JP2004049044A

JP2004049044A - Raising seedling medium for paper cylinder

Info

Publication number: JP2004049044A
Application number: JP2002208347A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Masaru Otake; 大竹　勝
Original assignee: Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-07-17
Filing date: 2002-07-17
Publication date: 2004-02-19

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a lightweight raising seedling medium having excellent initial germination rate for raising seedling cultivation using a paper cylinder. <P>SOLUTION: The raising seedling medium is obtained by mixing soil and fertilizer with chaff at absolute water content of 8-34 ml/100ml. The medium is further mixed with one kind or at least two kinds of medium improving material(s) selected from the group consisting of peat (adjusted turf), peat moss, zeolite, bentonite, vermiculite, charcoal, chaff leaf charcoal, compost and animal fertilizer so as to improve the germination rate. It is further preferable that the volume ratio of the chaff to the soil is (1:3)-(3:1), and the content of the medium improving material is 12-28 vol.% per chaff. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、紙筒を用いた育苗栽培において、軽量であり、初期発芽率の良好な育苗培地に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
育苗に紙筒を使用している野菜農家や北海道甜菜栽培農家等では、近年規模拡大が序々に進んでおり、また、労働に従事する人が女性や老人に委ねられることが多くなっている。このため、紙筒用育苗培地の軽量化への要望が強い。従来、紙筒用の土壌として、畑土壌を使用したり、購入培地を使用しているが、重量が重かったり、購入価額が高価であったり、種々の問題点があった。このような欠点を補うために紙筒用の培地資材の選定条件としては、▲１▼大量に入手可能であり、かつ安価であること、▲２▼軽量であること、▲３▼良好な苗生育が得られること、を条件に選定を行うことが必要である。また、用途が紙筒用培地ということもあり、特有の性能が必要になってくる。紙筒苗を圃場に移植する際、培地土壌の落下や紙筒の中折れ等が少ないことも必要であり、移植に手間が掛からずスムーズに高速で行い能率を上げることができるような培地が必要である。
従来、土壌に生分解性樹脂、籾殻、椰子殻、ピート等が混合され、軽量用培地として使用されているが、発芽率が悪く、苗の大きさが不揃いであったり、培地として高価であるため、混合割合を増加できなく、軽量化を達成できない等紙筒用培地としての条件を十分満足するものではなかった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、軽量であり、育苗時の初期発芽が良く、苗の生育が良く、苗揃いの良い健常な苗を作るための培地であって、更に、苗の移植の際、紙筒からの培土の落下等が生じない紙筒用培地の創製を課題とした。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記条件を満足するような紙筒用育苗培地として、種々の素材について鋭意検討した結果、第一発明として、絶対含水量８〜３４ｍｌ／１００ｍｌの籾殻、土壌、肥料、を混合してなる紙筒用育苗培地を、第二発明として、絶対含水量８〜３４ｍｌ／１００ｍｌの籾殻、土壌、肥料、そしてピート（調整泥炭）、ピートモス、ゼオライト、ベントナイト、バーミキュライト、木炭、籾殻燻炭、堆肥、動物性肥料からなる群より選ばれる１種又は２種以上の培地改良材を混合してなる紙筒用育苗培地、を新たに創製した。そして、籾殻と土壌の容量比が１対３〜３対１であることが好ましい。更に、育苗培地に培地改良材を混合することにより発芽率向上の効果があり、培地改良材の含有量が籾殻当たり１２〜２８容量％であることがより好ましい紙筒育苗培地の形態である。これらの各素材の配合割合が紙筒用育苗培地としてより良い効果を生み出す。
【０００５】
籾殻は簡単に入手できるうえ、育苗培地として土壌の代替えとして使用できるので、土壌の量を減少させることができ、培地の大幅な軽量化を達成できる。育苗培地に使用する土壌は、病虫害等の発生の恐れのない土、あるいは、畑土を薬剤又は熱等で処理して病害虫等の影響をなくしたもので、水分１５〜３５重量％程度に調整した土壌であればよい。また、籾殻は未発酵の籾殻を籾殻細粒化装置（擂潰方式、微粉砕方式、蒸砕膨軟方式等）を使用して容積重２４〜４０ｇ／１００ｍｌ程度に調整したものに適当量の水を均一に添加した籾殻を使用する。本発明の籾殻は、絶対水量８〜３４ｍｌ／１００ｍｌであれば、どの方式で製造した籾殻も該当する。更に、より好ましい籾殻の絶対水量としては１４〜３４ｍｌ／１００ｍｌ、最も好ましい籾殻の絶対水量としては１７〜３４ｍｌ／１００ｍｌが選択される。
培地に混合する培地改良材は、いずれも保水性、保肥性に優れているものを使用し、発芽率を向上させる。なお、培地改良材としては、動植物質資材、粘土鉱物系資材を使用するが、ピート（調整泥炭）、ピートモス、ブラックピート、ゼオライト、ベントナイト、バーミキュライト、木炭、籾殻燻炭、堆肥、動物性肥料より選ばれる１種又は２種以上のものを使用することができる。堆肥としては、バーク堆肥、鶏糞堆肥、牛糞堆肥、豚糞堆肥、馬糞堆肥が含まれる。また、動物性肥料としては、血粉、魚かす、骨粉が含まれる。しかし、保湿性、保肥性の改良に役立つものであればどのような培地改良材でも使用できる。
【０００６】
絶対含水量とは、籾殻の容量又は重量に含まれる水の絶対量である。すなわち、籾殻本体に含まれる水量と後から加えた水量の和である。
水分の測定は、一般的な土壌水分等の測定方法であれば良い。例えば、１０５℃の乾燥炉に４８時間放置し、乾燥前後の重量差で求めることができる。
【０００７】
本発明の育苗培地は、ビート（甜菜）、野菜、花卉等の紙筒用育苗培地の用途だけではなく、植物（キャベツ、ほうれん草、ブロッコリー、レタス等の野菜類や菊、カーネーション、トルコキキョウ等の花卉類、大豆等の穀物類）のブロック苗育苗にも好適であり、この培地で育苗された苗はしっかりブロックされ、移植時の培地の崩落を防止することができる。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の実施例について述べる。
【実施例１】
市販の籾殻擂潰装置（株式会社北川鉄工製、ミルクル・ミニＧＭＧ１５０型）を使用し、農家より取得した未発酵の籾殻（水分約１０重量％）を繰り返し２回擂潰し、表１の粒度分布の擂潰籾殻を作成した。また、ライスセンターより産出された粉砕籾殻（水分約１２重量％）を取得し、これを上記擂潰装置により１回擂潰し、表２の粒度分布の擂潰籾殻を作成した。
【０００９】

【００１０】
表１の擂潰籾殻１００ｍｌに水１、７、１４、２１、２８ｍｌを均一に加え、水分の含んだ擂潰籾殻を作成した。その時の擂潰籾殻の絶対含水量は４、１０、１７、２５、３２ｍｌ／１００ｍｌであった。
【００１１】

【００１２】
表２の擂潰籾殻１００ｍｌに水４、１０、２０、３０、４０ｍｌを均一に加え、水分の含んだ擂潰籾殻を作成した。その時の擂潰籾殻の絶対含水量は８、１４、２４、３４、４４ｍｌ／１００ｍｌであった。
【００１３】
【実施例２】
擂潰籾殻の絶対含水量を変動させ、土壌：黒ボク土（水分約３０％）と擂潰籾殻を容量比４対６で混合した育苗培地を作成し、甜菜の発芽率を調査した。なお、育苗方法は、一般に行われている甜菜の育苗方法に従って行った。その結果を表３に示す。
【００１４】

【００１５】
発芽率をみると、擂潰籾殻の絶対含水量（ｍｌ／１００ｍｌ）８〜３４が発芽率として満足できる適当量である。
【００１６】
【実施例３】
次に、擂潰籾殻の絶対含水量（ｍｌ／１００ｍｌ）２４のものを使用し、土壌との混合割合による甜菜の育苗調査を行った。この擂潰籾殻と土壌（乾性火山培土、水分２６．２％）を容量割合で混合し、さらに紙筒育苗用肥料（苦土、ホウ素、マンガン入りビート育苗複合肥料１号、北海道日産化学製、５０ｋｇ／紙筒６０冊）を混合して培地を作成した。なお、育苗方法は甜菜の標準的な方法で行い、育苗期間は４０日行った。その結果を表４に示す。
【００１７】

【００１８】
甜菜の苗として、葉部及び根部指数９０以上が満足する値である。
【００１９】
【実施例４】
擂潰籾殻の絶対含水量（ｍｌ／１００ｍｌ）２４のものを使用し、この擂潰籾殻と土壌（乾性火山培土、水分２５．６％）を容量比６対４で混合した培地を作成し、更に、この培地に培地改良材（ピート：日本甜菜製糖製）を擂潰籾殻当たり７〜３３容量％混合し、表５のような配合割合の紙筒用育苗培地を作成し、甜菜の発芽率の調査を行った。その結果を表６に示す。
【００２０】

【００２１】

【００２２】
ピートを混合した育苗培地による発芽率は、擂潰籾殻当たりのピート配合割合１２〜２８容量％が好適であった。
【００２３】
【実施例５】
上記試験番号Ｄの育苗培地を使用して、４０日間育苗した甜菜苗の移植性能調査を行った。サークル鉄工社製、全自動移植機（ＣＡＰ−２型）を地表に固定し、モーターを駆動させ、苗が地表に落下したときの紙筒からの培土の消失率（土抜け率）を調査した。その結果を表７に示す。
【００２４】

【００２５】
土抜けは、試験品Ｄの方が慣行培土より少なく、更に、移植時の紙筒苗の中折れもなく、機械移植における紙筒用培地として適していることがわかった。また、育苗中の紙力低下を観察したが、落下による紙筒の崩壊もなく、紙力に及ぼす影響は慣行培土と同程度であり、充分育苗に耐えられる培地であることが判明した。
【００２６】
【発明の効果】
本発明の紙筒用育苗培地は、育苗容器に紙筒を使用するという特殊な条件をカバーできるものであり、培地の軽量化のみならず、発芽を良好に保ちつつ、紙筒からの培地落下を最小限にくい止める培地であるため、機械による移植作業にも耐えることができる。更に、籾殻を使用した培地の欠点である初期発芽率を改善したものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a seedling culture medium that is lightweight and has a good initial germination rate in seedling cultivation using a paper cylinder.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Vegetable farmers and Hokkaido sugar beet growers who use paper cylinders for raising seedlings are gradually expanding in scale in recent years, and workers engaged in labor are often left to women and the elderly. For this reason, there is a strong demand for weight reduction of the seedling culture medium for paper cylinders. Conventionally, field soil or a purchased medium has been used as soil for paper cylinders, but there have been various problems such as heavy weight, high purchase price, and the like. In order to make up for these drawbacks, the conditions for selecting a medium material for a paper cylinder are as follows: (1) large quantities are available and inexpensive; (2) light weight; and (3) good seedlings. It is necessary to make a selection on the condition that growth can be obtained. In addition, the use may be a medium for a paper cylinder, and a specific performance is required. When transplanting paper tube seedlings into the field, it is necessary that the medium fall and the paper tube bend less, so it is necessary to use a medium that can be transplanted smoothly and at high speed without any labor for transplantation and increase efficiency. is necessary.
Conventionally, biodegradable resin, rice husk, coconut husk, peat, etc. are mixed in soil and used as a lightweight medium, but the germination rate is poor, the seedling size is not uniform, or the medium is expensive. Therefore, the mixing ratio cannot be increased and the weight cannot be reduced.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is a medium for producing a healthy seedling that is lightweight, has good initial germination at the time of raising seedlings, has a good growth of seedlings, and has good uniformity of seedlings. The objective was to create a medium for paper cylinders that would not cause the soil to fall from the soil.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on various materials as a seedling culture medium for a paper cylinder that satisfies the above conditions. As a first invention, rice husks, soil, and fertilizers having an absolute water content of 8 to 34 ml / 100 ml were used. As a second invention, the mixed seedling culture medium for paper cylinders, as a second invention, is rice husk, soil, fertilizer, and peat (adjusted peat), peat moss, zeolite, bentonite, vermiculite, charcoal, rice hull smoke having an absolute water content of 8 to 34 ml / 100 ml. A seedling culture medium for paper cylinders was newly created by mixing one or two or more culture medium improving materials selected from the group consisting of charcoal, compost, and animal fertilizer. And it is preferable that the volume ratio of chaff and soil is 1: 3-3: 1. Furthermore, the germination rate is improved by mixing the medium improving material with the seedling growing medium, and the content of the medium improving material is more preferably 12 to 28% by volume per chaff. The mixing ratio of each of these materials produces a better effect as a seedling culture medium for a paper cylinder.
[0005]
Rice hulls are easily available and can be used as a seedling culture medium as a substitute for soil, so that the amount of soil can be reduced and the medium can be significantly reduced in weight. The soil used for the seedling growth medium is soil that is not likely to cause pests or diseases, or that is obtained by treating field soil with chemicals or heat to eliminate the effects of pests, etc., and adjusts the water content to about 15 to 35% by weight. Any soil can be used. In addition, a suitable amount of rice husk is prepared by adjusting unfermented rice husk to a volume weight of about 24 to 40 g / 100 ml using a rice husk refining apparatus (a crushing method, a fine pulverizing method, a crushing and expanding method, etc.). Use rice husks to which water is uniformly added. The rice husk of the present invention corresponds to rice husks produced by any method as long as the absolute water amount is 8 to 34 ml / 100 ml. Further, a more preferable absolute water amount of the rice husk is selected from 14 to 34 ml / 100 ml, and a most preferable absolute water amount of the rice hull is selected from 17 to 34 ml / 100 ml.
As a medium improving material to be mixed with the medium, any one having excellent water retention and fertilizing properties is used to improve the germination rate. In addition, animal and plant materials and clay mineral-based materials are used as the culture medium improving material, but peat (adjusted peat), peat moss, black peat, zeolite, bentonite, vermiculite, charcoal, rice husk charcoal, compost, animal fertilizer One or more selected ones can be used. The compost includes bark compost, chicken dung compost, cow dung compost, pig dung compost and horse dung compost. Animal fertilizers include blood meal, fish meal and bone meal. However, any material for improving the culture medium can be used as long as it is useful for improving the moisturizing property and the fertilizing property.
[0006]
The absolute water content is the absolute amount of water contained in the volume or weight of rice husk. That is, it is the sum of the amount of water contained in the chaff main body and the amount of water added later.
The measurement of the moisture may be a general method for measuring soil moisture and the like. For example, it can be obtained by leaving it in a drying oven at 105 ° C. for 48 hours and calculating the weight difference before and after drying.
[0007]
The seedling-growing medium of the present invention is not only used as a seedling-growing medium for paper tubes such as beet (sugar beet), vegetables and flowers, but also as a vegetable (vegetables such as cabbage, spinach, broccoli, lettuce, chrysanthemum, carnation, eustoma etc.). It is also suitable for block seedling raising of flowers, cereals such as soybeans, etc., and the seedlings raised in this medium are firmly blocked, and the medium can be prevented from collapsing at the time of transplantation.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
Embodiment 1
Unfermented rice hulls (moisture: about 10% by weight) obtained from a farmer were repeatedly crushed twice using a commercially available rice husk crushing device (Milcle Mini GMG150, manufactured by Kitagawa Iron Works Co., Ltd.), and the particle size distribution shown in Table 1. Crushed rice husks were prepared. In addition, ground rice husks (water content: about 12% by weight) produced from a rice center were obtained and crushed once with the above crushing device to produce crushed rice husks having a particle size distribution shown in Table 2.
[0009]

[0010]
Water 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 ml were uniformly added to 100 ml of crushed rice hulls in Table 1 to prepare crushed rice husks containing water. The absolute water content of the crushed rice husks at that time was 4, 10, 17, 25, 32 ml / 100 ml.
[0011]

[0012]
4,100,20,30,40ml of water was added uniformly to 100ml of crushed rice hulls in Table 2 to prepare crushed rice hulls containing water. The absolute water content of the crushed rice husks at that time was 8, 14, 24, 34, 44 ml / 100 ml.
[0013]
Embodiment 2
The absolute water content of the crushed rice hulls was varied to prepare a seedling culture medium in which the soil: andoso soil (water content: about 30%) and crushed rice hulls were mixed at a volume ratio of 4 to 6, and the germination rate of sugar beet was investigated. The method of raising seedlings was performed according to a commonly used method of raising seedlings of sugar beet. Table 3 shows the results.
[0014]

[0015]
Looking at the germination rate, an absolute water content (ml / 100 ml) of crushed rice hulls of 8 to 34 is an appropriate amount that can be satisfied as the germination rate.
[0016]
Embodiment 3
Next, using a crushed rice husk having an absolute water content (ml / 100 ml) of 24, a beet growing seedling survey was performed based on the mixing ratio with the soil. The crushed rice hulls and soil (dry volcanic soil, moisture 26.2%) are mixed in a volume ratio, and further fertilizer for beet raising seedlings (magneto, boron and manganese beet raising seedling compound fertilizer No. 1, manufactured by Hokkaido Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) (50 kg / 60 paper cylinders) to prepare a medium. The seedling raising method was a standard method for sugar beet, and the seedling raising period was 40 days. Table 4 shows the results.
[0017]

[0018]
As a sugar beet seedling, a leaf and root index of 90 or more is a satisfactory value.
[0019]
Embodiment 4
Using a crushed rice husk having an absolute water content (ml / 100 ml) of 24, a medium was prepared by mixing the crushed rice hull with soil (dry volcanic soil, moisture 25.6%) at a volume ratio of 6: 4, Further, a medium improving material (Peat: manufactured by Nippon Sugar Beet Sugar) was mixed with the medium in an amount of 7 to 33% by volume per crushed rice husk to prepare a nursery medium for a paper cylinder having a mixing ratio as shown in Table 5, and the germination rate of sugar beet Was investigated. Table 6 shows the results.
[0020]

[0021]

[0022]
The germination rate of the seedling culture medium mixed with peat was preferably from 12 to 28% by volume of peat per crushed chaff.
[0023]
Embodiment 5
Using the seedling-growing medium of Test No. D, the transplant performance of sugar beet seedlings grown for 40 days was examined. A fully automatic transplanter (CAP-2 type) manufactured by Circle Tekko Co., Ltd. was fixed to the ground surface, the motor was driven, and the disappearance rate of the cultivated soil from the paper cylinder when the seedlings fell on the ground surface (earth removal rate) was investigated. . Table 7 shows the results.
[0024]

[0025]
It was found that the test sample D had less soil removal than the conventional cultivation, and furthermore, there was no breakage of the paper tube seedling at the time of transplantation, indicating that it was suitable as a medium for the paper tube in mechanical transplantation. In addition, a decrease in paper strength during the seedling raising was observed, but there was no collapse of the paper cylinder due to the fall, and the effect on the paper strength was almost the same as that of conventional soil culture.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
The seedling raising medium for a paper cylinder of the present invention can cover the special condition of using a paper cylinder for a seedling raising container, not only reducing the weight of the medium, but also maintaining good germination while dropping the medium from the paper cylinder. Since it is a culture medium that minimizes the risk of transplantation, it can withstand transplantation by a machine. Furthermore, it is an improvement in the initial germination rate, which is a drawback of a medium using rice husks.

Claims

A seedling culture medium for a paper cylinder, comprising a mixture of rice husk, soil and fertilizer having an absolute water content of 8-34 ml / 100 ml.

One kind selected from the group consisting of chaff, soil, fertilizer, and peat (adjusted peat), peat moss, zeolite, bentonite, vermiculite, charcoal, chaff charcoal, compost, and animal fertilizer having an absolute water content of 8 to 34 ml / 100 ml. Or a seedling culture medium for paper cylinders, obtained by mixing two or more kinds of culture medium improving materials.

The seedling raising medium for a paper cylinder according to claim 2, wherein the content of the medium improving material is 12 to 28% by volume per chaff.

The seedling culture medium for a paper cylinder according to claim 1, wherein a volume ratio between the chaff and the soil is 1: 3 to 3: 1.

The seedling culture medium for a paper cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the rice husk is crushed rice husk.

A sugar beet seedling grown on the seedling culture medium for a paper cylinder according to claim 1.