JP5231370B2 - How to reduce fertilizer application in sugar beet seedlings - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a seedling culture medium for sugar beet using sugar beet husk as a main component, a method for raising sugar beet using a paper cylinder using the same, and a sugar beet seedling.

In 1998, Hokkaido's sugar beet cultivation area was 70,000 ha, and 96% of these were grown in paper tube transplants. The capacity of seedling soil per 60 ha paper cylinders necessary for transplantation cultivation is 2.5 m ³ , and it is 1680,000 m ³ in Hokkaido as a whole. In transplantation cultivation, sugar beet seeds are sown in a paper tube filled with seedling fertilizer added with seedling fertilizer in mid-March, and seedlings are grown for about 45 days in a vinyl house, and transplanted to the main field from late April to early May. doing. Since sugar beet is a crop that uses the underground part that accumulates sugar, the seedling tube is deep, the shape of one paper tube is 19 mm in diameter, 130 mm in length, and has a capacity of 30 ml. One book (Non-Patent Document 1). The weight after filling the seedling soil varies depending on the volume of the soil used, but it is 50kg to 60kg and cannot be held by one person (Table 1).

From the fact that there are every year farm exit person, increasing year by year the sugar beet cultivation area per household, the average cultivation area in Hokkaido in 1998 requires a 5.7ha, and the nursery soil of 14.2m ^3, usually carried out immediately prior to transplantation irrigation The total weight of the later paper tube seedlings reaches 17t. Currently, most farmers collect their own field soil to secure medium soil, but they require a lot of labor to adjust the medium for collection, transportation, crushed soil, and sieving. In addition, farmers are aging, and farmers who choose to save labor for raising seedlings, such as farmers who purchase seedling-seeded paper cylinders to raise seedlings, farmers who buy paper cylinder seedlings and transplant them, etc. Has increased. On the other hand, it is difficult for nursery centers and farmers who are engaged in sowing and raising seedlings to secure seedling soil year after year. Also, after raising sugar beet seedlings, when transplanting to the field, when transporting seedlings and transplanting with a transplanter, the medium soil filled from the cylindrical paper tube often falls, and the fine roots of the seedlings It was causing damage. For this reason, the growth of seedlings was delayed or caused disease.

  So far, soil improvement materials such as conditioned peat and pearlite have been studied and marketed for the purpose of improving the soil of sugar beet raising seedling culture media, but coconut husk was used as a medium material for paper cylinder seedlings of sugar beet. It never happened. In the case of sugar beet, the rate of return per unit area is lower than that of paddy rice and vegetables, and the use of the existing medium and medium material cannot be economically used. Rice husk charcoal, a processed product of the same rice husk, is widely used as a material for raising seedlings. However, it is in a situation where it cannot be economically used as a main component because it is necessary in large quantities for sugar beet raising seedlings.

“Cultivation of sugar beet in paper tube”, Akiyoshi Masuda, Kita no Kyokai, 1996, pages 101-104

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, reduces the amount of medium soil used, creates a seedling medium material for a seedling paper tube suitable for cultivation of sugar beet using a paper tube, and a method for raising a sugar beet seedling using the material , As well as paper tube seedlings.

  As a result of various studies on materials suitable for the seedling culture medium for sugar beet, the present inventors have a small (light) bulk weight, are inexpensive, easy to secure the quantity, have uniform ingredients, and easily have the required particle size. Can be treated, mixed well with other medium components, has adequate water retention, does not contain components and microorganisms harmful to the growth of young seedlings, and has no fermentation that adversely affects the seedlings being raised A seedling culture medium for paper tubes was newly found.

  As a result of various investigations on several kinds of seedling medium materials, a seedling culture medium mainly composed of rice husk husks, which has a moisture content of 20 to 30%, is optimal for raising seedlings of sugar beet. There was found. Further, a medium having a volume ratio of 25 to 75% of the crushed rice husk is more suitable as the medium. The rice husk husk used in the present invention is suitable for the present invention when the unfermented rice husk is crushed by a commercially available rice husk mashing apparatus and the rice husk has a saturated water content of 110 to 140 g / 100 ml. .

  In this crushing device, the vitreous layer on the surface of the rice husk is damaged while receiving the “crushing action” and “crushing action” of the rotor (male type) and the concave housing (female type) having a convex rice husk. Since it is finely powdered, the water repellency inherent to the rice husk is lost, water absorption from the surface of the rice husk is vigorous, and the water capacity (water retention) is increased. The fine powdered rice husk by the hammer mill is too fine in particle size and increases in filling amount, so that the medium weight becomes as heavy as the seedling soil. The main point of paper tube raising seedlings is to maintain a high germination rate of seeds directly connected to the seedling yield and to cultivate the main root that is the use site in a healthy manner. It is extremely important to appropriately maintain the medium moisture at the germination stage, and it is necessary that water is added to the crushed rice husk in advance and the water absorption ratio is 20 to 30%. In addition, since the base exchange capacity of rice husk husk is small compared to the seedling soil, fertilizer component retention capacity is low, and when fertilizer dedicated to seedling is applied in a standard amount, the electrical conductivity increases (Table 6) and the germination rate decreases. However, in order to suppress root growth (Table 7), it is necessary to reduce the amount of fertilizer to half of the standard in a medium mainly composed of crushed rice husks. There is no problem in applying fertilizer (Table 7). In addition, since rice husk contains a lot of potassium, the potassium content of the rice husk husk medium series is high (Table 7). The present invention uses seedling husks as a main ingredient in raising seedlings using sugar beet transplanting paper cylinders, mixed with other seedling medium components such as seedling soil (moisture 20 to 30% by weight), adjusted peat, and seedling fertilizer By doing this, it will be easy to secure the required seedling culture medium, and the effective use of rice husks that are discharged in large quantities every year in Hokkaido will also be achieved. The seedling culture medium of the present invention is also suitable for raising seedlings of block seedlings such as cabbage. The seedlings grown here are firmly blocked with the medium, and the collapse of the medium during transplantation can be completely prevented.

  As a seedling culture medium for sugar beet transplanting, farmers usually collect seedling soil from their own fields. The amount can be reduced. It is possible to make it easier to secure a medium for a seedling center or a farmer who undertakes transplant seedling growth, which is expected to increase in the future. In addition, the crushed rice husk has the property of absorbing and expanding, so that when transplanting with a transplanting machine, the fall of the medium soil and the folding of the paper tube are reduced, transplanting can be performed at higher speed and efficiency can be improved. it can. Furthermore, since the finely ground rice husk has a large amount of water retention, even if the soil of the transplanted main field is dry, the influence is small, so that the seedlings are well established and the number of missing strains is reduced. As described above, raising seedlings using a paper tube using the present seedling culture medium is optimal for raising seedlings of sugar beet. A large amount of rice husk is also produced every year in Hokkaido, and this can be used effectively for the production of sugar beet, a crop rotation crop in Hokkaido.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below.

  Made unfermented rice husk (water content of about 10%) with a commercially available rice husk crusher (Kitakawa Tekko Mikuru Mini GMG 150). Table 2 shows the bulk weight and basic exchange capacity of the rice husk, and Table 3 shows the particle size distribution.

  The effect of the water absorption rate of rice husks on the germination rate of sugar beet was investigated. As a result of spraying water 0, 1, 1.25, and 2L to 5L of the crushed rice husk while making 5L × 4 crushed rice husks with the mashing apparatus of Example 1, saturated water volume was obtained. As a result, crushed rice husks having water absorption ratios of 0, 20, 30, and 40% were obtained. The bulk weight of the crushed rice husk before the addition of water was 37 g / 100 ml. A seedling test of sugar beet was carried out using a paper tube in a medium in which the crushed rice husks of each water absorption ratio were mixed with seedling soil (dry volcanic ash soil: moisture 25.6%) at a volume ratio of 60 to 40, and the germination rate was investigated. The results are shown in Table 4.

  Various medium materials and seedling soil (dry volcanic ash soil: moisture 26.2%) and paper tube seedling special fertilizer (bitter soil, boron, manganese beet nursery compound fertilizer No. 1, Hokkaido Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. (25 kg / 60 paper tubes) was mixed at a volume ratio to prepare a medium, and a seedling survey of sugar beet was conducted. The crushed rice husk used was a crushed rice husk having a water absorption rate of 25%, which was prepared by the same preparation method as that used in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 5. An index of 90 or more is a satisfactory value for raising seedlings.

  60% of the crushed rice husk with a water absorption rate of 25% and 40% of the seedling soil (dry volcanic ash soil: moisture 25.5%) prepared by the same preparation method as in Example 2 were mixed in a volume ratio, In addition, a seedling test was conducted using a medium in which the fertilizer amount for exclusive use of paper tube seedlings was changed and added. Table 6 shows the results of measuring the pH and EC of the aqueous solution of the medium. In addition, Table 7 shows the results of the seedling raising test using the medium using a paper tube of sugar beet.

  A crushed rice husk having a water absorption rate of 25%, prepared by the same preparation method as that in Example 2, was 60% by volume, and a. Mixing seedling soil 40%, b. Nursery soil 20% + adjusted peat 20%, c. Adjusted peat 40%, d. As a control, a medium of 100% soil is prepared in four mediums each of which 20% of adjusted peat and 20% of bark compost is mixed. 50 kg per volume of medium and half of 25 kg were added to each of the four mediums mainly composed of crushed rice husks. After filling these into a paper tube, sugar beet seeds were sown by conventional methods, covered with soil and managed normally, and the growth of the seedlings was investigated after 40 days. The results are shown in Table 8. As a result, germination rate and seedling quality were lowered in the medium containing bark compost among the medium mainly composed of rice husk husks, compared with the treatment of the seedling soil 100%, but there was no difference in the other mediums. The seedling soil is dry volcanic ash soil (water 25.6%).

  Saturated water volume 130g / 100ml, water absorption capacity 25% crushed rice husk 60% in volume, Kiyokawa raw soil seedling soil 40% mixed, and Kiyokawa raw soil 100% medium was prepared as control In 100%, 50 kg per medium of 60 1-ha paper cylinders, which is the usual amount of paper tube seedling seedling fertilizer, was added, and 25 kg of a half amount was added to the medium mainly composed of rice husk husk. After filling these into a paper tube, seed the cabbage seeds by the usual method, cover with soil and manage normally, grow seedlings for 40 days, drop the seedlings into the soil 50 cm below the block while peeling the paper tube with a transplanter Investigate whether the block does not collapse. The results are shown in Table 9. As a result, it was found that the product of the present invention was excellent in the block residual ratio.

Claims (6)

This is a method for reducing the amount of fertilization in a paper tube seedling of sugar beet, which mixes 20-30% moisture-containing crushed rice husk with a volume percentage of 50-75% and moisture-containing seedling soil of 20-30%, and fertilizer A method for reducing the amount of fertilizer applied, wherein the seedling quality of sugar beet is not lowered, characterized by using a seedling culture medium obtained by mixing the seedlings. The method according to claim 1, wherein a crushed rice husk obtained by crushing unfermented rice husk with a crushing device is used. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein water is added to the crushed rice husk in advance to obtain a moisture content of 20 to 30% and then mixed with the seedling soil.   The fertilization amount reduction is 25 to 50% reduction of 50.0 kg of fertilizer per medium of 60 paper tubes which is a standard fertilization amount. Method.   The method according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer application is reduced by half of the fertilizer of 50.0 kg per medium of 60 paper tubes, which is a standard fertilizer application.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling quality is root weight.