CN103864519B - For the composite interstitial substance of strawberry soilless pot culture - Google Patents
For the composite interstitial substance of strawberry soilless pot culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN103864519B CN103864519B CN201410096490.XA CN201410096490A CN103864519B CN 103864519 B CN103864519 B CN 103864519B CN 201410096490 A CN201410096490 A CN 201410096490A CN 103864519 B CN103864519 B CN 103864519B
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Abstract
For a composite interstitial substance for strawberry soilless pot culture, by volume part calculates, and comprises peat composed of rotten mosses 3-5 part, perlite 2 parts, river sand 1 part, and appropriate fertilizer.Wherein the peat composed of rotten mosses is the thick type peat composed of rotten mosses, particle diameter 10-30mm; River sand is size of mesh (2-4mm) garbled building site fine sand; Before matrix dress basin, every cubic metre adds 20kg fertilizer, 10kg dish cake fertilizer, 0.5kg composite fertilizer (15: 15: 15).Composite interstitial substance physical and chemical index is: pH value: 5.5-6.5, specific conductivity are 0.5-2ms/cm, unit weight 0.3-0.5g/cm
3, total porosity 55-60, ventilating slit 20-22%, water holding hole 35-40%, gas-water ratio 1: 1.5-2.0.Utilize its Pot-strawberry, eliminate soil-borne disease, improve the quality of strawberry fruit and output about 20%, have very high practical value, and root system is many, plant strain growth is in great numbers, meets potted landscape aesthetic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation matrix, particularly relate to a kind of composite interstitial substance for strawberry soilless pot culture.
Background technology
Soilless substyate culture has following advantage: (1) by the restriction of edaphic condition, can not cultivate under the place being not suitable for soil cultivation and environment.In soil depletion area, arid area, saltings can carry out, and takes full advantage of land resources.(2) solid substrate is comparatively strong to the permeability of aqueous vapor, makes the water of root system environment, gas is easier to regulate, advantageously in the growth of root system.(3) fertigation is relatively accurate, can according to the demand of crop different growth stage to moisture and nutrition, accurately the moisture of supply needed for crop and nutrient.Easy acquisition high yield, and product quality improves.(4) continuous cropping obstacle can be avoided.General continuous cropping obstacle, 90% is because soil-borne disease causes, under solid substrate cultivation condition, as long as note disinfecting of equipment, just can prevent the propagation of various germ, just in case import into because nutritive medium and matrix are easy to upgrade and sterilization, also easily eliminate pathogeny bacterium, its disinfection cost is well below soil cultivation.(5) planting environment and the purifying of product can control.In greenhouse soil cultivation, the disease and pest that soil passes often occurs, and the evaporation of surface water, adds the humidity in greenhouse simultaneously, become the reason that disease and pest occurs, and substrate culture avoids these shortcomings, decreases the use of agricultural chemicals.The simultaneously requirement of nutrient fluid drip irrigation system to water quality is higher, avoids and to irrigate in water and soil some toxic substances to the pollution of strawberry.(6) some operations of usual soil cultivation, as cultivated rake, weeding etc., no longer need, greatly can save recruitment, used time, efficiency.
Peat composed of rotten mosses carbon-nitrogen ratio is low or medium; Organic and total nitrogen content is high, and air permeability is strong, water holding capacity is large, and body gently, is one of best soilless culture substrate of generally acknowledging in the world.But for strawberry cultivating, its water holding capacity is greatly a shortcoming.Strawberry is afraid of flood, and the water holding capacity of the peat composed of rotten mosses is unfavorable to the growth of strawberry root system greatly, and easy anoxic, surviving rate is relatively low.
What in current production, cultivation matrix application was more is the peat composed of rotten mosses, but peat composed of rotten mosses price is high, and resource-constrained, should not use in a large number.The present invention is by the ratio of the rational proportion peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and river sand, and appropriate fertilizer, meets the growth demand of strawberry, and its retentiveness, permeability and nutrient preserving capability all reach best.Substrate material of the present invention is common simultaneously, and have promoter action to strawberry growth, matrix deployment cost is lower, is suitable for promoting on a large scale.
The present invention's matrix used not only can be used for strawberry soilless culture, and its pot test effect is best.Substrate culture changes strawberry field production convention, can carry out planting strawberry, not only have the very strong effect of beautifying the environment in family and office, can also taste the strawberry fruit of delicious food, safety, for ordinarily resident brings many convenience.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of compound substrate formula for strawberry soilless pot culture, this formulation media is drawn materials conveniently, and price is low.
For a composite interstitial substance for strawberry soilless pot culture, in parts by volume, comprising: peat composed of rotten mosses 3-5 part; Perlite 2 parts; River sand 1 part; And suitable fertilizer.
Composite interstitial substance physical and chemical index optimum range: pH value: 5.5-6.5, specific conductivity are 0.5-2ms/cm, unit weight 0.3-0.5, total porosity 55-60, ventilating slit 20-22%, water holding hole 35-40%, gas-water ratio 1: 1.5-2.0.
The peat composed of rotten mosses is peat again.Being made up of the plant residue do not decomposed completely, mineral substance and soil ulmin three, is one of best soilless culture substrate of generally acknowledging in the world.Peat composed of rotten mosses unit weight is 0.2 ~ 0.6g/cm
3(the high-order peat composed of rotten mosses in northeast can be low to 0.14g/cm
3, the Jiangsu low level peat composed of rotten mosses can up to 0.97g/cm
3), body is light, easily carries; Total porosity is 77 ~ 84%, and macrovoid is 5 ~ 30%; Water holding capacity is 50 ~ 55%; Water content is 30 ~ 40%, can reach more than 50% under state of nature.Therefore peat composed of rotten mosses air permeability is strong, and water holding capacity is large.The pH value 3.0 ~ 6.5 of the peat composed of rotten mosses, reaches 7.0 ~ 7.5 individually, if can be used in combination with alkaline matrix in acidity, or adds ground dolomite 4 ~ 7kg/m
3; Base-exchange capacity is medium or high, can reach 0.2 ~ 0.7me/100g individually; Specific conductivity 1.10mS/cm; Carbon-nitrogen ratio is low or medium; Organic and total nitrogen content is high, as organic content reaches more than 40%, best and other matrix are used in combination, to increase unit weight, improve structure, blending ratio is 25 ~ 75% (volume ratios).The peat composed of rotten mosses can be divided three classes: (1) low level peat composed of rotten mosses: unit weight is comparatively large, water regain and air permeability poor, not easily make soilless culture substrate separately.Resolution is high, nitrogen and ash oontent higher, directly can make Fertilizer application.(2) the high-order peat composed of rotten mosses: resolution is low, nitrogen and ash oontent less, acidity comparatively strong (pH4 ~ 5), unit weight is less, and retention ability, base-exchange capacity, suction force, air permeability are better, can be used in combination with other matrix.(3) the meta peat composed of rotten mosses: shape, between above therebetween, can be used for soilless culture substrate and uses
River sand: unit weight 1.5 ~ 1.8%g/cm
3, total porosity 30.5%, macrovoid 29.5%, little space 1.0%, gas-water ratio 1: 0.03, pH6.5 ~ 7.8, carbon-nitrogen ratio and water holding capacity are all low, do not have base-exchange capacity, specific conductivity 0.46ms/cm, and suitable particle diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm.Therefore, sand unit weight is large, carrying and inconvenience when changing matrix.Retentiveness is poor, is convenient to drainage ventilation, but is unfavorable for preserve moisture and fertility, and gas-water ratio contradiction is large, and surge capability is poor, requires strict to nutrient solution prescription, pouring amount and filling liquid number of times, management trouble.The macroelement content of sand is few, but containing certain micro-Fe, Mn, B etc., because selecting the good river sand of water quality the most suitable.If sand contains calcium oxide should clean rear use, calcareous sand contains a large amount of calcium oxide, and can not the do matrix of general content more than 20% uses.Sand belongs to inert base, and macroelement content is few, can not affect nutrient solution concentration balance, carries disease germs few, and sterilization easily.
Perlite: diameter is that the canescence porousness closed pore of 1.5 ~ 4mm loosens core shape particle, is also called pearlstone or " sponge rock ".Be a kind of lightweight aggregates, unit weight is little, is 0.03 ~ 0.16g/ml, and total porosity is 60.3%, and wherein macrovoid is 29.5%, and little space is 30.8%, gas-water ratio 1: 1.04, and water holding capacity is 0%, and specific conductivity is 0.31ms/cm, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is low.Therefore pearl rock mass is light, easily carries; Retentiveness good (water regain can reach 2 ~ 3 times of deadweight), air permeability is good, easy draining; Physicochemical character is stablized.Contained nutrient almost can not absorb, and base-exchange capacity, lower than 1.5me/100g, does not almost have surge capability and ion-exchange performance; Anti-various physical and chemical factor effect, not easily decomposes, and can not produce interference to nutritive medium; Carry disease germs few.Frangible after perlite pressurized; Easily floating, stationarity is poor, is applicable to other matrix used in combination; Its sodium oxide content is no more than 5%.On gardening, conventional granular size is 3 ~ 4mm.
The peat composed of rotten mosses has plurality of advantages, but its retentiveness is unfavorable to the growth of strawberry root system greatly, and easy anoxic causes rotten.Therefore the perlite coordinating easy draining is needed.Pearl rock mass is light, easily carries; Retentiveness is good, and air permeability is good, easy draining; But it is frangible after pressurized; Easily floating, stationarity is poor, so be equipped with river sand again.River sand unit weight is large, good water permeability and containing containing certain micro-Fe, Mn, B etc.The composite interstitial substance that the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, river sand three coordinate, is very applicable to strawberry cultivating.
The all raw materials of the present invention can directly be bought or process and obtain, with low cost, utilize substrate culture strawberry of the present invention, and surviving rate improves 30%, and root system fresh weight comparatively contrasts many 50%, and with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, plant crown diameter comparatively contrasts large 40%.Be the strawberry potting media of high-quality, be also applicable to the requirement that the soilless culture of batch production strawberry is produced.
Embodiment:
One, substrate preparation step:
1 matrix prepares:
River sand is size of mesh (2-4mm) garbled building site fine sand;
Perlite is that market is bought;
The peat composed of rotten mosses is that market is bought.
2 matrix treatments
River sand takes high-temperature disinfection treatment; PH value is adjusted (about to add Wingdale 2kg/m to 5.0-5.5 with Wingdale before the peat composed of rotten mosses uses
3).
The preparation of 3 matrix:
Get container (the such as square aperture plastic tank 0.1m that can calculate volume
3), after measurement size calculates volume, be poured on clean water mud ground level ground after the peat composed of rotten mosses being loaded also suppression gently, same method gets 4 times, and namely 4 parts, shakeout, thickness is at about 20cm.Pour out by load in container suppression gently with the perlite of the moistening mistake of water after subsequently, 2 parts, be evenly sprinkling upon on the peat composed of rotten mosses that shakeout.Same method is poured out after river sand is loaded container, 1 part, is evenly spread on perlite.Finally calculate the volume sum (0.1 × 4+0.1 × 2+0.1 × 1=0.7m of all material
3), weigh according to quantity fertilizer (fertilizer 20kg × 0.7=14kg, dish cake fertilizer 10kg × 0.7=7, composite fertilizer 0.5 × 0.7=0.35kg) be evenly spread on after in matrix to be mixed with spade or other instrument turn over even, pile up, stand-by after lid plastic film.If prepare matrix on a large scale, put into stirrer after raw material can being got in above ratio and stir.
4 matrix dress basins
Field planting proxima luce (prox. luc), waters permeable after matrix being filled basin, supplement matrix extremely apart from 3cm place, upper basin limit.
Two, different treatment formula physico-chemical property:
Embodiment 1: in parts by volume, by 4 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 2 parts of perlites and 1 part of river sand Homogeneous phase mixing, stacks stand-by.Perlite first water moistening after use again.
Contrast 1: in parts by volume, garden mould is broken into diameter be less than 1cm particle stack stand-by.
Contrast 2: in parts by volume, garden mould 2 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 1 part, perlite 1 part of Homogeneous phase mixing, stack stand-by.
Test the matrix of above-mentioned three process, test result is as shown in table 1 below:
The physico-chemical property of table 1 composite interstitial substance
Note: all process all add 20kg/m at matrix mix stages
3fertilizer, dish cake fertilizer 10kg/m
3and 0.5kg/m
3composite fertilizer.
Three, test materials:
The preparation of Strawberry Seedlings:
" Feng Xiang " seedling is that field planting eliminates seedling, and seedling growing way is not good.
" virtue Lai Te " seedling is provided by Shandong company, posts to base by express delivery, 5 days used times in way, and seedling body turns to be yellow, poor.
1, matrix prepares:
The embodiment 1 prepared, contrast 1 and contrast 2 matrix are watered permeable for subsequent use.
2, field planting: (suitable District of Shanghai resident time is that mid or late August is to early September in field planting on September 25, because field planting is excessively late, all seedlings all do not complete physiological growth and just enter low temperature season, therefore output is lower), each process is field planting Feng Xiang and special two kinds of virtue Lay respectively, the strain of every basin one, often kind of formula.
3, daily administration: field planting is watered the first seven day every day, sees dry irrigating afterwards.Water fertilise (composite fertilizer 1kg+ urea 0.25kg+400kg water) on November 12nd, 2011 and on February 27th, 2012 respectively, carry out the conventional prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Four, test-results:
1, matrix is on the impact of growing of strawberry
Table 2 the 13rd day slow growth of cereal crop seedlings condition (having young leaves to grow strain number/field planting strain number × 100%)
As can be seen from Table 2, situation seedling (Feng Xiang) relatively preferably during field planting, in the matrix of different ingredients, slow growth of cereal crop seedlings condition is basically identical.And the seedling that during field planting, situation is bad (virtue Lai Te), in the matrix of different ingredients, slow growth of cereal crop seedlings condition difference is extremely remarkable, and wherein to delay seedling best for embodiment 1, and contrast 2 is taken second place, and contrast 1 is the poorest, only has 45.45%.
Table 3 different treatment single-strain blade single breeding time sum and plant height situation
| Process code name | Single breeding time single-strain blade sum | Plant height | Petiole is long |
| Embodiment 1 | 25.70 | 9.60 | 8.49 |
| Contrast 1 | 23.00 | 5.64 | 4.84 |
| Contrast 2 | 24.73 | 7.23 | 6.86 |
Note: plant height and petiole length are for measure by the end of November;
As can be seen from Table 3, in several process, to be plant height or petiole length be all, and embodiment 1 numerical value is best.
Table 4 different treatment physiology questionnaire
Note: all data are at the beginning of 5 months field planting next years and investigate;
As can be seen from Table 4, every physical signs of embodiment 1, all higher than contrast, shows that embodiment 1 is applicable to view requirement, has very large advantage to it as strawberry potting media.
Table 5 different treatment over-ground part and underground part contrast (Feng Xiang)
As can be seen from Table 5, each organ index of plant of embodiment 1 is all better than contrast, and the plant growing way of embodiment 1 is strengthened, and grows excellent.
Strawberry rate schedule in table 6 different substrates
Note: individual plant mean yield: strawberry mean yield in same matrix;
Single fruit counterpoise: strawberry single fruit weight amount mean value in same matrix;
Seen by table 6, it is all the highest that two kinds fruit counterpoise in embodiment 1 and individual plant all produce, and fruit type is moderate, has very strong viewing and admiring and edibleness.
2, continuous 2 years of later stage cultivation result
After above-mentioned test, carry out again experiment in cultivation in 2 years, all shown that matrix of the present invention can accelerate transplanting seedling time, generally shifted to an earlier date 3-5 days than the transplanting seedling time of other matrix, also can improve the surviving rate about 20% of weak transplantation of seedlings.Substrate culture result of the present invention, adopts that the vine growth and development of substrate culture of the present invention is good, plant type ornamental value is high, fruit type is large and outward appearance is excellent, sugar degree is high, single plant yield is than other matrix raising more than 20%.Matrix of the present invention is the most favourable to Pot-strawberry, as strawberry soilless culture substrate, has utilization and extention and is worth.
Claims (6)
1. for a composite interstitial substance for strawberry soilless culture, it is characterized in that: contain,
Peat composed of rotten mosses 3-5 part; Perlite 2 parts; River sand 1 part; Fertilizer;
Wherein, it is 50-67% that the content of the peat composed of rotten mosses accounts for volume percent, and the peat composed of rotten mosses is the high-order peat composed of rotten mosses or the meta peat composed of rotten mosses, and the unit weight of the peat composed of rotten mosses should lower than 0.4g/cm
3, peat composed of rotten mosses particle diameter should be 10-30mm;
It is 22-33% that perlitic content accounts for volume percent, and perlite is formed by siliceous volcanic burning expansion at 1200 DEG C, and white, light weight, in particulate state, perlite particle diameter is 1.5-4mm, unit weight 0.13-0.16g/cm
3, total porosity 60.3%; It is 11.1-16.7% that the content of river sand accounts for volume percent, the composition of river sand grain size should be: what be greater than 4.7mm accounts for 1%, 2.4-4.7mm account for 10%, 1.2-2.4mm account for 26%, 0.6-1.2mm account for 20%, 0.3-0.6mm accounts for 25%, 0.1-0.3mm account for 15%, 0.07-0.12mm account for 2%, 0.01mm account for 1%, the pH value 6.0-7.0 of river sand, unit weight is 1.5-1.8g/cm
3, total porosity is 30.5%;
Fertilizer is by the volume computing fertilizer application amount of matrix after mixing: fertilizer 20kg/m
3; Dish cake fertilizer 10kg/m
3; Composite fertilizer 0.5kg/m
3.
2., as claimed in claim 1 for the composite interstitial substance of strawberry soilless culture, it is characterized in that: described fertilizer is that biological organic fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed completely through high temperature, and described dish cake fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed completely through high temperature, organic content 75-85%; In described composite fertilizer, purity nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content are 15%.
3., as claimed in claim 1 for the composite interstitial substance of strawberry soilless culture, it is characterized in that; Composite interstitial substance physical and chemical index should be: pH value: 5.5-6.5, specific conductivity are 0.5-2ms/cm, unit weight 0.3-0.5g/cm
3, total porosity 55-60%, ventilating slit 20-22%, water holding hole 35-40%, gas-water ratio 1: 1.5-2.0.
4. as in claim 1-3 any one for the using method of the composite interstitial substance of strawberry soilless culture, it is characterized in that: when doing strawberry potting media with it, strawberry growth does not need fertilising early stage, and strawberry the middle and late growth stage needs to impose Gao Jia type composite fertilizer twice, and the amount of spreading manuer in holes is the every basin of 3g/ at every turn.
5. the using method of composite interstitial substance as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: with matrix carry out strawberry potted plant time, require that the height of flowerpot is higher than 20cm; The strain of interior bore 20-25cm kind 1, the strain of interior bore 25-30cm kind 2, the strain of interior bore 30-35cm kind 3.
6. the using method of composite interstitial substance as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: matrix is apart from basin mouth about 3cm; Field planting proxima luce (prox. luc), waters permeable by the matrix of dress basin, supplements matrix to distance basin mouth 3cm place.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104892088A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-09-09 | 上海宇强贸易有限公司 | Soil-free cultivation medium with microorganisms and promoting healthy growth and production of crops and preparation method thereof |
| CN105330467A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-02-17 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Potted strawberry substrate formula |
| CN106892688A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-27 | 镇江市丹徒区永利蔬菜专业合作社 | Strawberry culture matrix |
| CN105474969A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-13 | 韩若霖 | Cultivation method for potted strawberries |
| CN106069660A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 句容市白兔镇倪塘徐华果园 | A kind of without the substrate water culture method of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae |
| CN111616039A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-04 | 淮南市益农瓜果产销服务有限公司 | Soilless tank planting method for pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries |
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| CN102257948A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-11-30 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Compound matrix for soilless seeding of strawberry |
| CN102643146A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-22 | 四川农业大学 | Soil-less culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102850144A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-01-02 | 丽水市林业科学研究院 | Container seedling substance |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102257948A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-11-30 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Compound matrix for soilless seeding of strawberry |
| CN102643146A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-22 | 四川农业大学 | Soil-less culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102850144A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-01-02 | 丽水市林业科学研究院 | Container seedling substance |
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