CN111616039A

CN111616039A - Soilless tank planting method for pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries

Info

Publication number: CN111616039A
Application number: CN202010513043.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨积冠; 杨积山; 俞家永; 王朋成
Original assignee: Huainan Yinong Melon And Fruit Production And Marketing Service Co ltd
Current assignee: Huainan Yinong Melon And Fruit Production And Marketing Service Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-08
Filing date: 2020-06-08
Publication date: 2020-09-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a soilless tank planting method of pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of modified peat, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 10-12 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of vegetable cake fertilizer, 0.5-2 parts of compound fertilizer and 50-70 parts of milk; according to the invention, in the soilless culture process of the milk-flavored strawberries, the crystal face spacing of the modified peat is increased on one hand, and the surface of the modified peat is coated by organic radicals on the other hand, so that the hydrophobic property of the peat surface is enhanced, the water retention property is weakened, the drainage property is enhanced, when the modified peat is used as a soilless culture medium in the present period, raw materials such as perlite and the like are not required to be added for matching use to increase the drainage property, the cost is saved, and the technical problems that the strawberries are afraid of waterlogging, the growth of the root systems of the strawberries is not favorable due to large water holding capacity of the.

Description

Soilless tank planting method for pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry cultivation, and particularly relates to a soilless tank cultivation method of pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries.

Background

The soilless substrate culture has the following advantages: (1) without being limited by soil conditions, the cultivation can be carried out in places and environments unsuitable for soil cultivation. Can be carried out in soil-poor areas, arid areas and saline-alkali lands, and fully utilizes land resources. (2) The solid matrix has stronger permeability to water vapor, so that the water and the gas in the root system environment are easier to adjust, and the development of the root system is more facilitated. (3) The irrigation and fertilization are accurate, and the water and the nutrients required by the crops can be accurately supplied according to the requirements of the crops on the water and the nutrients in different growth periods. High yield is easy to obtain and the product quality is improved. (4) The cultivation environment and the cleaning of the product can be controlled. In the greenhouse soil cultivation, soil-borne diseases and insect pests often occur, meanwhile, the moisture on the ground surface is evaporated, the humidity of the greenhouse is increased, and the diseases and insect pests are caused, and the defects are avoided in the substrate cultivation, so that the use of pesticides is reduced. Meanwhile, the nutrient solution drip irrigation system has higher requirement on water quality, and the pollution of some toxic substances in irrigation water and soil to strawberries is avoided.

The Chinese patent CN102863269B discloses a preparation process of a soilless culture substrate for strawberries, which relates to the technical field of nutrient fertilizers and is characterized in that: firstly, smashing cow dung and edible fungus waste materials, and then adding the following components in percentage by weight: mixing edible fungus waste materials in a volume of 1:3 to form a mixture, then exposing the mixture in the sun and adding water to treat the mixture in a sun-exposure and water-flooding way, covering the mixture with a plastic film for 1 month in a sealing way to prepare a substrate decomposed substance, and mixing the decomposed substance, turfy soil and perlite in a volume of 3:3:4 to form the substrate.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a soilless tank planting method of pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries.

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:

(1) peat is a cheap natural substance and is one of the best soilless culture substrates, but can adsorb, complex or replace various metal cations, and the metal cations used as the substrates can influence the growth of the strawberries;

(2) peat has excellent water-retaining property, but strawberries are afraid of waterlogging, the water-retaining amount of peat is large, and the growth of strawberry root systems is unfavorable, and easy oxygen deficiency leads to the relatively low survival rate of strawberries, so need add raw materials such as pearlite and use in coordination among the prior art, causes the cost to waste.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a soilless tank planting method for pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries comprises the following steps:

step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of modified peat, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 10-12 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of vegetable cake fertilizer, 0.5-2 parts of compound fertilizer and 50-70 parts of milk;

step two, stirring and uniformly mixing the modified peat, the vermiculite and the plant ash, then adding the milk, stirring and uniformly mixing, and standing for one week at 25 ℃ to obtain a soilless culture medium;

thirdly, building long planting grooves along the length direction of the planting greenhouse, controlling the width of the planting grooves to be 30-40cm and the height of the planting grooves to be 20-30cm, reserving a channel of 30-40cm between every two adjacent planting grooves, and paving a waterproof plastic film at the bottoms of the planting grooves;

selecting strong strawberry seedlings and planting the strong strawberry seedlings, selecting strawberry seedlings with 4-6 green leaves, 0.8-1.2cm thick new stems, short and thick petioles, 25-30g of seedlings, developed root systems, more than 5 white roots and no plant diseases and insect pests, and planting the strong strawberry seedlings in planting grooves according to the plant spacing of 15-20 cm.

Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer which is completely decomposed at high temperature, the vegetable cake fertilizer is completely decomposed at high temperature, the content of organic matters is 75-80%, and the contents of pure nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the compound fertilizer are all 18%.

Further, after strong strawberry seedlings are fixedly planted in the fourth step, organic fertilizer, vegetable cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied to the middle and later growth stages of the strawberries.

Furthermore, before strong strawberry seedlings are planted, the roots of the strong strawberry seedlings are dipped in 10mg/L naphthylacetic acid solution, and then the roots are dipped in 250g/L Amixida 2500 times solution.

Further, the modified peat is prepared by the following method:

step S1, smashing and grinding peat to 75-100 microns, adding deionized water, stirring at a constant speed to prepare slurry, adding 10% sodium chloride solution, heating in a water bath at 80 ℃, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min for 2 hours, standing for 10 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water until no chloride ion exists, filtering, drying at 110 ℃ for 6 hours to prepare the processed peat, and controlling the weight ratio of the peat, the deionized water and the 10% sodium chloride solution to be 1: 10: 2;

step S2, adding N-methylimidazole into toluene, adding dichloroethane, heating to 65 ℃, stirring for 10 hours at the temperature to obtain a crude product, filtering, washing with ethyl acetate for three times, and drying to obtain a modifier, wherein the weight ratio of N-methylimidazole to toluene to dichloroethane is controlled to be 1: 15;

and S3, adding the processed peat obtained in the step S1 into deionized water, adding a modifier, heating in a water bath at 55 ℃, reacting for 1h, filtering, transferring to a drying oven at 110 ℃ for drying for 12h, crushing and grinding, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the modified peat, wherein the weight ratio of the processed peat to the modifier is controlled to be 5: 2.

Peat is a cheap natural substance and can adsorb, complex or replace various metal cations, so that peat powder is made into slurry in step S1, 10% sodium chloride solution is added, and after mixing, sodium ions can replace metal cation impurities in peat and reach a saturated state, so that the metal cation impurities in peat can be eliminated, and the influence of the metal cation impurities on the growth of strawberries when the peat is used as a soilless culture medium is prevented, and the prepared peat after treatment is sodiumized peat; in step S2, a modifier is prepared from N-methylimidazole and dichloroethane, in step S3, the modifier reacts with the sodified peat in a water bath at 55 ℃ for 1 hour, during the reaction, the modifier can be inserted into a peat interlayer, so that the spacing between the peat crystal faces is increased, and after the modifier is inserted into the peat interlayer, the peat crystal face surface is coated with organic groups, so that the hydrophobic property of the peat surface is enhanced, and therefore, the water retention property of the modified peat is weakened, the drainage property is enhanced, and the growth of strawberries is further promoted.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention relates to a pollution-free milk-flavor strawberry which prepares a modified peat in the soilless tank culture process, the modified peat is prepared by making peat powder into slurry in step S1 in the preparation process, adding 10% sodium chloride solution, mixing, and then sodium ions can replace metal cation impurities in the peat and reach a saturated state, so that the metal cation impurities in the peat can be eliminated, and the influence of the metal cation impurities on the growth of the strawberry when the peat is used as a soilless culture medium is prevented, and the prepared treated peat is sodified peat; in the step S2, a modifier is prepared through N-methylimidazole and dichloroethane, in the step S3, the modifier reacts with the peat subjected to sodium treatment for 1 hour under the water bath heating at 55 ℃, in the reaction process, the modifier can be inserted into a peat interlayer to increase the spacing between the peat crystal faces, and after the modifier is inserted into the peat interlayer, the peat crystal face surface is coated by organic groups to enhance the hydrophobic property of the peat surface, so that the water retention property of the modified peat is weakened, the drainage property is enhanced, the strawberry growth is further promoted, and the technical problem that the peat can adsorb, complex or replace various metal cations and can influence the strawberry growth by taking the peat as a matrix metal cation is solved;

(2) according to the invention, in the soilless culture process of the milk-flavored strawberries, the crystal face spacing of the modified peat is increased on one hand, and the surface of the modified peat is coated by organic radicals on the other hand, so that the hydrophobic property of the peat surface is enhanced, the water retention property is weakened, the drainage property is enhanced, when the modified peat is used as a soilless culture medium in the present period, raw materials such as perlite and the like are not required to be added for matching use to increase the drainage property, the cost is saved, and the technical problems that the strawberries are afraid of waterlogging, the growth of the root systems of the strawberries is not favorable due to large water holding capacity of the.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of modified peat, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of vegetable cake fertilizer, 0.5 part of compound fertilizer and 50 parts of milk;

In the fourth step, organic fertilizer, vegetable cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied 4 months after strong strawberry seedlings are fixedly planted.

The organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer which is completely decomposed at high temperature, the vegetable cake fertilizer is completely decomposed at high temperature, the content of organic matters is 750-80%, and the contents of pure nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the compound fertilizer are all 18%.

The modified peat is prepared by the following method:

step S1, peat is crushed and ground to 75 microns, deionized water is added, the mixture is stirred at a constant speed to prepare slurry, 10% sodium chloride solution is added, the mixture is heated in a water bath at 80 ℃ and stirred for 2 hours at a rotating speed of 200r/min, then the mixture is kept stand for 10 hours, filtered, washed by deionized water until no chloride ion exists, filtered and dried for 6 hours at 110 ℃ to prepare the treated peat, and the weight ratio of the peat, the deionized water and the 10% sodium chloride solution is controlled to be 1: 10: 2;

Example 2

step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of modified peat, 12 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of vegetable cake fertilizer, 0.8 part of compound fertilizer and 55 parts of milk;

The rest is the same as example 1.

Example 3

step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of modified peat, 14 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of plant ash, 11 parts of organic fertilizer, 4 parts of vegetable cake fertilizer, 1.5 parts of compound fertilizer and 65 parts of milk;

The rest is the same as example 1.

Example 4

step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of modified peat, 15 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of organic fertilizer, 5 parts of vegetable cake fertilizer, 2 parts of compound fertilizer and 70 parts of milk;

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 1

In comparison with example 1, the present comparative example uses peat instead of modified peat, and the preparation method is as follows:

step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of peat, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of vegetable cake fertilizer, 0.5 part of compound fertilizer and 50 parts of milk;

step two, stirring and uniformly mixing peat, vermiculite and plant ash, then adding milk, stirring and uniformly mixing, and standing for one week at 25 ℃ to obtain a soilless culture medium;

The rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example is a soilless tank planting method of the prior milk-flavor strawberries.

Strawberry with the same height and the same species is selected for final singling, cultivation and final singling are carried out for 15 days according to the methods of the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2, and then detection is carried out, and the results are shown in the following table:

	total number of leaves per plant	Height cm of plant	Length of petiole cm
				Example 1	26.8	9.8	8.2
Example 2	28.2	9.8	8.3
				Example 3	30.0	9.9	8.5
Example 4	31.0	10.0	8.5
				Comparative example 1	23.0	7.5	6.7
Comparative example 2	22.1	6.8	6.2

As can be seen from the above table, the total number of leaves per plant of examples 1 to 4 was 26.8 to 31.0, the plant height was 9.8 to 10.0cm, the petiole length was 8.2 to 8.5cm, the total number of leaves per plant of comparative examples 1 to 2 was 22.1 to 23.0, the plant height was 6.8 to 7.5cm, and the petiole length was 6.2 to 6.7 cm; therefore, in the soilless culture process of the milk-flavored strawberries, the crystal face spacing of the modified peat is increased on one hand, and the surface of the modified peat is coated by organic radicals on the other hand, so that the hydrophobic property of the peat surface is enhanced, the water retention property is weakened, the drainage property is enhanced, when the modified peat is used as a soilless culture medium in the present period, raw materials such as perlite and the like do not need to be added for matching use to increase the drainage property, the cost is saved, the technical problems that the strawberries are afraid of waterlogging, the large water holding capacity of the peat is unfavorable for the growth of the root systems of the strawberries, the oxygen deficiency is

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A soilless tank planting method of pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The soilless tank cultivation method of pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer which is completely decomposed at high temperature, the vegetable cake fertilizer is completely decomposed at high temperature, the organic matter content is 75-80%, and the contents of pure nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the compound fertilizer are all 18%.

3. The soilless slot planting method of the pollution-free milk-flavor strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein organic fertilizer, vegetable cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied to the medium and later growth period of the strawberries after strong seedlings of the strawberries are planted in the fourth step.

4. The soilless culture method of strawberry with milk fragrance and without pollution in claim 1, wherein before strong strawberry seedlings are planted, the roots are soaked in naphthylacetic acid solution of 10mg/L and then soaked in 250g/L of 2500 times of Amixida liquid.

5. The soilless tank cultivation method of strawberry with milk fragrance and without environmental pollution of claim 1, wherein the modified peat is prepared by the following method: