JPH09252644A - Lightweight artificial hiller for plant cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a lightweight artificial hiller for plant cultivation which is superior in air permeability, water retentivity, workability, operability, environmental contamination resistance, and recycling of farm wastes and useful for gardening, forestry, etc., by adding animal and plant substance materials to pounded powder of hulls. SOLUTION: To the pounded powder of hulls containing >=25wt.% powder of 0.6-1.2mm grain size in a dry state obtained through a process in a pounding state, preferably 5-15wt.% based on pounded fine powder of hulls in the dry sate) animal and plant substance materials such as peat moss, humic acid materials, and smoked carbide are added.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a medium for cultivating plants in horticulture and forestry. More specifically, it relates to a lightweight artificial medium for degradable and lightweight plant cultivation that utilizes the rice husks that are generated as agricultural waste, has excellent workability and easy handling, and is lightweight that is also useful for recycling agricultural waste. An artificial medium is provided.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional medium used for plant cultivation is generally an inorganic soil. This mineral soil
It is a medium that stably supports the posture of the plant and also acts as a source of inorganic nutrients, and that enables reliable cultivation due to accumulated technology over many years. However, with the spread of facility cultivation or the need for indoor and rooftop greening, problems such as poor workability and inconvenience in handling due to the weight, which is a drawback of inorganic soil, are becoming apparent. In addition, from the aspect of soil disease prevention and countermeasures, an exploration of an artificial medium replacing the above-mentioned inorganic soil has been conducted. Today, wood-based materials (bark, sawdust, wood fiber, etc.) and mineral-based materials (vermiculite, perlite, rock Artificial media using wool and pumice, etc.) or peat-based materials (peat moss, etc.) have been developed.

[0003] These artificial media are common in that they are lightweight and basically cause no soil disease.
Some are specialized and widely used for liquid fertilizer, such as rock wool used for hydroponics. However, any artificial medium has some problems. For example, in wood-based materials, the composition differs depending on the tree species or production area, making it difficult to secure a uniform composition.
Salt component becomes a problem in timber stored at sea.

Mineral materials do not spontaneously decompose, so disposal after use poses a problem. Further, a fibrous material such as rock wool has an effect on the human body such as sticking to the skin during handling. There is also concern about adhesion to vegetables and fruits. In peat-based materials, there is a significant difference in water content between the upper and lower layers. Also, as the cultivation progresses over time, the fibers of the two become tighter and eventually the volume decreases. Furthermore, mining peat formed over a long period of time leads to natural destruction, and there is a tendency to restrict mining in the advanced regions of Europe, and there is a problem in mass consumption from the viewpoint of nature conservation.

On the other hand, there is an attempt to use rice husks as an artificial medium. Rice husks themselves are very strong and are superior to other artificial media in that they have uniform components, but they have problems such as strong water repellency and poor water retention.
It is only used a little in hydroponics.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional artificial medium and to provide an alternative lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation.

[0007]

The present invention makes it possible to increase the water-retaining ability of rice husks, which are originally water-repellent, and to provide innumerable voids suitable for habitation of microorganisms. The rice husks, which were agricultural wastes, were made suitable for growing various plants by treating the rice husks in a crushed state and selecting the particle size ratio of the obtained rice husk crushed fine powders as necessary. It is converted into an artificial medium for plant cultivation. In addition, by adding the charcoal as an animal and plant material, the humic acid material or peat to the rice husk crushed fine powder, the fertilizing ability can be sufficiently exerted, and a simple medium mainly composed of rice husk can be used. We have completed a lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation that enables reliable cultivation of plants. That is, the present invention is suitable for the growth of water-retaining ability and rice husk crushed fine powder provided with innumerable irregular voids suitable for habitation of various microorganisms or a plant obtained by adding animal and plant materials to it. A lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below. First, the rice husk crushed fine powder will be described. The rice husk used in the present invention may be produced from rice of any variety, and is not limited to the place of production.
Further, the rice husk crushed fine powder referred to in the present invention is obtained by using a crushing means having a structure capable of processing the crushed state, and may be any one which can obtain the action and effect described later. For example, it can be easily produced by crushing the rice husks using the crushing device described in JP-A-6-408.

Further, the rice husk crushed fine powder used in the lightweight artificial medium for cultivating plants according to the present invention is obtained by crushing ordinary rice husks with the above-mentioned crushing device to obtain, for example, a piece having a size of 0.05 mm. To about 3.0 mm, so as to obtain a finely ground chaff powder having a so-called variation in particle size. The finely ground rice husk crushed powder obtained in this manner has a wide variety of outer diameters in each particle, and has significantly improved water retention capacity compared to the original rice husk. is there.
In addition, depending on the type of plant to be cultivated or the cultivation method, it is possible to use it in various cultivation scenes by arbitrarily selecting the ratio of the particle size composition of the rice husk crushed powder used. If it is desired to improve the water retention capacity, it is necessary to remove fine powder containing a large amount of silicic acid.

An example of the rice husk crushed fine powder used for the characteristic lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation is as follows. The water content in the water-absorbed state is in the range of 40 to 80%, and one piece Size is 0.6mm-1.2mm in dry condition
The fine powder of 25% by weight or more is used.
And, in what proportion the fine powders having other particle sizes are mixed is arbitrarily selected according to the properties of the plant to be cultivated, and for example, one piece having a size of 1.2 mm or more. Of 50% by weight or more to increase the gas phase volume to improve air permeability, or by mixing about 50% by weight or more of a piece having a size of 0.6 mm or less to increase the liquid phase volume. It has features such as increasing the number and improving anaerobic property.

Furthermore, the relationship between the characteristics of the chaff-crushed fine powder according to the present invention and the soil microorganisms effective for the growth of plants inhabiting it is explained by the reason why the chaff-crushed fine powder is used. It has not yet been theoretically elucidated whether it is a good habitat for soil microorganisms. However, when comparing the micrographs of the rice husk crushed fine powder according to the present invention with, for example, crushed fine powder of a wood-based material (see photos or), the crushed fine powder of a wood-based material (photo) has large pores. While the deep recesses are regularly arranged, the crushed fine powder of the present invention (pictured) has large and small holes and shallow
It was found that the deep recesses and voids were irregular and numerous.

[0012] Furthermore, generally, there are a great variety of microorganisms that live in the soil, and because of the various sizes of these microorganisms themselves, there are a wide variety of pores, recesses, voids, etc. suitable for their inhabitation. Considering the fact that it seems necessary (various research results have already been published on this point) and the like, the rice husk fine powder which has been subjected to the crushed state treatment of the present invention relates to the habitation of soil microorganisms. It is also considered to be the reason why it is significantly superior to the artificial medium material.

Subsequently, in the present invention, as the animal and plant material to be added to the rice husk crushed fine powder, kun charcoal (wood or rice husk), peat (peat, peat moss) and humic acid material (lignite, brown coal are chemically Processed) etc.,
These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of addition is 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably 5 to 15% by weight, in the case of pumice, and 1 to 50% by weight in the case of peat, based on the dry rice husk crushed fine powder. It is preferably 5 to 30% by weight, and in the case of a humic acid material, 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight. Further, in carrying out the present invention, it can be used in various cultivation scenes by selecting an appropriate addition amount according to the kind or cultivation method of the plant to be cultivated. When peat or the like having a high acidity is added, it can be neutralized with slaked lime or calcium carbonate as needed before use.

By carrying out the present invention, the water-retaining ability, which is an excellent function of rice husk crushed fine powder, and the appropriate growth environment of microorganisms are added to the fertilizing ability of animal and plant materials, and liquid fertilizer and slow-acting effect are added. By applying various fertilizers such as sex fertilizer and water, it becomes possible to use it for cultivating various plants such as flowers and vegetables. In addition, since the gist of the present invention is to utilize the function of the rice husk crushed powder as a material, the product form of the rice crushed ground crushed powder and the lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation according to the present invention is not particularly limited. Therefore, it is included in the scope of the present invention even when used in a formulated and molded form.

The lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation provided by the present invention is a medium for planters and pots, a medium for raising seedlings and planting in facility cultivation, a medium for hydroponics, a medium for artificial ground in indoor / rooftop gardening, etc. ,
It can be used as a culture medium in many plant cultivation situations.

[0016]

The present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples. Example 1 100 kg of rice husks was treated with a crushing device having a crushing structure described in JP-A-6-408 to obtain 98 kg of crushed rice husk powder having a particle size composition ratio shown in Table 1. This was fractionated by a sieve, and finally a plant cultivation material having a ratio of particle size constitution shown in Table 2 was prepared. The water content of this material was 70% at maximum and the bulk specific gravity was 0.22. The water content during cultivation varies with time, but it is preferable that the water content is maintained at 50% or more. Next, commercially available peat (peat moss) was added to and mixed with the obtained plant cultivation material in the manner shown in Table 3, and a growth test of komatsuna was carried out. The results of the growth test are shown in Table 4. One share
The fresh weight per (leaf weight) is shown as the average value of 2 pots.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Example 2 In accordance with Example 1, the test of growth of komatsuna was carried out in the same manner as shown in Table 5, using husk charcoal instead of peat moss as the animal and plant material to be added. The results of the growth test are shown in Table 6.

Table 5

Table 6

Example 3 According to Example 1, a humic acid material (trade name: Elfmin, manufactured by Kita Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used in place of peat moss as the animal and plant material to be added, and Komatsuna was prepared in the manner shown in Table 7. Was carried out. The results of the growth test are shown in Table 8.

Table 7

Table 8

[0027]

【The invention's effect】

Effect of using crushed rice husk fine powder The present invention has a remarkable effect in that the rice husk, which is repeatedly generated in a large amount every year, can be effectively used without being treated as agricultural waste. Further, a uniform component is always obtained, and since it has a high water-retaining ability, drying during cultivation is unlikely to occur and it is not necessary to give excessive water for preventing drying. Also, because of its light weight, it is possible to improve labor productivity. Furthermore, since most of the components of the medium are organic substances, they can be naturally decomposed. In particular, it has the effect that it can be mixed into the soil as a soil conditioner after use and can be incinerated.
Furthermore, since it is an artificial soil that does not use any natural soil, there are no soil-pathogenic fungi, pest eggs, weed seeds, etc., and there are no factors that cause these. With respect to this point, when the above-mentioned crushing device is used, pressure and heat are applied, so that the above-mentioned remarkable effect becomes more certain. In addition, a large amount of silicic acid contained in the rice husk crushed powder has the effect of accumulating on the leaves and stems of plants and strengthening the plant body, like general silicic acid.

Effect of adding animal and plant material to rice husk crushed fine powder Firstly, by adding animal and plant material having high fertilizing ability, runoff of fertilizer components can be further prevented. Due to the effect of preventing the washout, it is not necessary to add an extra fertilizer, and it is possible to prevent the pollution of the surrounding environment, especially the water quality due to the runoff fertilizer. These remarkable effects can contribute to environment-friendly agriculture promoted by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (establishment of low input cultivation method of fertilizer).

Secondly, since only rice husk crushed fine powder has a small buffering capacity (base substitution capacity), addition of animal and plant material having a high fertilizing capacity (buffering capacity) alleviates concentration disturbance due to fertilizer components. As a result, fertilizer management becomes easy and reliable plant cultivation becomes possible. Thirdly, it is as lightweight as rice husk crushed fine powder, and after use, it can be used as a soil conditioner or can be incinerated. Therefore, there is no need to take special measures for so-called residual soil treatment, which is economical.

Fourthly, in addition to the effect of increasing the uptake amount (retention amount) of the nitrogen component, which plays an important role in the formation of the plant, into the medium, silicate absorbed by the plant from the medium By the physiological action of, the absorption of nitrogen components is also improved, and the fertilizing function of nitrogen fertilizer can be effectively exerted.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[Table 3]

[Table 4]

[Table 5]

[Table 6]

[Table 7]

[Table 8]

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 4, 1996

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0011

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Furthermore, the relationship between the characteristics of the chaff-crushed fine powder according to the present invention and the soil microorganisms effective for the growth of plants inhabiting it is explained by the reason why the chaff-crushed fine powder is used. It has not yet been theoretically elucidated whether it is a good habitat for soil microorganisms. However, when comparing the micrographs of the rice husk crushed fine powder according to the present invention with, for example, crushed fine powder of a wood-based material (shown in FIGS. 1 to 3).
Microscopic photograph) , crushed fine powder of wood material (shown in Fig. 1)
In the micrograph) , the large holes and the deep recesses are regularly arranged, whereas the crushed fine powder of the present invention (FIGS. 2 and 3).
It was found that large and small holes, shallow and deep recesses and voids exist irregularly and innumerably.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Brief description of drawings

[Correction method] Added

[Correction contents]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph showing crushed wood powder.

FIG. 2 is a micrograph showing a part of the glazed powder of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a micrograph showing another part of the glazed powder of the present invention.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation, which is obtained by adding animal or plant material to finely ground powder of rice husks obtained by treatment in a crushed state. 2. A crushed fine powder of rice husks obtained by subjecting a crushed state to a treatment in a dry state of from 0.6 mm to
The lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation according to claim 1, which contains 25% by weight or more of particles having a particle size of 1.2 mm. 3. The lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein peat moss is added as the animal and plant material. 4. The lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein a humic acid material is added as the animal and plant material. 5. The lightweight artificial medium for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein charcoal is added as an animal and plant material.