JP5656367B2 - How to prevent the disappearance of culture soil when transplanting sugar beet seedlings - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for preventing the disappearance of culture medium at the time of transplanting a paper tube seedling of sugar beet.

Currently, most of the sugar beet is grown in paper tube transplants. In recent years, vegetable farmers who use paper cylinders for raising seedlings, Hokkaido sugar beet growers, etc., have been steadily expanding in scale, and the number of workers who are engaged in labor is often entrusted to women and the elderly. For this reason, the demand for weight reduction of the seedling culture medium for paper tubes is strong. Conventionally, field soil or purchased medium is used as soil for paper cylinders, but there are various problems such as heavy weight and expensive purchase price. In order to compensate for these disadvantages, the selection conditions for the medium material for the paper tube are as follows: (1) It is available in large quantities and is inexpensive, (2) Light weight, and (3) Good seedlings It is necessary to select on the condition that growth is obtained. In addition, since the application is a paper tube culture medium, a specific performance is required. In particular, a mechanized work system has been established for paper tube transplantation cultivation of sugar beet, and in recent years, the performance and speed of the transplanter have been remarkably increased. Is a problem. It has been shown that soil breakthrough from a paper tube affects the initial growth of sugar beet, so it is necessary to prevent it as much as possible.
Conventionally, biodegradable resin, rice husk, coconut husk, peat, etc. are mixed in the soil and used as a lightweight medium, but this has a poor germination rate and uneven seedling size, Because of its high price, weight reduction could not be achieved.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing the disappearance of the culture soil at the time of transplanting a paper tube seedling of sugar beet, and with a light medium, the initial germination at the time of seedling is good, the growth of the seedling is good, and the healthy seedling is healthy The purpose is to be able to make seedlings.

  As a result of intensive studies on the method for preventing the disappearance of the culture medium when transplanting sugar beet seedlings, the present inventors have adjusted the absolute water content of the crushed rice husk to 8 to 34 ml / 100 ml as a first invention. A method for reducing the disappearance of soil from a paper tube at the time of transplanting of sugar beet seedlings, which is characterized by growing sugar beet seedlings using a mixture of soil and fertilizer as a medium, was created. And it is preferable that the volume ratio of crushed rice husk and soil is 6 to 4. Furthermore, the soil is dry volcanic soil, mixing peat as a medium improver, adjusting the absolute water content of the crushed rice husk to 24 ml / 100 ml, transplanting sugar beet seedlings with a fully automatic transplanter However, this is a more preferable form of the method for preventing the disappearance of the culture soil at the time of transplanting the paper tube seedling of sugar beet. The blending ratio of each of these materials produces a better effect as a method for preventing the disappearance of the culture soil when transplanting sugar beet seedlings.

Since the crushed rice husk can be easily obtained and used as a seedling culture medium as a substitute for soil, the amount of soil can be reduced, and the medium can be significantly reduced in weight. The soil used for the seedling culture medium is soil that does not cause the occurrence of pests or pests, or soil that has been treated with chemicals or heat to remove the effects of pests, etc., and adjusted to a moisture content of about 15 to 35% by weight. Any soil can be used. In addition, crushed rice husks are suitable for those obtained by adjusting unfermented rice husks to a volume weight of about 24 to 40 g / 100 ml using a rice husk refiner (such as a mashing method, a fine pulverizing method, or a pulverizing and expanding method) Use crushed rice husk with a uniform amount of water added. The crushed husk produced by any method is applicable to the crushed husk of the present invention as long as the absolute water content is 8 to 34 ml / 100 ml. Further, a more preferable absolute water content of the crushed husk is 14 to 34 ml / 100 ml, and a most preferable absolute water content of the crushed husk is 17 to 34 ml / 100 ml.
As the medium improving material to be mixed with the medium, those having excellent water retention and fertilizing properties are used to improve the germination rate. In addition, animal and vegetable materials and clay mineral materials are used as the medium improving material, but from peat (adjusted peat), peat moss, black peat, zeolite, bentonite, vermiculite, charcoal, rice husk charcoal, compost, animal fertilizer One or two or more selected ones can be used. Examples of compost include bark compost, chicken manure compost, cow manure compost, pig manure compost, and horse manure compost. Animal fertilizers include blood meal, fish meal and bone meal. However, any medium improving material can be used as long as it is useful for improving moisture retention and fertilizer retention.

The absolute water content is the absolute amount of water contained in the capacity or weight of the crushed rice husk. That is, it is the sum of the amount of water contained in the crushed rice husk main body and the amount of water added later.
The measurement of water may be a general measurement method such as soil moisture. For example, it is possible to obtain the difference in weight before and after drying by leaving it in a drying furnace at 105 ° C. for 48 hours.
The moisture measurement of cereals is performed according to the standard of “5 g grinding-105 ° C.-5 hours method” defined in the Food Agency: Standard Measurement Method (1981). Since this criterion also targets cocoons, it can be seen that the crushed husks can be sufficiently dried under conditions of 105 ° C. and 5 hours. Therefore, as described above, the dried rice husk is more reliably dried by drying under the condition of “105 ° C.-48 hours”, which is longer than the drying time of 5 hours (this is also the condition for measuring the moisture content of the soil). Is done.

  The seedling culture medium of the present invention is not limited to the use of seedling culture media for paper tubes such as beets (vegetables), vegetables, and flower buds, but also plants (cabbage, spinach, broccoli, lettuce and other vegetables, chrysanthemums, carnations, turkeys) It is also suitable for raising seedlings of block seedlings of cereals such as flower buds and soybeans, and the seedlings grown in this medium are firmly blocked, and the collapse of the medium during transplantation can be prevented.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below.

Using a commercially available rice husk crushing device (Kitakawa Tekko Co., Ltd., Milkle Mini GMG150 type), unfermented rice husk (about 10% by weight) obtained from a farmer was repeatedly crushed twice, and the particle size distribution shown in Table 1 A crushed rice husk was created. Moreover, the pulverized rice husk produced from the rice center (water content of about 12% by weight) was obtained and crushed once by the above-mentioned pulverizer to prepare the crushed rice husk having the particle size distribution shown in Table 2.

  Water 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 ml were uniformly added to 100 ml of crushed husks in Table 1 to prepare crushed husks containing water. The absolute water content of the crushed rice husk at that time was 4, 10, 17, 25, and 32 ml / 100 ml.

  Water (4, 10, 20, 30, 40 ml) was uniformly added to 100 ml of the crushed rice husk of Table 2 to prepare a crushed rice husk containing water. The absolute water content of the crushed rice husk at that time was 8, 14, 24, 34, 44 ml / 100 ml.

  By changing the absolute water content of the crushed rice husks, a seedling culture medium was prepared by mixing soil: black boiled soil (water content of about 30%) and crushed husks in a volume ratio of 4 to 6, and the germination rate of sugar beet was investigated. In addition, the seedling raising method was performed according to the common seedling raising method of sugar beet. The results are shown in Table 3.

  Looking at the germination rate, the absolute water content (ml / 100 ml) 8 to 34 of the crushed rice husk is an appropriate amount that satisfies the germination rate.

  Next, the seedling survey of sugar beet was conducted by using the absolute water content (ml / 100 ml) 24 of the crushed rice husks by the mixing ratio with the soil. This crushed rice husk and soil (dry volcanic soil, moisture 26.2%) are mixed in a volume ratio, and fertilizer for paper tube raising seedling (Beat seedling compound fertilizer No. 1 containing bitter earth, boron and manganese, manufactured by Hokkaido Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) , 50 kg / 60 paper tubes) were mixed to prepare a medium. The seedling raising method was a standard method of sugar beet, and the seedling raising period was 40 days. The results are shown in Table 4.

  As a sugar beet seedling, a leaf and root index of 90 or more is a satisfactory value.

  Using a crushed rice husk with an absolute water content (ml / 100 ml) of 24, a medium was prepared by mixing this crushed rice husk and soil (dry volcanic soil, water 25.6%) at a volume ratio of 6: 4. Furthermore, 7 to 33% by volume of a medium improving material (Peat: made from Japanese sugar beet sugar) was mixed with this medium, and a seedling culture medium for paper cylinders with the blending ratio shown in Table 5 was prepared to germinate sugar beet. A rate survey was conducted. The results are shown in Table 6.

  The germination rate of the seedling culture medium mixed with peat was suitably 12 to 28% by volume of peat blended per crushed rice husk.

  Using the seedling culture medium of the test number D, the transplanting performance of sugar beet seedlings grown for 40 days was investigated. Circle Iron Works, fully automatic transplanter (CAP-2 type) is fixed to the ground surface, the motor is driven, and the disappearance rate (soil-out rate) of the cultivated soil from the paper tube when the seedling falls on the ground surface was investigated. . The results are shown in Table 7.

  The test piece D was less soiled than the conventional culture soil, and there was no breakage of the paper tube seedlings at the time of transplantation. Moreover, although the paper strength fall during raising seedling was observed, there was no collapse of the paper tube by dropping, and the influence on the paper strength was the same as that of the conventional culture soil, and it was found that the culture medium can sufficiently withstand the raising seedling.

The seedling culture medium for the paper tube of the present invention can cover the special condition that the paper tube is used for the seedling container, and not only the weight of the medium is reduced, but also the medium drops from the paper tube while maintaining good germination. Because it is a medium that keeps the temperature at a minimum, it can withstand transplantation by a machine. Furthermore, the initial germination rate, which is a defect of the medium using rice husks, is improved.

Claims (1)

The absolute moisture content of rice hulls was crushed to a paper tube 6 volumes per 180L was adjusted to 24 ml / 100 ml, which the water content 25.6% of the soil is dry volcanic soil paper tube 6 volumes per 120L, fertilizer, carbonates A method for reducing the disappearance of soil from a paper tube at the time of transplanting of sugar beet seedlings, characterized in that sugar beet is grown using a mixture of calcium and 36 L of peat per 6 paper tubes as a medium improver. There,
The volume ratio of the cocoon husk and the soil is 6 to 4, and the beet seedling is transplanted by a fully automatic transplanter.