KR101214897B1 - Total soil composition having the effects of compost, soil conditioner and fertilizer, and preparation method of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A total soil composition with compost, soil improvement, and fertilizing effects, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to provide initial nutrients of seeds, and to prevent the generation of fermentation gas. CONSTITUTION: A total soil composition comprises coco peat, peat moss, a soil conditioner, and a chemical fertilizer containing calcium nitrate. The soil conditioner includes a mixture of silicate fertilizer, oyster shell fertilizer, zeolite, and pearlite. A manufacturing method of the chemical fertilizer comprises a step of dissolving an inorganic mixture of calcium nitrate with an inorganic mixture of MgO, SO3, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, and Mo in water. The total soil composition has pH of 8.62, EC 1.74 and the content of 25.2% of organic material, 0.3% of T-N, 0.13% of Av-P2O5, 1.05% of K2O, 17.2% of CaO, 29.0% of SiO2, 0.77% of MgO, 21.6mg/kg of B2O3, 14.9mg/kg of MnO, and 3.7mg/kg of ZnO. A content of the peat moss is 1-60 weight%, the content of the coco peat is 1-70 wt% and the content of the soil conditioner is 1-90 weight%. [Reference numerals] (AA) Embodiment 1; (BB) Comparative embodiment 1; (CC) Comparative embodiment 2

Description

Total soil composition having the effects of compost, soil conditioner and fertilizer, and preparation method of the same}

The present invention relates to a composite soil composition having a compost, soil improvement and fertilizer effect at the same time, and to a method for manufacturing the same, more specifically, to increase the organic matter content in the soil, fertilizers and physics of the soil to provide a nutrient supply effect to the crop The present invention relates to a composite soil composition having a soil improving agent effect of improving chemical properties, acidity, and the like, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Soil is a rock that has undergone physical and chemical changes due to weathering of the terrain and climate for many years. Human beings settled in fertile soil and cultivated grain to achieve settlement and prosperity. Soils have vital organic properties that undergo physical, chemical, and biological changes in the soil as they grow and age. An ideal soil would contain about 45% solids, about 5% organics, about 25% liquid, and about 25% air. In order to have such distribution, organic matter in the soil plays a huge role, so farmers are trying to apply organic farm materials that are excellent in organic matter effect and safe for the soil environment.

Paddy soils in Korea have problems with acid soils and lack of effective silica, and field soils have problems with acid soils and organic matters. Currently, the government provides subsidies for siliceous fertilizers for improving soils and for improving soil soils. I am paying. It also supports compost and organic fertilizers to address the shortage of organic matter in the soil.

However, the siliceous fertilizers, which are provided free of charge by the government, are reluctant to use them because of difficulty in fertilizer application and no immediate effect on crop growth like chemical fertilizers. In addition, lime fertilizers, which are provided for the improvement of acidic soils, are aware of the necessity of application by most farmers, but they cannot be easily applied to the whole farmland due to the absolute lack of subsidies.

Most non-foresting facilities have been cultivating a single crop for more than 10 years, causing problems such as excessive accumulation of nutrients in the soil, unbalanced nutrients such as the lack of individual nutrients in the soil, and crop damage due to poor composting. .

Nutrient overload and nutrient imbalance in the facility house soils are not enough for cultivated crops due to the use of a single crop, while unfavorable nutrients remain, resulting in unbalanced nutrients and accumulation of nutrients due to long-term and over-application of chemical fertilizers. The situation is adversely affecting the crop roots. Since compost is temporarily fertilized in spring, it becomes a safe product only after a certain period of fermentation and maturation of raw materials.However, products with insufficient fermentation can cause odor, gas, harmful heavy metals, soil pathogens and damage crops. Is given. Therefore, the government has regulated the commodity items through the fertilizer process standards, such as raw materials, minimum content of organic matter, maximum amount of harmful ingredients, C / N ratio, salinity, moisture, etc. There is a limit in providing timely and stable compost products to farms due to the practical difficulty in securing storage facilities for homes and housing.

Comprehensive soil material, which has compost, soil improver and fertilizer effects, has not been developed until now. As related technologies, Korean Patent Publication No. 1996-4297, Korean Patent Publication No. 1984-4046, Korean Patent Publication No. 2002-0087705 refer to siliceous fertilizer, Korean Patent Publication No. 1999-0085362, and Korean Patent Registration Korean Patent No. 0726385 discloses a calcined fertilizer, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2006-0101048, and Korean Patent Publication No. 2001-0099094 describe the soil composition using waste fossil fertilizers alone.

Meanwhile, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-0056373 proposes a method for producing non-fermented compost and organic fertilizers by mixing amino acid fermentation by-products and chemical fertilizers with pit moss, but this method smells and smells due to amino acid fermentation by-products. As such, high pH and long-term high temperature conditions are likely to generate gas in the soil, thus limiting its use and incapable of exhibiting a soil improver effect.

In addition, the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2011-0077703 proposed a method of mixing the organic fertilizers such as castor, rice and rice bran in coco peat, pit, palm foil and fermentation by adding microbial promoter to make fertilizer, but the equipment and facilities to ferment fermentation This is necessary and has the disadvantage that it can not exert the fertilizer effect and soil improver effect.

Therefore, by developing a composite soil material that exhibits compost, soil improver, and fertilizer effects simultaneously, it is possible to simultaneously fertilize without having to fertilize each ingredient with its own characteristics. The need for development is greater than ever.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to increase the organic matter content in the soil, the fertilizer gas does not generate a compost effect and soil improvement effect and at the same time excellent soil composition and excellent fertilizer effect that can supply the initial nutrients required for crop growth and its production To provide a way.

In order to achieve the above object,

A comprehensive soil composition is provided comprising cocofit, pitmouth and soil improver.

Also,

(1) weighing cocoate, peatmouth and soil modifiers and sending them to the mixer for mixing in the mixer;

(2) screening homogeneous products by removing foreign substances and particles of excessive size; And

(3) storing and packing the product in the product storage hopper

It provides a method for producing a comprehensive soil composition comprising a.

The composite soil composition according to the present invention has excellent composting effect and soil improvement effect such as the amount of harmful components such as heavy metals in the raw material is very low, the organic matter content in the soil is not increased, and no fermentation gas is generated without sharply increasing the nutrient content in the soil. At the same time, the fertilizer effect is excellent for supplying the initial nutrients necessary for crop growth, and it is possible to grant three functions simultaneously with one fertilization.Therefore, there is no need to separate fertilization according to each component. It can be an effective solution to the problem.

1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the manufacturing process of coco pit, a component used in the present invention.
Figure 2 is a process chart showing in detail an example of the manufacturing process of the composite soil composition according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is a photograph showing the grass cultivation test results according to Test Example 1 and Comparative Test Examples 1, 2.
Figure 4 is a photograph showing the dolsangat cultivation test results according to Test Example 2 and Comparative Test Example 3.
Figure 5 is a photograph showing the results of pepper and tomato cultivation test according to Test Example 4.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings as follows.

The composite soil composition according to the present invention comprises cocoite, peatmouth and soil improver.

At this time, each of the content is preferably 1 to 60% by weight, 1 to 70% by weight of coco peat and 1 to 90% by weight soil improver.

The soil improving agent used in the present invention may be different depending on the type of crop and soil, and specifically, siliceous fertilizer, wollastonite fertilizer, slag siliceous, calcite fertilizer, zeolite, pearlite, hydrated lime, limestone, lime goto, Busan hydrated lime, One or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of Busan lime, gypsum fertilizer, calcareous fertilizer, diatomaceous earth, guano and blood meal can be used.

For example, it is preferable to use a mixture of siliceous fertilizer, calcite fertilizer, zeolite and perlite as a soil improver for plants and crops that require a lot of Si components,

For crops that require a lot of calcium, it is preferable to use a mixture of slaked lime, calcite fertilizer, zeolite and pearlite as soil improver,

For organic crops in need of organic soil, it is preferable to use a mixture of zeolite, calcite fertilizer, guano and pearlite as soil improving agent.

However, various combinations of compositions other than those exemplified above may be freely selected and changed by those skilled in the art according to desired crops or soils, and all of them should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

In addition, the composite soil composition according to the present invention may further use a chemical fertilizer to more smoothly supply the initial nutrients of the crop. The chemical fertilizer used at this time is preferably contained in 10% by weight or less of the total composition.

In addition, the method for producing a composite soil composition according to the present invention

(1) weighing cocoate, peatmouth and soil modifiers and sending them to the mixer for mixing in the mixer;

(2) screening homogeneous products by removing foreign substances and particles of excessive size; And

(3) storing and packing the product in the product storage hopper

.

At this time, it is also included in the scope of the present invention to further include a chemical fertilizer in the step (1) in order to facilitate the initial nutrient supply of the crop.

Hereinafter, each component used in the present invention will be described in more detail.

In the present invention, in order to exhibit organic effects such as compost, coco peat and peat moss mainly used as raw materials of the top soil are used.

Among them, cocopeat eroded debris by-products extracted from palm oil and palm fiber from coconut, which is the fruit of palm tree, the main tree in the tropics (Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Philippines, etc.) Refers to the standardized product. 1 shows a detail of such a cocoite production process.

The characteristics of these cocoites are as follows.

① 100% natural coconut fiber soil, no environmental pollution.

② good breathability, conservative power, bobby power is good for root growth.

③ The value is cheaper and easier to handle than other soils.

④ Increase the absorption of solar heat by changing the soil to dark brown or earthy color.

⑤ It is rich in neutralizing material (Ca + Mg) that fixes soil acidity between 5.5 ~ 6.5.

⑥ When mixed with water, the volume expands up to 4 ~ 5 times and is easy to use.

⑦ Promote the activity of soil microorganisms to promote useful chemical reactions in the soil.

⑧ It does not decay in soil for a long time to improve the physical properties of the soil.

⑨ Cocofit is an inert fibrous component such as lignin and cellulose chemically and contains considerable organic nutrients and trace elements.

⑩ Physically, repair, baud, air permeability and absorbency are good, pH is 5.5 ~ 6.5, EC (Electro Conductivity) is 0.4 or less and there is no toxicity or odor.

가격 Low price compared to organic matter content.

Another component used in the present invention, peat moss, refers to organic matter deposited for a long time anaerobicly by an elevated groundwater level of plants such as aquatic plants, reeds, and moss in swamps about 3,000 years ago. Pitmos has the following characteristics:

① Nitrogen contains 0.6 ~ 1.4% and can supply many nitrogen components to crops.

② It has water absorption capacity of 16 ~ 24 times in dry weight ratio and increases water holding capacity in soil.

③ It has a high cation substitution capacity (CEC), which is excellent in the ability to adsorb fertilizer components.

④ It is in a state of organic carbon that is stable for decomposition in soil, so that the maintenance of physicochemical properties is sustainable for a long time.

⑤ Produced in the humid place of cold districts, it is free of filamentous bacteria, bacteria, pests and weed seeds and is easy to handle.

⑥ It prevents hardening of soil and has no toxicity or odor.

Pitmos is mainly buried in cold regions such as North America, Northern Europe, Siberia and Alaska, and is widely used as organic fertilizer and topsoil.

In order to show the soil improving agent and fertilizer nutrient effect in the present invention, siliceous fertilizer, wollastonite fertilizer, slag siliceous, calcite fertilizer, zeolite, pearlite, calcareous lime, limestone, lime goto, Busan calcined lime, Busan lime, gypsum fertilizer, calcareous fertilizer, diatomaceous earth , Guano and blood powder. Some of these important details will be described in detail below.

Calcareous fertilizers are needed for crops that require improved soil pH and high calcium content, and siliceous fertilizers are needed for hydroponic crops that require improved pH and silicic acid content.

Fossil fertilizer is a fertilizer obtained by calcining and crushing the southern coastal oyster shell. It contains not only calcium but also trace elements, and it is not only soil improvement but also 13 nutrients except carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from the air and water. It can supply most of (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cu, Cl), which is very effective in supplying nutrients of organic crops. Table 1 below is an example of the analysis table of petroleum fertilizers.

Item result unit Alkaline powder 51.4 % Powder figure 1.7mm pass 100 % 0.6 mm pass 99.8 nitrogen 0.06 % Phosphoric Acid 0.19 % weir 0.08 % lime 50.5 % Goto 0.5 % Silicic acid 0.15 % boron 43.2 mg / kg manganese 101 mg / kg iron 880 mg / kg zinc 25.3 mg / kg

General crops, which are insufficient as fertilizer nutrients for calcite fertilizers, need to be supplied with chemical fertilizers to provide sufficient nutrients for crops.

Zeolite generally refers to hydrous silicate minerals containing alkali metals such as sodium and potassium and alkaline earth metals such as calcium and containing water molecules in the form of crystal water. Zeolites have a unique pore structure that is connected by surface pores of 2 to 10 microns in size, and there are currently about 46 kinds of natural zeolites and about 200 kinds of synthetic zeolites. In order to compensate for the fine pore structure and the charge deficiency caused by the substitution of Al ₃ in part of Si _{4 in} the (Si, Al) O ₄ tetrahedron, cations are easily introduced into the structure, and the repairability is excellent and 200 to 400 meq / 100 g. It is excellent in displaceable cationic capacity (CEC).

Pearlite is a kind of rhyolite rock, which is produced by expanding 10 ~ 20 times the evaporation pressure generated by binding water from light gray with pearlescent to dark gray, brown, green and black pearlstone at 870 ~ 1100 ℃. . Pearlite is mainly used for poorly drained soils because it provides a good air supply.

The present invention can be divided into different soil modifiers and types of crops so as to make the most suitable soil conditions for crop growth by varying the mixing ratios and types of raw materials according to the types of crops and soils, and to stably supply the nutrients required for crops. Developed by.

Method for producing a composite soil composition according to the present invention is largely divided as shown in Figure 2 is a raw material mixing step, product selection step of adjusting the foreign matter and particle size, finished product storage step, product packaging and loading step of the product shipping step Go through.

Hereinafter, the synthetic soil composition according to the present invention and its manufacturing method will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the following Examples.

[ Example ]

Manufacturing example  One. Si  Comprehensive soil composition for plants and crops

130 kg of ground cocoite, 76 kg of spongy peat moss are sent to the mixer, and 200 kg of zeolite, 16 kg of pearlite, 120 kg of siliceous fertilizer and 84 kg of calcite fertilizer are accurately weighed and sent to the mixer through a conveyor belt to mix well with coco peat and peat moss. Mix in zero gravity mixer for about 2 minutes. Chemical fertilizer is 400kg of water, 17kg of calcium nitrate, 18-18-18 + 3MgO + TE (SO ₃ 4.6%, Cu 16mg / kg, Zn 14mg / kg, Fe 70mg / kg, B 22mg / kg, Mn 42mg / kg, Dissolve 125kg of Mo 14mg / kg) (manufactured by Hifar, Israel) and store it in a storage tank. Then weigh 36kg accurately and send it to a zero gravity mixer to mix.

In order to remove large raw materials and foreign substances larger than 4mm, the products were stored in a product storage hopper through a screening facility, and a composite soil composition for plants and crops, which required a lot of Si components, was finally manufactured through a PE bag packing facility. Table 2 shows the results of analyzing the composite soil composition for plants and crops, which requires a lot of Si components obtained in Preparation Example 1.

pH EC Organic matter (%) TN
(%) Av-P2O5
(%) K2O
(%) CaO
(%) SiO2
(%) MgO
(%) B2O3
(mg / kg) MnO
(mg / kg) ZnO
(mg / kg) 8.62 1.74 25.2 0.3 0.13 1.05 17.2 29.0 0.77 21.6 14.9 3.7

Manufacturing example  2. Comprehensive Soil Composition for Field Crops Requiring Calcium

In the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, 120 kg of hydrated lime was added in place of siliceous fertilizer to prepare a comprehensive soil composition for field crops that requires a calcium component. Table 3 shows the results of analyzing the composite soil composition for field crops, which requires a lot of calcium components obtained in Preparation Example 2.

pH EC Organic matter (%) TN
(%) Av-P2O5
(%) K2O
(%) CaO
(%) SiO2
(%) MgO
(%) B2O3
(mg / kg) MnO
(mg / kg) ZnO
(mg / kg) 11.3 2.1 25.1 0.24 0.12 1.12 10.23 24.2 0.40 20.1 14.1 12.5

Preparation Example 3 Composite Soil Composition for Field Crops Requiring High Organic Matter

130 kg of ground cocoite and 171 kg of spongy peat moss are sent to the mixer, 50 kg of zeolite is accurately weighed and sent to the mixer through a conveyor belt and mixed in a zero gravity mixer for about 2 minutes to mix well. Chemical fertilizer is dissolved in 400kg of water, 20kg of calcium nitrate, 100kg of 18-18-18 + 3Mgo + TE and stored in the storage tank. 36kg is accurately weighed and sent to the zero gravity mixer. Table 4 shows the results of analyzing the composite soil composition for field crops, which requires a lot of organic matter components obtained in Preparation Example 3.

pH EC Organic matter (%) TN
(%) Av-P2O5
(%) K2O
(%) CaO
(%) SiO2
(%) MgO
(%) B2O3
(mg / kg) MnO
(mg / kg) ZnO
(mg / kg) 6.2 1.2 91.0 0.77 0.21 0.61 0.54 9.23 0.13 9.77 0.19 0.07

Manufacturing example  4. Comprehensive Soil Composition for Organic Crops

266 kg of spun peat moss, 200 kg of zeolite, 84 kg of crushed stone, 2 kg of guano, and 25 kg of pearlite were accurately weighed and sent to the mixer through a conveyor belt to mix well in a weightless mixer for about 2 minutes to prepare a composite soil agricultural material for organic crops. At this time, no chemical fertilizer was used. Table 5 shows the results of analyzing the composite soil composition for organic crops obtained in Preparation Example 4.

pH EC Organic matter (%) TN
(%) Av-P2O5
(%) K2O
(%) CaO
(%) SiO2
(%) MgO
(%) B2O3
(mg / kg) MnO
(mg / kg) ZnO
(mg / kg) 6.8 2.09 26.8 0.56 0.13 0.23 10.5 25.0 0.32 13.2 8.9 2.8

Test Example  One. Si  Comprehensive soil composition manufacturing requiring a lot of ingredients

In order to determine whether the prototype of the present invention has a similar effect to the commercially available soil modifier, a sample prepared by the method of Preparation Example 1 was prepared from rice seedlings (60 cm (length) x 30 cm (wide) x 3 cm (depth)). And the grass was transplanted on March 10, 2011 to check the growth effect on August 10, 2011.

compare Test Example 1

Using a commercially available zeolite (Lexem Co., Ltd.) sample, the grass cultivation test was carried out in the same amount and in the same manner as in Test Example 1.

compare Test Example  2

The grass cultivation test was carried out in the same amount and in the same manner as in Test Example 1 using a commercially available non-lipto (product made by mixing zeolite and humic acid) as a soil improving agent.

As a result of the test as described above, the grass root formation was superior to other comparative products as shown in FIG. 3, and the ground growth was also excellent. Table 6 shows the results of the grass growth according to Test Example 1 and Comparative Test Examples 1 and 2.

division Leaf Color (SPAD) Above ground live weight (g) In ground part building (g) Extra long (cm) Remarks Test Example 1 27.9 75 40 189 Comparative Test Example 1 26.4 35 18 161 Comparative Test Example 2 27.8 40 19 150

Test Example  2. Ca  Comprehensive soil composition manufacturing requiring a lot of ingredients

400 kg of the sample prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2 was fertilized to sample the entire layer so as to mix well with soil in an area of 200 m ^{2 in a} pilot farm in Gyeongbuk. Cultivated crops were planted on Dolsangat seedlings on March 23, and fertilizer treatment and growth management were carried out in accordance with RDA standard cultivation methods.

Test Example  3. Ca  Comprehensive soil composition manufacturing requiring a lot of ingredients

Crop cultivation test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 2, the samples prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 3.

compare Test Example 3 . General compost use

In order to determine whether the composition of the present invention has an excellent effect equal to or higher than that of a commercial compost, Samsol compost (manufactured by Samsol Farming Combination) was subjected to a crop cultivation test in the same amount and in the same manner as in Test Example 2.

The test results showed that the composition product of the present invention was much better than the comparative prototype as shown in FIGS.

division Organic matter content in soil (%) Leaf color
(SPAD) Plant height
(cm) Average live weight (g / ea) Before planting After harvest Test Example 2 2.2 3.7 46.28 38.0 405 Test Example 3 2.2 3.5 44.68 37.4 369 Comparative Test Example 3 2.2 2.0 44.79 36.8 347

Test Example  4. Preparation of Comprehensive Soil Composition for Organic Crops

In order to determine whether the composition of the present invention has an excellent effect equal to or higher than commercial organic compost, 67 g of a sample prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 4 and 9 kg of general field soil were put in a Wagner pot (1 / 3,000a). The mixture of peppers and tomatoes was formalized on March 16, 2011. Chemical fertilization and growth management was carried out in a crop cultivation test according to the RDA standard cultivation method, with peppers on August 10 and tomatoes on July 15. Harvest was completed.

compare Test Example 4 . Organic Compost Use

'Whale Room' organic compost, which is currently listed on the list of eco-friendly organic materials, was used, and the method of use and the dosage were treated in the same manner as in Test Example 4, and the crop cultivation test was conducted.

As a result of the test, as shown in Fig. 5 and Table 8, the composition of the present invention was significantly superior to the comparative product, and the composition of the present invention was confirmed to have sufficient effect as an organic compost substitute.

division pepper tomato Organic matter content in soil (%) Plant height
(cm) Leaf color
(SPAD) purchase
(g) Organic matter content in soil (%) Plant height
(cm) Leaf color
(SPAD) purchase
(kg)
Before planting After planting Before planting After planting Test Example 4 2.4 3.4 108 52.6 417 2.4 3.1 106 45.7 12.4 Comparative Test Example 4 2.4 2.7 97 46.9 350 2.4 2.5 100 41.5 11.7

In the above, the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention can be variously modified and changed by those skilled in the art and such modifications and changes should be construed as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention. will be.

Claims (11)

Cocofit; Pittmouth; Soil modifier consisting of a mixture of siliceous fertilizer, calcite fertilizer, zeolite and pearlite; And a chemical fertilizer containing calcium nitrate obtained by dissolving an inorganic mixture of calcium nitrate and MgO, SO ₃ , Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Mo in water, pH 8.62, EC 1.74, 25.2% organic matter, TN 0.3%, Av-P ₂ O ₅ 0.13%, K ₂ O 1.05%, CaO 17.2%, SiO ₂ 29.0%, MgO 0.77%, B ₂ O ₃ 21.6 mg / kg, MnO 14.9 mg / kg, ZnO 3.7 mg A composite soil composition for plants and crops having a content of / kg and having a compost, soil improvement and fertilizer effect simultaneously.
The composite soil composition for plant and crop of claim 1, wherein the pitmouth is in a range of 1 to 60% by weight, the cocoite is 1 to 70% by weight, and the soil improving agent is in a range of 1 to 90% by weight.
delete delete delete delete delete delete delete (1) cocoite; Pittmouth; Soil modifier consisting of a mixture of siliceous fertilizer, calcite fertilizer, zeolite and pearlite; And measuring a chemical fertilizer containing calcium nitrate obtained by dissolving an inorganic mixture of calcium nitrate and MgO, SO ₃ , Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Mo in water, and sending it to a mixer and mixing in a mixer.
(2) screening homogeneous products by removing foreign substances and particles of excessive size; And
(3) storing and packing the product in the product storage hopper
PH 8.62, EC 1.74, organics 25.2%, TN 0.3%, Av-P ₂ O ₅ 0.13%, K ₂ O 1.05%, CaO 17.2%, SiO ₂ 29.0%, MgO 0.77%, B ₂ O ₃ 21.6 mg / kg, MnO 14.9 mg / kg, ZnO 3.7 mg / kg and have a compost effect, soil improvement effect and fertilizer effect at the same time to produce a composite soil composition for plants and crops. delete

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