CN108887144A - Preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate - Google Patents
Preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrochloric acid Substances Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- MTJGVAJYTOXFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=CC(N)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C21 MTJGVAJYTOXFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052927 chalcanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a mixed substrate for soilless culture of vegetables, which specifically comprises the following steps: measuring the physical and chemical properties of the single matrix; establishing a regression equation of physicochemical properties of the mixed matrix; determining the proportion of the mixed substrate through a regression equation; adjusting the EC value and the pH value of a mixed matrix; and (5) carrying out subsequent management on the substrate. The method of the invention can determine the mixed components under different conditions according to the difference of single substrate types or the difference of planted vegetable types, and the mixed substrate can effectively improve the yield and quality of soilless culture vegetables, thereby being popularized and applied in production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate, in particular to utilize all kinds of agriculture wastes
Preparation method when object is used as vegetable seedling substrate and cultivation matrix, belongs to technical field of vegetable cultivation.
Background technique
Soilless culture substrate is at present in vegetables nursery, production using more and more, very due to single-matrix physicochemical property
Difficulty meets plant growth needs, therefore mainly to use based on mixed substrate in producing.Existing soilless substrate mixture is without more
The method of specification, in production mainly by experience grope or using mixture commodity matrix.
As what agricultural wastes were applied in matrix mixture increases, the soilless cultivation mixture base for determining a kind of science is needed
Matter preparation method, makes full use of agricultural resource, improves the production quality of vegetables.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods suitable for vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate, can be abundant
Using all kinds of inorganic, organic substrates and suitable agricultural wastes mixture, promotes vegetable seedling and plant strain growth, improve vegetables
Yield and benefit, while realizing recycling for resource, reduce matrix cost.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate, specifically includes following steps：
(1) measurement of single-matrix raw material physicochemical property
According to used base starting material, the physicochemical property of each single-matrix raw material is measured respectively；
(2) foundation of mixed substrate physicochemical property regression equation
The mixed gradient that each matrix is determined according to the number of species of mixed substrate raw material, when base starting material type≤4, often
3 mixed gradients are arranged in a kind of matrix between 0-1；As matrix species > 4, mixture is arranged in each matrix between 0-1
Gradient is：Matrix species -2；
The mixed substrate physicochemical property of different ratio is measured, and mixed substrate physicochemical property is established using multiple regression procedure
Regression equation；
(3) proportion of mixed substrate raw material is determined by regression equation
Influence coefficient according to base starting material each in regression equation to physicochemical property determines that base starting material manages mixed substrate
Change the influence of property；According to required mixed substrate physical property, determine the proportion of base starting material using regression equation, and according to than
Example is prepared；
(4) adjusting of mixed substrate EC (conductivity) value, pH value
After the completion of matrix mixture, EC is reduced by the method that clear water impregnates；Mixture is adjusted by addition diluted acid or diluted alkaline again
The pH of matrix；
(5) mixed substrate is used continuously
Mixed substrate needs to redeterminate physicochemical property after completing a cultivation period, and is mixed into new matrix and carries out
Adjustment.
Preferably, step (1) the single-matrix raw material includes any organic substrate or inorganic matrix raw material, is specifically included
Vermiculite, turf, coco bran, mushroom slag, perlite etc..
Preferably, step (1) described physicochemical property include bulk density, total porosity, water holding hole, ventilating slit, gas-water ratio,
EC value, pH value, CEC and C/N ratio.
Preferably, first that organic substrate is sufficiently decomposed before the measurement of step (1) the single-matrix raw material physicochemical property.
Preferably, step (3) proportion that mixed substrate is determined by regression equation：Wherein bulk density control is in 0.3-
0.5g/cm3。
Preferably, the adjusting of step (4) the mixed substrate EC value and pH value：Wherein EC control in 1000 μ S/cm hereinafter,
PH is controlled in 5.5-7.0.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The survey that the present invention passes through single-matrix material composition physicochemical property in mixed substrate
Fixed, the requirement according to vegetable growth to matrix key physicochemical property determines the adding proportion of each material composition in mixed substrate.This
The method of invention can according to the difference of single-matrix type or the difference of varieties of plant, determine suitable matrix mixture raw material and
Mixed ratio meets the requirement of different vegetable growthdevelopmental stage, and the matrix after mixture can effectively facilitate vegetable seedling and plant is raw
It is long, yield of vegetables and benefit are improved, while realizing recycling for resource, reduces matrix cost, and then promote answer in production
With.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 attached drawing is the mixing isogram of bulk density of the present invention；
Fig. 2 attached drawing is the mixing isogram of total porosity of the present invention；
Fig. 3 attached drawing is the mixing isogram of water holding hole of the present invention；
Fig. 4 attached drawing is the mixing isogram of ventilating slit of the present invention；
Fig. 5 attached drawing is the mixing isogram of gas-water ratio of the present invention；
Fig. 6 attached drawing is the mixing isogram of EC of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of the present invention will be with description and
It is apparent.It should be understood that described, examples are merely exemplary, does not constitute any restrictions to the scope of the present invention.This field
Technical staff should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can details to technical solution of the present invention and
Form is modified or is replaced, but these modifications or substitutions each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of embodiment vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate
(1) experimental design
A. when matrix species are less than 4 kinds
It selects " simplex lattice Method ", matrix species 3,3 mixed gradients are arranged in each matrix between 0-1, point
Not Wei 0.17,0.33 and 0.67, respectively by central point and the enhancing design of axis point, the number of following an example entirely designed is 1, final 13
Kind compounding method, the results are shown in Table 1.
The compounding method of 13 kinds of base starting materials of table
Note：Matrix mixture is using volume ratio mixture, 0.17=22ml, 0.33=43ml, 0.67=87ml, 1.0=
130ml。
B. when matrix species are greater than 4 kinds
It selects " simplex lattice Method ", matrix species 5,3 mixed gradients are arranged in each matrix between 0-1, point
Not Wei 0.25,0.5 and 0.75, respectively by central point and the enhancing design of axis point, the number of following an example entirely designed is finally obtained for 1
76 kinds of matching methods, the results are shown in Table 2.
The compounding method of 25 kinds of base starting materials of table
Note：Matrix mixture is mixed using volume ratio, 0.25=32.5ml, 0.5=65ml, 0.1=13ml, 0.6=78ml,
0.2=26ml, 0.75=97.5ml.
(2) test item and method
1. bulk density
Test procedure：The quality that volume is V=130mL plastic bottle is weighed, m is denoted as1, claim again after filling butt matter to be measured
Weight, is denoted as m2。
Calculation method：Bulk density=(m2-m1)/V
2. total porosity
Test procedure：It with above-mentioned bulk density step, is then immersed in water for 24 hours, then claims to suction the matrix and modeling after moisture
Expect the quality (m of bottle4)；Water level has to be higher than container top when adding water.
Total porosity (%)=(m4-m2)/V*100%
3. water holding hole WHP
Test procedure：With above-mentioned bulk density step, container top is bound up with gauze, upside down is in the water that can be absorbed water upwards
In slot, absorb water for 24 hours, the quality (m after claiming its suck-back foot moisture3)。
Calculation method：Water holding hole WHP (%)=(m3-m2)/V*100%
4. ventilating slit AP
Calculation method：Ventilating slit AP (%)=(m4-m3)/V*100%
5. gas-water ratio
Calculation method：Gas-water ratio=AP/WHP*100%
6. EC value and pH value
Test procedure：
A, it samples：Prepare 3 conical flasks, the 20ml butt matter from different substrates sample is put in each bottle；
B, Jia Shui：100ml distilled water is poured into the container for having installed matrix sample, water and soil ratio is 5:1.
C, stirring and standing：It is sufficiently stirred with glass bar, the EC value of survey uniform liquid after 20min is stood, after standing 30 minutes
Measure the pH value of uniform liquid.
D, it measures：Numerical value is measured with pH meter and conductivity meter, and records the data obtained.
7. matrix CEC (cation exchange capacity) is measured
Test procedure：
A, the baking substrate of 100mL is respectively weighed in 150mL conical flask from 3 different matrix sampled points.It is separately added into
30mL 0.1mol·L-1BaCl2Solution stirs 1-2min with clean glass bar, makes sample and BaCl2Solution comes into full contact with.
Later, it is sealed, is filtered with gauze.Filtrate is discarded, matrix is retained.It (is leaked out out of gauze if any a small amount of matrix, using being equipped with
A small amount of matrix in Buchner funnel is rinsed back conical flask by the wash bottle of distilled water) repetitive operation is for several times.
B, 25mL 0.1molL is pipetted respectively-1H2SO4In solution to above-mentioned 150mL conical flask.With clean glass bar
1-2min is stirred, reacts sample sufficiently with sulfuric acid solution.Later, it is filtered.Discard matrix, retain filtrate, by filtrate by
Bottle,suction is transferred to 250mL conical flask.
C, 0.1% phenolphthalein indicator of 1-2 drop is added into filtrate, then uses 0.3molL-1NaOH solution titration, with solution
Change colour (lightpink or red) and colour-fast for terminal within half a minute.Record titration scale.
D, result calculates
Cation exchange capacity (CEC)=
[C(H2SO4)×L(H2SO4)×2-C(H2SO4) × B (NaOH))] × 50/W (matrix)
In formula：
C is known sulfuric acid solution concentration；
L is the known sulfuric acid solution volume pipetted；
The NaOH solution volume that B is consumed when being titration end-point；
W is the known quality for weighing matrix.
8. matrix C/N is measured
Test procedure：
A, the full nitrogen determination of matrix (semimicro Kelvin method)
A) claim sample：Weigh air-dried matrix 1.0g；
B) sample, which disappears, boils：Sample is sent into clean Kelvin bottom of bottle portion, adds 1ml liquor potassic permanganate, gently shakes Kelvin
Bottle.It is slowly added into 2ml 1+1 sulfuric acid solution (concentrated sulfuric acid is identical with the ratio of water), rotates Kelvin bottle.After placing 5min, add
1 drop octanol.0.5g reduced iron powder is sent into Kelvin bottom of bottle portion by long neck funnel, small funnel on bottle lid rotates Kelvin bottle, makes
Iron powder is contacted with acid, when vigorous reaction stops (about 5min), Kelvin bottle is placed on electric furnace and slowly heats 45min (examination in bottle
Liquid should keep slightly boiled, not cause large quantity of moisture loss to be advisable), stop heating, after Kelvin bottle is cooling, by long neck funnel plus
1.8g accelerator (weighs 100g potassium sulfate, 10g copper sulphate (CuSO4·5H2O, 1g selenium powder are finely ground in mortar, are sufficiently mixed
It is even) and the 5ml concentrated sulfuric acid, it shakes up.Low-temperature heat, when mitigating when react in bottle (about 10~15min), improving temperature makes to disappear the examination boiled
Liquid keeps slightly boiled, and disappearing to boil temperature and flow back at bottleneck top 1/3 with sulfuric acid vapor is advisable.Disappear to boil to test solution and becomes yellowish green completely
Color is further continued for disappearing and boils 1h, cooling, to be distilled.
C) distillation of ammonia：First checked before distillation distilling apparatus whether gas leakage, and by the distillate of water pipeline cleaned (empty
It steams).After the boil liquid that disappears is cooling, the boil liquid that will disappear all is transferred in distiller, and 4~5 (total waters of Kelvin bottle are washed with a small amount
Amount is no more than 35ml) in 150ml triangular flask, 2% boric acid of 10ml-indicator mixed liquor is added, is placed on condensation pipe end, manages
Mouth is placed at 2~3cm of boric acid liquid level or more, and 20ml 10mol L is then added into distilled water bottle-1Sodium hydroxide solution enters together
Steam distillation, when liquid to be distillated accumulates about 40ml, i.e., distillation finishes, and rinses condenser pipe with the water for being adjusted to pH4.5 on a small quantity
End.
D) it titrates：With 0.01mol L-1Hydrochloric acid standard solution titrates distillate, and being titrated to from blue-green just becomes reddish violet.
The volume (ml) of record sour standard solution used.
E) result calculates
Full nitrogen (g kg-1)=(V-V0) * c*0.014*1000/m
In formula：When V-titration test solution it is used acid standard solution volume, ml；
When V0-titration blank it is used acid standard solution volume, ml；
MM quality of 0.014-nitrogen-atoms, g；
C-acid concentration of standard solution, mol L-1；
M-drying sample mass, g；
B, the organic carbon content measurement of matrix (potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution oxidizing process)
A) claim sample：Air-dried matrix 1.00g is weighed, is put into dry hard test tube, 0.13mol is accurately added with pipette
L-1Potassium bichromate solution 10ml, then concentrated sulfuric acid 10ml is added with graduated cylinder, it is careful to shake.
B) oil bath is boiled：Test tube is inserted into wire mesh cage, is put into the oil bath pan between being previously heated to 185~190 DEG C, this
Shi Wendu is controlled between 170~180 DEG C, when largely occurring bubble since in test tube timing, keep solution to boil 5min, take
Wire mesh cage out after slightly cooling down for test tube, with oil liquid outside toilet paper wiped clean test tube, cools.
C) after cooling, tube contents are washed in the triangular flask of 250ml, make the total volume of solution up to 60~80ml,
Acidity is 2~3mol L-1, the drop of o-phenanthrolin indicator 3~5 is added and shakes up.
D) it is titrated with the ferrous sulfate solution of standard, solution colour is changed to by orange (or yellow green) through green, celadon
Brownish red is terminal.
E) result calculates
In formula：C --- indicate that ferrous sulfate consumes molar concentration (mol L-1)；
V0--- blank test consume ferrous sulfate solution volume (ml)；
V --- titrate the volume (ml) of the ferrous sulfate of soil sample consumption to be measured；
0.003 --- the grams of 1/4mmol carbon.
C, matrix C/N is calculated
The organic carbon amounts of matrix C/N=/full nitrogen.
(3) linear regression analysis
1. table 1 is numbered by operation sequence, physical and chemical property determining is carried out.
The test result of the physicochemical property of different ratio matrix, is shown in Table 2.
25 kinds of base starting materials of table press the physicochemical property of different ratio mixed substrate
2. table 2 is normalized, table 3 is obtained.
3 physicochemical property normalized of table
(4) linear relationship between different ratio matrix and physicochemical property
1. bulk density and the linear relationship of different ratio matrix are as shown in table 4.
The linear relationship of table 4 bulk density and different mixed substrates
The mixing isogram of bulk density, as shown in Figure 1.
It can be seen that turf and mushroom slag are affected to bulk density by table 4 and Fig. 1, vermiculite influence is smaller, and is all positively correlated；Cause
This, will control bulk density, should mainly control the amount of turf and mushroom slag.
2. the linear relationship of total porosity and different ratio matrix, as shown in table 5.
The linear relationship of table 5 total porosity and different mixed substrates
The mixing isogram of total porosity, as shown in Figure 2.
It can be seen that perlite is affected to total porosity by table 5 and Fig. 2, vermiculite, turf influence are smaller, and all at negative
Correlation, total porosity reduce with the increase of perlite amount；Therefore, total porosity is controlled, perlite should be mainly controlled
Amount.
3. the linear relationship of water holding hole and different ratio matrix, as shown in table 6.
The linear relationship of table 6 water holding hole and different mixed substrates
The mixing isogram of water holding hole, as shown in Figure 3.
It can be seen that by table 6 and Fig. 3, vermiculite, coco bran, perlite is larger to water holding standoff effects, and vermiculite, coco bran and water holding
Gap is positively correlated, and perlite is negatively correlated with water holding gap；Therefore, control vermiculite, coco bran and perlite can mainly be passed through
It measures to control the size of mixed substrate water holding hole.
4. the linear relationship of ventilating slit and different ratio matrix, as shown in table 7.
The linear relationship of table 7 ventilating slit and different mixed substrates
The mixing isogram of ventilating slit, as shown in Figure 4.
It can be seen that vermiculite, coco bran is affected to ventilating slit by table 7 and Fig. 4, and be negatively correlated；Mushroom slag is to venthole
Gap influence is smaller, is positively correlated；Therefore, ventilating slit mainly can be controlled by the amount of control vermiculite, coco bran.
5. the linear relationship of gas-water ratio and different ratio matrix, as shown in table 8.
The linear relationship of table 8 gas-water ratio and different ratio matrix
The mixing isogram of gas-water ratio, as shown in Figure 5.
It can be seen that vermiculite, coco bran is affected to gas-water ratio by table 8 and Fig. 5, turf is smaller on gas-water ratio influence, and all
It is negatively correlated；Therefore, gas-water ratio mainly can be controlled by the amount of control vermiculite, coco bran.
6. the linear relationship of EC value and different ratio matrix, as shown in table 9.
The linear relationship of table 9 EC and different ratio matrix
The mixing isogram of EC, as shown in Figure 6.
Can be seen that by table 9 and Fig. 6, mushroom slag, turf, coco bran on EC value influence it is all larger, mushroom slag influence it is most obvious, and all with
EC is positively correlated；Therefore, the EC of mixed substrate mainly can be controlled by controlling the amount of mushroom slag.
(5) by above-mentioned regression equation, improvement physicochemical property is adjusted by controlling to adjust the amount of matrix, as a result such as table 10
It is shown；Go out the approximate matrix of physicochemical property using different substrate compositions, as a result as shown in table 11.
10 matrix formulations of table are with bulk density and gas-water ratio changing rule table
The matrix formulations of the approximate physicochemical property of table 11
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.To the upper of the disclosed embodiments
It states bright, enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.Various modifications to these embodiments are to ability
Will be apparent for the professional technician in domain, the general principles defined herein can not depart from it is of the invention
In the case where spirit or scope, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention be not intended to be limited to it is shown in this article these
Embodiment, and it is to fit to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate, which is characterized in that specifically include following steps：
(1) measurement of single-matrix raw material physicochemical property
According to used base starting material, the physicochemical property of each single-matrix raw material is measured respectively；
(2) foundation of mixed substrate physicochemical property regression equation
The mixed gradient that each matrix is determined according to the number of species of mixed substrate raw material, when base starting material type≤4, each
3 mixed gradients are arranged in matrix between 0-1；As matrix species > 4, mixed gradient is arranged in each matrix between 0-1
For：Matrix species -2；
The mixed substrate physicochemical property of different ratio is measured, and the recurrence of mixed substrate physicochemical property is established using multiple regression procedure
Equation；
(3) proportion of mixed substrate raw material is determined by regression equation
Influence coefficient according to base starting material each in regression equation to physicochemical property determines each base starting material to mixed substrate physics and chemistry
The influence of property；The matrix physical property according to needed for vegetable growth, determines the proportion of base starting material using regression equation, and according to
Ratio is prepared；
(4) adjusting of mixed substrate EC value, pH value
After the completion of matrix mixture, EC is reduced by the method that clear water impregnates；Mixed substrate is adjusted by addition diluted acid or diluted alkaline again
PH；
(5) mixed substrate is used continuously
Mixed substrate needs to redeterminate physicochemical property, and be mixed into new matrix and be adjusted after completing a cultivation period.
2. a kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) the single-matrix raw material includes any organic substrate or inorganic matrix raw material.
3. a kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) physicochemical property includes bulk density, total porosity, water holding hole, ventilating slit, gas-water ratio, EC value, pH value, CEC and C/N
Than.
4. a kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) first that organic substrate is sufficiently decomposed before the measurement of the single-matrix raw material physicochemical property.
5. a kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(3) proportion that mixed substrate is determined by regression equation：Wherein bulk density control is in 0.3-0.5g/cm3。
6. a kind of preparation method of vegetable soilless culture mixed substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(4) adjusting of the mixed substrate EC value and pH value：Wherein pH control controls below 1000 μ S/cm in 5.5-7.0, EC.
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