JPH04126014A - Culture medium for raising paddy rice seedling and method for raising paddy rice seedling with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable to raise sound paddy rice seedlings with a culture medium having good water permeability, air permeability, water retainability, fertilizer retainability, etc., by employing the culture medium, the medium being prepared by mixing coconut periderm pieces having a specific particle size with a soil material and subsequently adjusting the pH of the mixture within a specified pH range. CONSTITUTION:Only the periderms of coconuts are cut into a size of <=4.0mm and mixed with soil materials. The mixture is adjusted to a pH of 5.1-7.0 to provide a culture medium for paddy rice. The soil materials to be mixed with the periderm pieces are not especially limited, but a mixture of soil such as tuff loam or black soil with one or more kind of bed soil materials such as fine sand, coarse sand, humus soil, vermiculite, zeolite and peat moss may be used.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Industrial Application Field" This invention relates to a medium suitable for raising paddy rice seedlings on a bed, and in particular, it relates to a medium suitable for raising paddy rice seedlings, in particular a mixture of coconut husk pieces and soil that have excellent air permeability and water retention. The present invention relates to a medium for use in plants and a method for raising seedlings using the same.

"Conventional Technology" In rice cultivation in Japan, rice is grown by raising seedlings on a seedling bed and planting the resulting seedlings in paddy fields. In such a cultivation method, raising healthy paddy rice seedlings is an important factor in improving the productivity of paddy rice.

In recent years, efforts have been made to further save labor and mechanize rice cultivation, and systems are being considered to outsource tasks such as raising seedlings, planting, and harvesting to specialized companies. For example, in the past, each farmer raised seedlings individually.
The obtained seedlings are planted in rice fields, and then a business operator produces the seedlings on a large scale and supplies the seedlings to farmers.

In order to raise paddy rice seedlings on an extremely large scale and efficiently in order to supply seedlings to a large number of farmers, it is essential to use a seedling growing medium suitable for raising seedlings.

Conventionally, the culture medium for seedlings used for this purpose was made by adding fertilizer components to a base material such as soil.
- There are molded pellets of 311I11.

In addition, in conventional cultivation of rice seedlings, the pH of the medium is set to 4.5 to 5.
．． I adjusted the temperature to about 5 and raised seedlings. When raising paddy rice seedlings, seedlings grow well when the pH of the medium is set to about 5 to 6. However, when planting seedlings mechanically in Honda rice fields, it is desirable that the seedlings are not too tall, and the pH of the medium is adjusted to around 5 to 6. By adjusting it to 4.5 to 5.5, the elongation of seedlings is suppressed, and the occurrence of diseases and stuffy seedlings is suppressed.

``Problems to be Solved by the Invention'' However, conventional culture media for seedlings have a problem in that when watering is strengthened, the pellet shape collapses and the water permeability of the culture medium becomes poor. If the water permeability of the medium deteriorates, root growth of the seedlings will be inhibited and healthy seedlings will not be produced.

There was also the problem that it took time and effort to adjust the pH of the culture medium to about 4.5 to 5.5. Furthermore, by setting the p) of the culture medium to a low value, there was a problem in that fertilizer components were likely to flow out of the culture medium and the fertilizing effect was likely to be lost.

Furthermore, when the pH of the culture medium is lowered, aluminum in the soil is leached out, inhibiting the growth of the roots of the seedlings, resulting in the formation of callus-like roots and the problem of not being able to produce healthy seedlings suitable for mechanical planting.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances and aims to provide a seedling growing medium that has good water permeability, improves root growth, and allows the production of healthy seedlings.

``Means for solving the problem'' This problem is solved by cutting only the outer husk of a coconut, which has a particle size of 4. This problem can be solved by using a medium for raising rice seedlings, which is made by mixing outer skin pieces with a pH value of 5.1 to 7.0 and adjusting the pH of the mixture to a soil material.

"Function" The culture medium of the present invention is prepared by mixing the outer shell pieces with a particle size of 4.0 square centimeters or less, which are obtained by cutting only the outer shell of a coconut, with soil material, and adjusting the pH of the mixture to 5.1 to 7.0. Since it is a range,
The water permeability, air permeability, water retention and fertilization properties of the culture medium are improved,
Seedlings can be grown healthy. In addition, the outer skin pieces do not lose their shape even when soaked with water, and have good water retention properties, making it easier to manage irrigation in seedbeds. In addition, the outer skin contains a lot of iron, which promotes root growth, and contains a lot of fiber, which makes it easy for fine roots to attach and grow, so the roots of the seedlings in particular develop actively, producing healthy and excellent seedlings. be able to.

In addition, the pH of the outer skin pieces is almost neutral, so by mixing the outer skin pieces into the soil, the pH of the culture medium can be reduced to 1li! It can simplify the setup. In addition, by growing seedlings using this medium in a pH range of 51 to 7.0, the seedlings will be prevented from becoming elongated, and the stems and roots will be thick and strong, and the root mass will be large. Good stock can be produced with few floating seedlings and a large number of tillers.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

The husk piece used in the present invention is obtained by selecting only the husk of a coconut and cutting it.

The raw material, coconut, consists of a roughly spherical core and a thick outer skin covering the core. This core consists of a woody inner shell, a thick pulp formed on the inner surface of the inner shell, and a juice filling the inner part of the pulp. For example, in the case of an average-sized coconut weighing 1.5 kg/1 coconut, each of these drops is about 30 to 35% by weight of the outer shell and 15% by weight of the inner shell.
M-m% Chengbun, pulp about 30-35% by weight, fruit juice 2
It is about 50-3501.

The main use of coconuts is the coefficient of coconut oil contained in the pulp, but other uses include drinking the fruit juice, and using it as a raw material for alcohol, vinegar, etc. In addition to being eaten as is, coconut oil pomace is used as feed.
The inner shell is also used as activated carbon raw material and fuel. The outer skin is only used in small quantities as board material or felt material.

When extracting oil from coconuts, the outer skin of the coconut is peeled off, the core is removed, and the cores are collected and sent to the oil extraction process. The outer skin piece used in the present invention is produced by cutting only the outer skin peeled off from the core as a raw material.

To cut the outer skin, a well-known cutting machine such as a cutting machine used in the production of wood chips can be used, and a machine that can cut the bark into two pieces of uniform size in a constant shadow shape is particularly suitable. used. The shredded pieces have a particle size of 4.0 mm or less, and are further sieved to remove large-sized pieces. If the particle size of the husk particles exceeds 4.0 mm, the husk particles will not mix well with the soil material, and the husk pieces will be concentrated in one part of the culture medium. There is a risk of malfunction.

It is also desirable to sterilize the outer skin pieces by steam heating before or after cutting to prevent contamination with pests and diseases.

The coconut husk pieces obtained in this manner contain a large amount of natural fibers and porous material, and a culture medium in which these husk pieces are mixed into soil has excellent water permeability and air permeability. It also has good water retention and can maintain a suitable amount of moisture for a long period of time. Furthermore, since it is porous, it has air retention, fertilization and heat retention properties, and increases the number of fine roots.

Also, since it is made of plant fibers and has excellent humus resistance, it is highly breathable and promotes the growth of soil microorganisms.

In addition, the outer skin pieces contain nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, as well as trace amounts of minerals such as iron, copper, zinc, iron, and carnoum, and these mineral components support plant growth. Because it has a promoting effect, a culture medium mixed with shell fragments allows the roots of plants to grow vigorously, making it possible to raise healthy seedlings.

The material of the soil to be mixed with this outer skin piece is not particularly limited,
In addition to soils such as red soil and black soil, various floor materials such as fine sand, coarse sand, humus, vermiculite, zeolite, and peat moss can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Also, commercially available flooring materials for artificial beds for water-sweeping seedlings may be used. Although the particle size of the soil material is not limited, materials with a particle size of 4.0 mm or less are desirable, similar to the outer skin pieces.

The mixing ratio of the soil material and the outer skin pieces is not particularly limited, or it is preferable that the outer skin pieces are mixed in an amount of 20% by volume or more. The outer skin piece is I
If the O content is less than % by volume, the effect of improving the water permeability, air permeability, water retention, and fertilizer retention of the culture medium will not be sufficiently achieved.

Further, unless the pH of the soil material is extremely acidic, there is no need to perform treatments such as neutralization. Most of the soil in Japan is generally acidic, but by mixing it with pH-neutral hull pieces, a suitable soil for growing seedlings can be obtained.

When producing paddy rice seedlings using the medium according to the present invention, which is a mixture of coconut husk pieces and soil material, the medium is placed in a suitable nursery bed, sterilized, and two paddy rice seeds are sown on top of it. After absorbing water and covering with soil, the seeds are stored in a germination chamber at a temperature of 32°C to germinate the seeds. At this time, the medium is p)(
Seedlings are raised at pH 5, in the range of 1 to 70, without adjusting. In addition, there is no need to fertilize the culture medium when using soil material that contains fertilizer components in advance, but when using soil that does not contain fertilizer,
Prepare by applying nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium. The amount of fertilizer applied is, for example, about 1 to 2 g of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium per pod of the medium.

Next, the seedbeds that have finished germination are promoted to green in a seedling nursery house controlled at 28℃, and then cultivated in open fields until the plant height is 12 to 12 degrees.
The seedlings are grown to about 15 cm and 2.5 to 30 leaf ages to be transplanted to rice fields.

As described above, a culture medium was prepared in which husk pieces with a particle size of 4.0 mm or less obtained by cutting only the husk of a coconut were mixed with a soil extract, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to a range of 51 to 70. By raising seedlings, the water permeability, air permeability, water retention, and fertilization properties of the medium become good, and the seedlings can be grown in a healthy manner. In addition, the outer skin pieces do not lose their shape even when soaked with water and have good water retention properties, making it easier to manage watering in the seedbed. In addition, the outer skin contains a lot of iron, which promotes root growth, and contains a lot of fiber, which makes it easy for fine roots to attach and grow, so the roots of the seedlings in particular develop actively, producing healthy and excellent seedlings. be able to.

Further, since the pH of the outer skin pieces is approximately neutral, a suitable culture medium for raising seedlings can be obtained by mixing the outer skin pieces into the soil, which simplifies the adjustment of the pH'A of the culture medium.

In addition, by growing seedlings using this medium at a pH of 5, 1 to 70, it is possible to prevent the seedlings from becoming elongated, and to obtain seedlings with thick and strong stems and roots that can be easily piled up. It is possible to produce a good crop with few missing plants (floating seedlings) and a large number of tillers.

Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be clarified through Examples.

Example-- (Example 1) Particle size 4.0% obtained by cutting coconut husk and sieving it.
The outer skin pieces below Oav and the soil material (alluvial clay paddy soil (
Using heavy clayey soil), 0 to 9 pieces of outer skin were added to the soil material.
0% by volume, and 1% each of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and processed fertilizer.
A box hit! , 5g was mixed to prepare a medium, and each medium was placed in a seedling box with mechanical planting specifications (58.5 cm x 285 cm x 30 cm) and tested.

In addition, paddy rice seeds (using Konohikari) were sterilized by soaking them in a disinfectant (Bentley T), and after washing, the seeds were immersed in water for 4 days to form pigeon-arm-shaped seeds, which were then sown in each test plot for 17 days. I raised seedlings.

After raising seedlings for 17 days, the plant height, root length, spacing, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry body weight, and total seedbed weight (after germination, after yield, after − days of standing, and decrease @) of seedlings in each test plot. , soil pH at the end
were measured respectively.

The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 2) As a soil material, H'sales/katama soil was used as a soil material.
Seedlings were grown in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 3) The pond using Kanto loam soil (fire ash field soil) as the soil material was the same as in Example 1 (this method was used for raising seedlings).

The results are shown in Table 3.

(Example 4) Seedlings were raised in the same manner as in Example 1, except that quarry treatment was abolished (sandy loam soil) as the soil material. The results are shown in Table 4.

From the results of seedling raising in Examples 1 to 4, the following was confirmed.

■ Seedlings grown in a medium containing coconut husk pieces mixed with soil material have stiffer stems compared to the control (0% husk pieces), and in particular, the roots of the mixed medium containing 20% or more husk pieces are even when washed with water after extraction. It was observed that there was less detachment of seed rice.

■Discoloration differs slightly between the test soils, but the roots in the control plot are generally thin and soft. On the other hand, the roots of the medium containing 20% or more of the outer skin pieces have many radish roots, and the seedlings have more fine roots than the control plot in which the mixed outer skin pieces have been embedded.

■We measured and studied the weight of the growing seedbed 30 minutes after watering and after leaving it for one day.As the amount of husk added increases, lighter mat seedlings are obtained, and medium with 20% or more husk has good water retention, so watering is necessary. It is expected to save labor in agricultural work, such as by reducing the time and effort involved (dehydration of the leaf blades and preventing leaf roll symptoms).

■The standard value of the soil p) (4.5 to 55) for the medium for growing rice seedlings, and it is said that p) (5) is desirable for the germination of rice and the growth of young plants. However, the pH of the medium mixed with husk pieces was generally high (pH 5,
3 to 68), healthy seedlings with good mechanical properties are grown without the occurrence of diseases.

(Example 5) Considering the results of Examples 1 to 4 above and the economical effect, the mixed amount of the outer skin pieces was determined to be 20% by volume and 30% by volume, and the soil material was "Kumiai granular", which is a commercially available seedling cultivation soil. Using "Clean No. 2 Cultivating Soil" (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation), a culture medium was prepared by mixing the outer skin pieces and the culturing soil, and seedlings were raised in the same manner as in Example 1. The seedling-raising period was 23 days. In addition, as a control plot, soil containing 0% outer skin pieces was used. Further, since the above-mentioned cultivation soil contains fertilizer components, no fertilizer was applied to the mixed medium of cultivation soil and outer skin pieces.

The results of this seedling raising are shown in Table 5.

(Example 6) Seedlings were raised in the same manner as in Example 5 using a commercially available seedling raising soil, "Ube Soil" (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) as a soil material, and using 20% by volume of the outer skin pieces as a medium.

The results of this seedling raising are shown in Table 5.

From the results of Examples 5 and 6 below, it is clear that by growing seedlings using a commercially available seedling growing medium mixed with 20% to 30% by volume of husk pieces, the growth of bacteria can be prevented. Since it produces seedlings with thick and strong stems and roots and plenty of root soil, it has been proven that it can produce good-quality rice with fewer plants (floating seedlings) and a large number of tillers when planted in Honda.

In addition, in the area where the outer skin pieces were mixed, there was no occurrence of stuffy seedlings or diseases, and it was possible to produce healthy seedlings without taking measures such as correcting the culture medium.

The culture medium in the mixed plot of outer skin pieces had good water retention and water permeability, and it was easy to manage watering to the seedbed.

After the seedling-raising tests in Examples 5 and 6, we examined whether the seedlings in each test plot would have any problems when planted in Honda (mechanical planting). There were no floating seedlings, which was normal.

After planting in Honda, we observed the growth status of the paddy rice.
The seedlings grown in the mixed medium of hull fragments had good rooting and grew in uniform numbers, and in particular, the average number of tillers in the 30 volume % hull fragment mixed medium increased by about 10% compared to the control plot.

Second, observe the growth status of the roots at the tillering stage.
When representative plants were taken out and the roots were compared, no significant differences were found between the rice plants. When cleaning the leaves, the leaf blades were curled, whereas the leaf blades in the mixed outer skin pieces remained healthy, and even after being left for two days and nights, the leaf blades in the mixed outer skin pieces were only slightly curled and full of vigor. It was observed that

Effects of the Invention As explained above, the paddy rice seedling growing medium of the present invention is produced by mixing outer husk pieces with a particle size of 4.0 mm or less obtained by cutting only the outer husk of a coconut with soil material, and in particular, Seedlings were raised using an r2 medium with a pH in the range of 5.1 to 70 without adjusting to 111, but under these conditions, the water permeability, air permeability,
It has good water retention and fertilizer retention, allowing seedlings to grow healthily. In addition, the outer skin pieces do not lose their shape even when soaked with water,
It also has good water retention, making it easy to manage irrigation in seedbeds. In addition, the outer skin pieces contain mineral components that promote vigorous plant growth, and as they contain fine roots and grow, they especially encourage the growth of fungi and roots, making them healthy. Is it possible to produce a pickled city?

In addition, since the pH of the outer skin pieces is almost neutral, a suitable seedling growing medium can be obtained by mixing the outer skin pieces into the soil, and the pH of the medium is
HQ adjustment can be simplified. Also, using this medium, pH 5,
By raising seedlings in the range of 1 to 70, you can prevent the seedlings from becoming elongated, and you can obtain seedlings with thick and strong stems and roots, and plenty of root soil, so you can reduce the number of missing plants (floating seedlings) when planting in Honda. It is possible to produce a large number of good quality rice plants.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Particle size obtained by cutting only the coconut husk 4.
Mix the outer shell pieces of 0 mm or less with soil material and adjust its pH.
A culture medium for growing rice seedlings, characterized in that the ratio is in the range of 5.1 to 7.0. 2. A method for raising paddy rice seedlings, which comprises raising paddy rice seedlings in a pH range of 5.1 to 7.0 using the medium for raising paddy rice seedlings according to claim 1.