CN107226736A - A kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture in family room - Google Patents
A kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture in family room Download PDFInfo
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- CN107226736A CN107226736A CN201710384883.4A CN201710384883A CN107226736A CN 107226736 A CN107226736 A CN 107226736A CN 201710384883 A CN201710384883 A CN 201710384883A CN 107226736 A CN107226736 A CN 107226736A
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- turf
- fertilizer
- matrix
- vegetable
- interstitial substance
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture in family room, is calculated by parts by volume, including 35 parts of turf, 2 parts of perlite, 1 part of river sand, and appropriate fertilizer.Wherein turf is thick type turf, the 30mm of particle diameter 10；River sand is screen size (2 4mm) garbled building site fine sand；Every cubic metre of addition 20kg organic fertilizer, 10kg rapeseed cakes fertilizer, 0.5kg composite fertilizers (15: 15: 15) before matrix dress basin.Composite interstitial substance physical and chemical index is：PH value：5.5 6.5, electrical conductivity is 0.5 2ms/cm, the 0.5g/cm3 of unit weight 0.3, total porosity 55 60, ventilating slit 20 22%, water holding hole 35 40%, gas-water ratio 1: 1.5 2.0.Using its Vegetable, soil-borne disease, the quality for improving vegetables fruit and yield 20% or so are eliminated, with very high practical value, and root system is more, and plant strain growth is in great numbers, meets potted landscape aesthetic.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation matrix, more particularly to a kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture in family room.
【Background technology】
Soilless substyate culture has the advantage that：(1) do not limited by edaphic condition, can be not suitable for soil cultivation place and
Cultivated under environment.It can be carried out in soil depletion area, arid area, salt-soda soil, take full advantage of land resource.
(2) solid matrix is stronger to the permeability of aqueous vapor so that water, the gas of root system environment are easier to regulation, advantageously in root system
Development.(3) fertigation is more accurate, can be according to crop different growth stage to moisture and the demand of nutrition, and accurate supply is made
Moisture and nutrient needed for thing.High yield is readily available, and product quality is improved.(4) it is avoided that continuous cropping obstacle.General continuous cropping barrier
Hinder, 90% is due to that soil-borne disease causes, under solid matrix cultivation condition, only it is noted that disinfecting for equipment, can just prevent
The only propagation of various germs, just in case it is incoming due to nutrient solution and matrix it is easily updated and sterilization, also easily eliminate pathogeny bacterium, its
Disinfection cost is well below soil cultivation.(5) planting environment and the purifying of product can control.In greenhouse soil cultivation,
Often occur the pest and disease damage that soil is passed, while the evaporation of surface water, adds the humidity in greenhouse, the original occurred as pest and disease damage
Because, and substrate culture avoids these shortcomings, reduces the use of agricultural chemicals.Simultaneously requirement of the nutrient fluid drip irrigation system to water quality compared with
It is high, it is to avoid pollution of some noxious materials to vegetables in irrigation water and soil.(6) generally some operations of soil cultivation, such as
Plough rake, weeding etc., it is no longer necessary to, recruitment, used time, efficiency can be greatlyd save.
Turf carbon-nitrogen ratio is low or medium；Organic matter and total nitrogen content are high, and aeration is strong, and water-holding capacity is big, and body is light, is the world
One of upper generally acknowledged best soilless culture substrate.But for vegetable cultivation, its water-holding capacity is a shortcoming greatly.Vegetables are afraid of
Flood, the big growth to vegetable root system of water-holding capacity of turf is unfavorable, and easy anoxic, survival rate is relatively low.
At present the upper cultivation matrix of production using it is more be turf, but turf price is high, and resource-constrained, should not largely make
With.Ratio of the invention by rational proportion turf, perlite and river sand, and appropriate fertilizer, meet the growth of vegetables
Demand, its retentiveness, permeability and nutrient preserving capability all reach most preferably.Host material of the present invention is common simultaneously, has rush to vegetable growth
Enter effect, matrix deployment cost is relatively low, suitable a wide range of popularization.
Matrix used of the invention cannot be only used for vegetable soilless culture, and its pot test effect is optimal.Substrate culture changes vegetable
Dish field production convention, can carry out plant vegetables in home and office intranets, not only with the very strong effect beautified the environment, also
The vegetables of delicious safety can be tasted, are that ordinarily resident brings many convenience.
【The content of the invention】
The invention provides a kind of compound substrate formula for vegetable soilless culture in family room, the formulation media materials side
Just, price is low.
A kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture in family room, in terms of parts by volume, including：3-5 parts of turf；Pearl
2 parts of rock；1 part of river sand；And appropriate fertilizer.
Composite interstitial substance physical and chemical index optimum range：PH value：5.5-6.5, electrical conductivity be 0.5-2ms/cm, unit weight 0.3-0.5,
Total porosity 55-60, ventilating slit 20-22%, water holding hole 35-40%, gas-water ratio 1: 1.5-2.0.
Turf is called peat.It is made up of the plant residue not decomposed completely, mineral matter and humus three, is public in the world
One of best soilless culture substrate recognized.Turf unit weight is 0.2~0.6g/cm3(northeast high position turf low can arrive 0.14g/
cm3, Jiangsu low level turf may be up to 0.97g/cm3), body is light, easily carries；Total porosity be 77~84%, macrovoid be 5~
30%；Water-holding capacity is 50~55%；Water content is reachable more than 50% under 30~40%, nature.Therefore turf aeration
By force, water-holding capacity is big.The pH value 3.0~6.5 of turf, reaches individually 7.0~7.5, if can be mixed in acidity with alkaline matrix makes
With, or add 4~7kg/m of dolomite dust3；Base-exchange capacity is medium or height, indivedual up to 0.2~0.7me/100g；Electrical conductivity
1.10mS/cm；Carbon-nitrogen ratio is low or medium；Organic matter and total nitrogen content are high, and such as content of organic matter reaches more than 40%, preferably and its
He is used in mixed way matrix, to increase unit weight, improves structure, and mixed proportion is 25~75% (volume ratios).Turf can be divided into three classes：
(1) low level turf：Unit weight is larger, and water absorption and aeration are poor, is difficult individually to make soilless culture substrate.Resolution is high, nitrogen and
Content of ashes is higher, can directly make Fertilizer application.(2) high-order turf：Resolution is low, and nitrogen and content of ashes are less, acid stronger
(pH4~5), unit weight is smaller, and retention ability, base-exchange capacity, water absorbing force, aeration preferably, can be used in mixed way with other matrix.
(3) middle position turf：Shape therebetween, is used more than available for soilless culture substrate.
River sand：1.5~1.8%g/cm of unit weight3, total porosity 30.5%, macrovoid 29.5%, small space 1.0%, air water
Than 1: 0.03, pH6.5~7.8, carbon-nitrogen ratio and water-holding capacity are low, without base-exchange capacity, electrical conductivity 0.46ms/cm, suitable grain
Footpath is 0.5~3mm.Therefore, sand unit weight is big, carries and change inconvenient during matrix.Retentiveness is poor, is easy to drainage ventilation, but
It is unfavorable for retain water and nutrients, gas-water ratio contradiction is big, and buffer capacity is poor, it is strict to the requirement of nutrient solution prescription, pouring amount and liquid filling number of times,
Management trouble.The a great number of elements content of sand is few, but containing certain micro- Fe, Mn, B etc., because preferable from water quality
River sand is most suitable.Used if sand contains after calcium oxide should be cleaned, calcareous sand contains substantial amounts of calcium oxide, general content surpasses
Crossing 20% can not use as matrix.Sand belongs to inert base, and a great number of elements content is few, does not interfere with nutrient solution concentration balance,
Carry disease germs few, sterilization is easy.
Perlite：A diameter of 1.5~4mm loose core shape the particle of canescence porous closed pore, also known as expanded perlite
Or " sponge rock ".It is a kind of lightweight aggregates, unit weight is small, is 0.03~0.16g/ml, total porosity is 60.3%, wherein greatly
Hole is 29.5%, and small space is 30.8%, and gas-water ratio 1: 1.04, water-holding capacity is 0%, and electrical conductivity is 0.31ms/cm, carbon-nitrogen ratio
It is low.Therefore pearl rock mass is light, easily carries；Retentiveness is good (water absorption is up to 2~3 times conducted oneself with dignity), and aeration is good, easy draining；Reason
Change character stable.Contained nutrient can hardly be absorbed, and base-exchange capacity is less than 1.5me/100g, almost without buffer capacity
And ion-exchange performance；Anti- various physical and chemical factor effects, are not easily decomposed, will not produce interference to nutrient solution；Carry disease germs few.Perlite
It is frangible after compression；Easily floating, stationarity is poor, is adapted to be used in mixed way with other matrix；Its sodium oxide content is no more than 5%.Garden
It is 3~4mm that granular size is commonly used in skill.Turf has many advantages, such as, but the big growth to vegetable root system of its retentiveness is unfavorable, easily
Anoxic, causes rotten.Therefore need to coordinate the perlite of easy draining.Pearl rock mass is light, easily carries；Retentiveness is good, and aeration is good,
Easy draining；But it is frangible after being pressurized；Easily floating, stationarity is poor, so being equipped with river sand again.River sand unit weight is big, good water permeability and contains
Contain certain micro- Fe, Mn, B etc..The composite interstitial substance that turf, perlite, river sand three coordinate, is especially suitable for vegetable
Colza is planted.
All raw materials of the present invention, which directly can be bought or process, to be obtained, with low cost, using substrate culture vegetables of the present invention,
Survival rate improves 30%, and root system fresh weight relatively compares many 50%, and with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, plant crown diameter relatively compares big by 40%.It is the vegetable of high-quality
Dish potting media, also is adapted for the requirement of industrialized vegetable soilless culture production.
【Embodiment】
First, substrate preparation step：
1 matrix prepares：River sand is the garbled building site fine sand of screen size (2-4mm)；Perlite is bought for market；Grass
Charcoal is bought for market.
2 matrix treatments：River sand takes high-temperature disinfection treatment；Turf using it is preceding with lime stone adjust pH value to 5.0-5.5 (about plus
Lime stone 2kg/m3)。
The preparation of 3 matrix：Container (the such as square aperture Plastic Drum 0.1m of volume can be calculated by taking3), measure Size calculation
After volume, turf is loaded and is poured on after gently suppressing on clean water mud ground level ground, same method takes 4 times, i.e., 4 part, shakeouts,
Thickness is in 20cm or so.Then the perlite moistened with water is loaded and poured out after gently being suppressed in container, 2 parts, is uniformly sprinkling upon
On the turf shakeout.Same method is poured out after river sand is loaded into container, 1 part, is uniformly spread on perlite.Finally calculate all
Volume sum (0.1 × 4+0.1 × 2+0.1 × 1=0.7m of material3), fertilizer (organic fertilizer 20kg × 0.7=is weighed according to quantity
14kg, rapeseed cake fertilizer 10kg × 0.7=7,0.5 × 0.7=0.35kg of composite fertilizer) be uniformly spread in matrix to be mixed after use spade
Or other instruments turn over it is even, pile up, it is stand-by after lid plastic foil.If preparing matrix on a large scale, it can be taken in above ratio after raw material
Mixer is put into be stirred.
4 matrix fill basin：Proxima luce (prox. luc) is colonized, pours permeable after matrix is filled into basin, supplement matrix is at upper basin side 3cm.
2nd, different disposal formula physicochemical property：
Embodiment 1：In terms of parts by volume, 4 parts of turfs, 2 parts of perlites and 1 part of river sand are uniformly mixed, stacked stand-by.Perlite is first
Used again after moistening of watering.
Control 1：In terms of parts by volume, garden mould is broken into particle of the diameter less than 1cm and stacks stand-by.
Control 2：In terms of parts by volume, 2 parts of garden mould, 1 part of turf, the uniform mixing of 1 part of perlite are stacked stand-by.
Matrix to above three processing is tested, and test result is as shown in table 1 below：
The physicochemical property of the composite interstitial substance of table 1
Note：All processing add 20kg/m in matrix mix stages3Organic fertilizer, rapeseed cake fertilizer 10kg/m3And 0.5kg/m3It is compound
Fertilizer.
3rd, test material：
The preparation of vegetable seedling：From common Chinese Onion Seeding Field, provided by Shandong company, posted to and used in base, way by express delivery
When 5 days, seedling body jaundice, it is poor.
1st, matrix prepares：The embodiment 1 prepared, control 1 and 2 matrix of control are poured permeable standby.
2nd, it is colonized：(suitable District of Shanghai resident time is mid or late August to early September, due to field planting for September field planting on the 25th
Too late, all seedlings do not complete physiological growth just into low temperature season, therefore yield is relatively low), per one plant of basin, every kind of formula.
3rd, daily management：It is colonized the first seven day to water daily, dry irrigate is seen afterwards.Respectively on November 12nd, 2016 and 2017
Year pours fertilising material (composite fertilizer 1kg+ urea 0.25kg+400kg water) for 27 days 2 months, carries out the conventional prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
4th, result of the test：
1st, the influence grown of the matrix to vegetables
The 13rd day slow seedling situation (thering is young leaves to grow strain number/field planting strain number × 100%) of table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, same seedling, slow seedling situation difference is extremely notable in the matrix of different formulations, wherein embodiment 1
Slow seedling preferably, take second place by control 2, and control 1 is worst, and only 45.45%.
From the point of view of substrate culture result of the present invention, using the vine growth and development of substrate culture of the present invention is good, outward appearance is excellent, strain
Type ornamental value is high, single plant yield improves more than 20% than other matrix.Matrix of the present invention is the most favourable to Vegetable, as
Vegetable soilless culture matrix, with utilization and extention value.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture, it is characterised in that：Contain 3-5 parts of turf；2 parts of perlite；River sand 1
Part；Fertilizer；
Wherein, the content of turf accounts for percent by volume for 50-67%, and turf is high-order turf or middle position turf, the unit weight of turf
0.4g/cm should be less than3, turf particle diameter should be 10-30mm；
The content of perlite accounts for percent by volume for 22-33%, perlite by siliceous volcanic at 1200 DEG C burning expansion and
Into white, light weight are in granular form, and perlite particle diameter is 1.5-4mm or so, unit weight 0.13-0.16g/cm3, total porosity
60.3%；
The content of river sand accounts for percent by volume for 11.1-16.7%, and the composition of river sand grain particle size should be：More than 4.7mm's
Account for 1%, 2.4-4.7mm account for 10%, 1.2-2.4mm account for 26%, 0.6-1.2mm account for accounting for for 20%, 0.3-0.6mm
25%, 0.1-0.3mm 1%, the pH value 6.0-7.0 of river sand of accounting for for accounting for 2%, 0.01mm for accounting for 15%, 0.07-0.12mm, hold
Weight is 1.5-1.8g/cm3, total porosity is 30.5%；
Fertilizer calculates fertilizer application amount by the volume of matrix after mixing：Organic fertilizer 20kg/m3；Rapeseed cake fertilizer 10kg/m3,；Composite fertilizer 0.5kg/
m3。
2. it is used for the composite interstitial substance of vegetable soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The organic fertilizer is biology
Organic fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed completely through high temperature, and the rapeseed cake fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed completely through high temperature, and the content of organic matter is typically in 75-85%；It is described multiple
Purity nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content are 15% in Hefei.
3. it is used for the composite interstitial substance of vegetable soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Composite interstitial substance physical and chemical index
It should be：PH value：5.5-6.5, electrical conductivity are 0.5-2ms/cm, unit weight 0.3-0.5, total porosity 55-60, ventilating slit 20-
22%th, water holding hole 35-40%, gas-water ratio 1: 1.5-2.0.
4. as any one in claim 1-3 is used for the application method of the composite interstitial substance of vegetable soilless culture, it is characterised in that：
When vegetable potted matrix is made of it, vegetable growth early stage need not apply fertilizer, and the vegetable growth middle and later periods needs to impose high potassium type and is combined
Twice, the amount of spreading manuer in holes is 3g/ per basin to fertilizer every time.
5. the application method of composite interstitial substance as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：, when carrying out vegetable potted with matrix
The height of flowerpot is asked to be higher than 20cm, optimum height 25-30cm；Interior 1 plant of bore 20-25cm kinds, interior 2 plants of bore 25-30cm kinds are interior
3 plants of bore 30-35cm kinds.
6. the application method of composite interstitial substance as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Matrix is away from basin mouthful 3cm or so；Before field planting
One, the matrix for filling basin is poured permeable, supplement matrix is at basin mouthful 3cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710384883.4A CN107226736A (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2017-05-26 | A kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture in family room |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710384883.4A CN107226736A (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2017-05-26 | A kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture in family room |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107226736A true CN107226736A (en) | 2017-10-03 |
Family
ID=59934380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710384883.4A Withdrawn CN107226736A (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2017-05-26 | A kind of composite interstitial substance for vegetable soilless culture in family room |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN107226736A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108040806A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 丹阳市三木果业有限公司 | A kind of scattered leaf shepherd's purse soilless culture substrate |
| CN108887144A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-11-27 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate |
| US20210387926A1 (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-16 | Dicalite Management Group, Inc. | Soil amendment and fertilizer composition |
-
2017
- 2017-05-26 CN CN201710384883.4A patent/CN107226736A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108040806A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 丹阳市三木果业有限公司 | A kind of scattered leaf shepherd's purse soilless culture substrate |
| CN108887144A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-11-27 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate |
| US20210387926A1 (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-16 | Dicalite Management Group, Inc. | Soil amendment and fertilizer composition |
| US11840490B2 (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2023-12-12 | Dicalite Management Group, Inc. | Soil amendment and fertilizer composition |
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Application publication date: 20171003 |
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