CN100531563C - Rice planting seedling original bed mud open-air cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for culturing the rice seedlings transplanted by throwing them in paddy field features that the traditional wet culture method is used as its technological platform, the rice seedlings are cultured in sludge instead of nutritive soil, and said culturing sludge is contained in plastic tray without covering plastic film.

Description

The rice mud open-air sprout cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice nursery method, specifically, relate to a kind of rice mud open-air sprout cultivation method.

Background technology

The rice seedling throwing culture technique starts from the sixties in last century, introduces China the seventies, because of its than conventional method saving of labor, laborsaving, operation is simpler, high yield, stable is subjected to peasant's popular welcome.It has changed pulling up seedlings of following that peasant in several thousand " faces the loess back of the body towards the sky ", rice transplanting traditional habit, is a major reform of rice cultivating technique.The rice seedling culture technique is classified the focus technology promotion project as with quilt country, is that the seedling-throwing technology of main contents is applied in China with " plastic floppy disk nutrition soil add film cover seedling " (being called for short nutrition local method) in recent years.But the nutrition local method also exists problems:

1. the nutritive soil preparation inconvenience will be calculated institute according to local soil regime and add the fertilizer ratio, and fertilizer too much easily burns seedling, very few easy one-tenth etiolated seedling, and soil will select mellow soil, no grass-seed, insect pest.The bad direct quality that influences rice shoot of nutritive soil preparation.

2. the recruitment investment is bigger, bed surface will be made into muddy before broadcasting, water source, nonirrigated farmland inconvenience, and the whole ground of need manually carrying water, and drought is required great effort than band water wholely wholely.

3. broadcast back shop film, the hot and humid seedling damping off that is easy to get is draped over one's shoulders green grass or young crops and is taken off the untimely easy burning seedling of film, rice seedling bed rich water quality management inconvenience behind the film of shop.

4. the general technical complex steps will be joined nutrition soil, carries water, and the shop film is eliminated, and prevents and treats damping off; Technical sophistication, the preparation of nutrition soil, the use of chemical agent, operation and opportunity that the shop film is taken off film.Step is many to impact rice shoot safety with regard to too many levels.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the problem that exists in the existing raising rice seedlings technology, provide that a kind of simple to operate, environmental protection, breeding quality are good, the rice mud open-air sprout cultivation method (being called for short the shale method) of recruitment small investment

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

(1) prepare in the seedbed, it is wholely mashed until the flat mud in field to press watery ricenursery method band water, furrow are done in draining then, furrow are wide 1.3 meters, and every mu of land for growing field crops need be equipped with long 6.6 meters of furrow, after the leveling of furrow face, surperficial mud is scraped to the furrow ditch,, the amount by the long 150 gram carbon ammoniums of per 6.6 meters ditches, 75 gram fused calcium magnesium phosphate is sprinkled into chemical fertilizer in the furrow ditch then, stirs with mud;

(2) balance is filled out slurry, prepare 561 hole alms bowl body floppy disks by 40 in every mu of land for growing field crops, then down with the floppy disk taper hole, horizontally-arranged two rows be layered on the furrow face, do not stay the slit between floppy disk, gently be depressed into the dish hole with plank and go into mud 2/3, get furrow ditch mud filling dish hole, require mud water content about 50%, fill up the back and make mud be no more than 4/5 of the taper hole degree of depth with the broom cleaning;

(3) sowing, will divide through the kind bud after seed selection, sterilization, seed soaking, the broken chest vernalization evenly spread for 2～3 times add to seedling tray on, assurance has kind of a bud in the hole more than 92%, gently smears the paddy of collapsing with broom then;

(4) seedbed management continues the field of drying in the air after broadcasting, as the dry and cracked water that spreads occurs and preserve moisture, and pours into shallow water during two leaves, executes urea by 10 kilograms every mu, and draining after 2 days keeps semiarid state, sows in spring 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, and at 15 days summer sowing length of time rice seedlings grow, rice shoot 4 leaves wholeheartedly can be thrown and plant.

The present invention with the beneficial effect that existing raising rice seedlings technology (mainly being the nutrition local method) is compared is:

1, operating procedure is few, and technology is simple, is easy to the masses and grasps, and watery ricenursery is traditional method of raising seedling, the easiliest after the improvement is accepted by the peasant.

2, worker's small investment, farmland on a plateau has the gravity irrigation condition, the whole ground that need not manually to carry water, and the whole field of band water is more laborsaving wholely than drought.Do not prepare nutrition soil, do not spread film, need not eliminate, saving of labor, laborsaving, small investment.

3, favourable southern rice district applies, if the south drought is educated, shop film temperature height easily burns seedling, does not spread film, and water evaporates is fast, easy withered seedling.

4, safety is good, and farmland on a plateau soil is generally faintly acid, is suitable for seedling growth, can reduce damping off and endanger; Fertilizing amount declines to a great extent, and has reduced the fertilizer damage probability; Cover film not after broadcasting has reduced high temperature and has burnt seedling danger.

5, nutrition soil is not prepared in environmental protection, and fertilising is few, has reduced fertilizer amount; Do not spread film, reduce the application of plastic products; Save and eliminate, damping off takes place few, and pesticide dosage is few.

6, breeding quality is guaranteed, and this method is broadcast at spring and summer and all carried out the seedling practice in the seedling, and effect is very good.And arranged summer sowing seedling quality comparative trial, through field and indoor researching determining, the seedling of shale method is compared because of not covering early growth slower with the seedling of nutrition local method, plant height and blade are less, but wide, the total root system number of dry matter content, stem foot and the white root of decision seedling quality all meet or exceed the seedling of nutrition local method, see Table 1, table 2.

Table 1 different disposal seedling growth speed

Table 2 different disposal seedling quality is measured

7. by production practices, be the measuring and calculating unit for 5 mu by production scale, seedling raising method of the present invention is than nutrition local method seedling saving of labor 65.5% (0.95 work day/mu), 57.14% (27.70 yuan/mu) are saved in investment first, press the recycling of seedling dish once, film recycling twice, and saving investment 52.3% (12.40 yuan/mu, as saving 56.20 and 40.90 yuans respectively by 30 yuan of calculating on each work day.

Embodiment

1. prepare in the seedbed, selects for use former seedling field by the whole ground of watery ricenursery method, does not apply fertilizer at the bottom of the seedling.It is mashed that requirement reaches the flat mud in field, and furrow are done in draining then, and furrow are wide 1.3 meters, long 6.6 meters of furrow need be done in every mu of land for growing field crops, after the leveling of furrow face, surperficial mud are scraped to the furrow ditch, with carbon ammonium 150 grams, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 75 grams are sprinkled in the furrow ditch, stir with mud by per 6.6 meters furrow ditch length;

2. seed treatment, method (noting the seed soaking sterilization) will be planted bud and be urged to 1～2mm routinely;

3. the seedling dish is prepared, and selects 561 hole alms bowl body floppy disks for use, and every mu of land for growing field crops needs 40 of floppy disks;

4. sowing

1) balance is filled out slurry.With the floppy disk taper hole down, transverse direction two rows be layered on the furrow face, do not stay the slit between floppy disk, gently is depressed into the dish hole with plank and goes into mud 2/3, gets furrow ditch mud filling dish hole, requires mud water content about 50%, and hand can not grabbed, and piles shapeless.Filling up the back makes mud be no more than 4/5 of the taper hole degree of depth with the broom cleaning;

2) sowing.Divide will plant for 2～3 times bud evenly spread add to seedling tray on, guaranteeing has kind of a bud in the hole more than 92%, gently smears the paddy of collapsing with broom then;

5. seedbed management

Continue the field of drying in the air after broadcasting, as the dry and cracked water that spreads occurs and preserve moisture, pour into shallow water during two leaves, execute 10 kilograms in urea (per 40 dishes, 170 grams) by every mu, fertile as ablactation, draining after 2 days keeps semiarid state, sow in spring 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, at 15 days summer sowing length of time rice seedlings grow, rice shoot 4 leaves wholeheartedly can be thrown and plant.

Above-mentioned technological process is adapted in China, south temperature of normal date of seeding is stabilized in the wide geographic area more than 20 ℃.For the northern area of China, because early spring, temperature can not satisfy open country seedling condition, can carry out film and cover, apparent temperature rising situation is grasped the film opportunity of taking off.Broadcast the back as cold current or heavy rain, can adopt deep water to protect bud, the field of drying in the air of draining immediately after cold current or the heavy rain.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of rice mud open-air sprout cultivation method may further comprise the steps:

(1) prepare in the seedbed, select for use former seedling field wholely mashed until the flat mud in field by watery ricenursery method band water, furrow are done in draining then, furrow are wide 1.3 meters, every mu of land for growing field crops furrow are grown 6.6 meters, after the leveling of furrow face, surperficial mud are scraped to the furrow ditch, amount by the long 150 gram carbon ammoniums of per 6.6 meters ditches, 75 gram fused calcium magnesium phosphate is sprinkled into chemical fertilizer in the furrow ditch then, stirs with mud;

(2) balance is filled out slurry, prepare alms bowl body floppy disk, then down with the floppy disk taper hole, transverse direction two rows be layered on the furrow face, do not stay the slit between floppy disk, gently be depressed into the dish hole with plank and go into mud 2/3, get furrow ditch mud filling dish hole, require mud water content about 50%, fill up the back and make mud be no more than 4/5 of the taper hole degree of depth with the broom cleaning;

(3) sowing, will divide through the kind bud after seed selection, sterilization, seed soaking, the broken chest vernalization evenly spread for 2-3 times add to seedling tray on, assurance has kind of a bud in the hole more than 92%, gently smears the paddy of collapsing with broom then;

(4) seedbed management continues the field of drying in the air after broadcasting, as the dry and cracked water that spreads occurs and preserve moisture, and pours into shallow water during two leaves, executes urea by 10 kilograms every mu, and draining after 2 days keeps semiarid state, sows in spring 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, and at 15 days summer sowing length of time rice seedlings grow, rice shoot 4 leaves wholeheartedly can be thrown and plant.