KR100718867B1 - Mat-type bed soil for raising seedlings and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the present invention, all the raw materials are eco-friendly and suitable for growing seedlings, while at the same time, the disadvantages of the conventional mat-like clay are low moisture absorption, easy to break, low growth and poor root net formation. As an improved mat-like soil for seedling cultivation such as rice and grass, and a manufacturing method thereof,

Mat type topsoil for seedling cultivation of this invention is 60-80 volume% of cocopites; 3-10 vol% of peat moss; 2 to 20% by weight of a raw material formed by mixing at least one selected from diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite and elvanite; And 3 to 20% by volume of a light material formed by mixing at least one selected from perlite, vermiculite, masato, ocher, briquettes and acidic clay containing a granular form having a size of 1 to 5 mm in at least 50% by volume. The mixture is compression molded to a constant thickness.

Coco pits, peat moss, heavy material, lightweight material, granular form

Description

Mat-type bed soil for raising seedlings and manufacturing method

1 is a perspective view of a mat type top soil for seedling cultivation before water supply according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the bottom surface of the mat type top soil for seedling cultivation before water supply according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the mat top soil for seedling cultivation after water supply according to the invention.

Figure 4 is a perspective view showing a change in the mat top soil for seedling cultivation after water supply according to the size of the mold according to the present invention.

It is a perspective view of the mat top soil for seedling cultivation when the compression pressure of the metal mold | die by this invention is 220 kg / cm <2>.

It is a perspective view of the mat top soil for seedling cultivation when the compression pressure of the metal mold | die by this invention is 506 kg / cm <2>.

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the growth state of the hair 10 days, 15 days, 20 days after seeding in mat-like soil for seedling cultivation according to the invention.

Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the state of the mat bottom surface 15 days after sowing in the mat-like soil for seedling cultivation according to the invention.

The present invention relates to a mat-like soil for seedling cultivation and a method of manufacturing the same, using all the raw materials that are environmentally friendly and suitable for growing seedlings, and at the same time, the disadvantages of the conventional mat-like soil are late in water absorption, and easy to break. The present invention relates to a mat-like soil for seedling cultivation such as rice or grass, which has greatly improved lighting, poor growth and poor root net formation, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Powdered clay, which is properly blended with coco peat and peat moss, has drastically reduced labor costs and labor time, and has been standardized in quality compared to the method of directly manufacturing soil at farms by digging soil from a mountain in the past and mixing fertilizer. Although it has the advantage of making it easier for farmers to raise healthy mosquitoes, it is still a lot of manpower, time and cost to work evenly in powder seedlings in seedling boxes. Even in a very serious situation, a method of simplifying more farming was urgently needed.

Thus, mat-like soils were produced by mixing pulp moss, expanded chaff, vermiculite and fertilizer with paper pulp, wet molding them into already standard seedling boxes, and drying them. In 2006, the scale continued to grow, growing to a market size of about 5 billion won.

However, pulp, which is an essential raw material of the mat-like soil, is a cellulose-rich organic material that easily decays in rice paddy where much moisture is required, and mold occurs, and the growth of mock roots is poor or the roots do not extend into the mat-like clay. This occurs, and when using a consistent automatic seeding machine, the mat-like soil has to absorb moisture quickly within a predetermined time passing through the conveyor, it was difficult to sowing due to the slow absorption of moisture. In order to reduce the water absorption time, dozens of vertical through-holes of about 5 mm were formed in the mat-like soil, but the water absorption time was slightly reduced, but it was still insufficient.

In order to solve the problem of the pulp mat-like soil, recently, unlike regenerated pulp for papermaking, swelling chaff, vermiculite and compound fertilizer, etc. are mixed with Coco Pit and Pitmos, an organic substance which contains a lot of lignin and does not easily rot in water. Mat-like topsoil press-molded by presses has been introduced.

Compression-molded mat tops have significantly improved the development of little mold compared to mat tops using recycled pulp, but are still easily broken or broken and contain excessive amounts of organic matter (coco peat, peat moss, swelling chaff). The development of roots and the formation of root nets are not only good, but also have a problem that takes a long time to absorb moisture.

In other words, when using the automatic planters used in most farms, the process of watering, sowing, covering, etc. is automatically performed, so that the mat-like topsoil is rapidly moved between 2 to 7 seconds after watering and moving to the next seeding process. It absorbs water and swells up to a thickness of 7-13mm. In the compression-molded mat-like soil, the porosity and flexibility, which are inherent in Cocopite, are greatly impaired during the compression process. There was considerable difficulty in.

In addition, the raw material should be automatically injected into the press mold, and the palm fibers contained in the coco peat are agglomerated with each other, making it difficult to input a certain raw material. After the raw material is fed, the feeding device moves back to its original position and the flat fiber is selected evenly. Will be interrupted by

Therefore, due to a defect such as the thickness of the mat-like topsoil is not produced evenly, the failure rate is not commercialized.

The present invention is to solve the problems as described above, even after compression molding by inserting the light-weight raw material in the form of granules significantly reduces the water absorption time to enable the use of a consistent automatic planter, seedling soil for seedling cultivation not easily broken And its manufacturing method.

In addition, the addition of fermented starch increases the adhesion between the mixture to increase the strength, adsorb the fertilizer to the weight of the raw material so that the added fertilizer is distributed in the bottom of the mat-like soil to promote root growth and root net formation, length It is another object to provide a seedling cultivation mat-like soil and a method for producing the same, the strength is enhanced by adding a fiber of 5 mm or less, and the soil is improved as it is repeatedly used using only a clean raw material.

In order to achieve the above object, seedling cultivation mat type clay of the present invention comprises 60 to 80% by volume of coco peat; 3-10 vol% of peat moss; 2 to 20% by weight of a raw material formed by mixing at least one selected from diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite and elvanite; And 3 to 20% by volume of a light material formed by mixing at least one selected from perlite, vermiculite, masato, ocher, briquettes and acidic clay containing a granular form having a size of 1 to 5 mm in at least 50% by volume. The mixture is compression molded to a constant thickness.

In addition, the mat-like soil for seedling cultivation according to the present invention further comprises 0.5-5% by volume of fermented starch, or is mixed with one or more selected from hemp yarn, cotton yarn, palm fiber, and rice hull having a diameter of 2 mm or less and a length of 5 mm or less. 0.5 to 5% by volume of the fibrous fiber, and 0.5 to 3% by volume of lidomil granules, the fertilizer may be adsorbed to the heavy material, and papers may be attached to the lower surface of the compression-molded mat-like soil. .

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In describing the present invention, when it is determined that the detailed description of the related well-known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.

Mat-like soil for seedling cultivation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a compression-molded mixture is added to the mold containing a coco material, peat moss, a weight raw material and a lightweight raw material in the form of granules as a main component, as shown in Figure 1 In consideration of expansion, it is produced with a width of 550 to 560 mm, a length of 260 to 270 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 to 3.5 mm.

Coco pit (cocopeat) refers to the filtering of by-product produced by extracting the palm fiber from the coconut with a 0.25 inch sieve, generally containing 3 to 10% by volume of the palm fiber of 3 to 15mm in length. At this time, if the palm fibers are not removed, the mixture including the coco pits put into the mold for compression molding is entangled with each other, so that the mixture injection operation is difficult to automate and the thickness of the compression molded mat-like soil is not constant. The failure rate may increase.

Thus, in the present invention, the Coco pit filtered by 0.125 inch sieve was used to reduce the palm fiber contained in the coco pit to 3% by volume or less, and the coco pit has high lignin content and has excellent compression and expansion force.

Peat moss is widely used as organic material of the topsoil internationally. Because of its high cation substitution capacity, it has good binding power and slow decomposition in the topsoil, so it maintains physicochemical properties for a long time and has excellent breathability and water retention. pH ranges from 3.2 to 5.5, which is strongly acidic, but generally stable after adjustment of acidity. By adjusting the input ratio of peat moss, diatomaceous earth, acidic clay and acidic fertilizer, the pH of the mat-like soil can be adjusted to 4.5 to 5.8 suitable for rice growing or 6 to 7 suitable for the growth and development of grass or other skin plants.

The weight raw material is formed by mixing one or more selected from diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite, and elvan, and occupies 2 to 20% by volume.

Zeolite is a natural material composed of 50 kinds of inorganic materials such as silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, etc., and has a solid three-dimensional crystal structure made of interconnected network of tunnels and boxes like a honeycomb shape. Due to the microporous structural characteristics, zeolite has excellent physical adsorption and chemical cation substitution, and has a unique ability to adsorb and store water and other inorganic-organic substances up to 20 times, and then gradually discharge them. These zeolites play an important role in improving the drought resistance of rice and grass, preventing the loss of fertilizers, and are similar to sand in terms of price, and are easy to obtain. It is lighter than sand and can achieve the weight reduction of a mat top soil.

Fertilizer can be added to the mixture, but when adding the fertilizer, it is preferable to adsorb the fertilizer to the heavy material before mixing the heavy material with other raw materials. The weight of the raw material is considerably greater than that of the main material, cocoite, which is naturally located at the bottom of the mold when the mixture is introduced into the mold, and the compressed mat-like clay is illustrated in FIG. 2 (the gray part is a zeolite powder adsorbed with fertilizer). It is concentrated at the bottom of. This eventually leads to the distribution of most of the fertilizer at the bottom of the mat, and at the same time as the rooting of the crop, both the main and the long roots extend toward the bottom of the mat-like soil where the fertilizer is distributed, forming a very important root net for transport and transfer. In addition to promoting this, short-term seedlings of up to 10 days are possible.

In order to adsorb fertilizer to the heavy material, a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and garlic, which are liquid fertilizers, are respectively concentrated in the heavy material to concentrate on the interface of the heavy material. The amount of liquid fertilizer is determined depending on whether the mat-like soil is used for sowing medium or soil cover.In the case of soil cover, if a large amount of fertilizer is contained, the fertilizer component melts every time water is applied, and the growth of crops is caused by excess fertilizer. Occurs, and even if the roots of the crop do not extend to the underside of the medium, sufficient nutrition can be provided, thus inhibiting root net formation.

In addition, the cocoite and peat moss of the mixture contains a slight amount of nitrogen, but since it contains about 320 ppm of phosphoric acid and 9700 ppm of girly, refer to this. After fertilizing seedlings), seedlings (planting seedlings around 20 days), medium hair (30 days before and after seedlings), fertilizer input to the weight of 1ℓ is determined as shown in Table 1 below.

division Fertilizer For sowing badges Cover Young mother Mausoleum Medium hair nitrogen Ammonia nitrogen 100-150 mg 150-200mg 200-300mg 0-50 mg Nitric Acid Nitrogen 100-150 mg 150-200mg 200-300mg 0-50 mg Phosphoric Acid Fruit or middle class 100-150 mg 150-200mg 200-250mg 0-50 mg weir Sulfuric acid or chlorinated chloride 50-100 mg 100-150 mg 150-200mg 0-50 mg

As described above, the mat-like soil for seedling cultivation of the present invention may be used as a mat-type cover by not adding fertilizer at all or by adding an appropriate amount and compressing the thickness to 1 to 2 mm. Such mat-type cover may be equipped with an automatic planter. Make it easy to farm in poor or older farms. In other words, the mat top soil may be placed in a seedling box without seeding, so that the mat cover may be covered, and the mat top soil may be transferred to a water pond or a warming pond for watering. It is quite convenient because it can be moved to the nail.

3-20% by weight of the light material, which is formed by mixing one or more selected from perlite, vermiculite, masato, ocher, briquettes and acid clay, is mixed. The light material has a granular form having a size of 1-5 mm. It is preferable to contain in 50 volume% or more, and the remainder may be in powder form.

Perlite is a pumice stone that rapidly heated pearlite to increase the porosity, and is a synthetic soil having characteristics of promoting early sliding of crops due to good ventilation and water retention. It is used as a soil improver to increase soil voids and as an auxiliary material for crops or horticulture.

When Cocopit is compressed at high pressure, the oil or wax component contained in the inside of Cocopit is exposed to the surface of the mat to coat the surface, so even if water is supplied, the oil or wax component is dissolved in water. Moisture does not easily pass through the surface of the mat, delaying the time for the entire mat to absorb moisture evenly.

In particular, when the same amount of light material is mixed in powder form, the light material gets stuck in the pores of the main material Coco Pit, and when pressed under high pressure, the light material is trapped in the coating of oil or wax component discharged from Coco Pite. You will not be able to act as a passage at all. In other words, lightweight raw materials have some degree of ventilation like sand or gravel even in saturated water, but coco pit and peat moss, which can absorb more than 9 times the weight of the building, greatly reduce the air permeability in saturated water. When the mixture is mixed with coco peat in the form of saturated water, the breathability of the light material is almost eliminated.

However, when the mixture is pressed at high pressure after the lightweight raw materials are mixed in a granular form as in the present invention, the granular form is shown in Fig. 1 (white portion is a granular form of perlite broken into powder and expressed on the surface). Even if the light raw material is split into powder form, it is distributed evenly in the form of agglomeration on the inside and the surface of the mat-like soil without being caught in the pores of the coco peat, and thus the light raw material sufficiently functions as a passage to absorb moisture into the coco peat. It is to ensure the overall breathability and water permeability of the mat-like topsoil.

In order to use an automatic seeding machine that automatically performs watering, sowing and covering, the mat-like soil should absorb water and swell up to a thickness of 7-13 mm for 2 to 7 seconds between the watering and sowing. The mat-like soil, which is compressed to include granular lightweight raw material, has a passage for absorbing moisture with coco peat, which swells in 2 to 5 seconds, thereby enabling the use of an automatic planter (FIG. 3).

Since the strength of the mat-like soil is determined by the adhesion between the mixtures, when 0.5 to 5% by volume of fermented starch is added to the mixture and mixed evenly and then compressed at high pressure, the adhesion between the mixtures is greatly improved and the mat-like soil is easily broken. It doesn't work. At this time, the water content of the fermented starch is 20 to 35%, and is in the form of a powder.

If starch is used without fermentation, it can easily decay and cause mold. On the other hand, fermented starch can be a great help for the healthy growth of crops because the beneficial microorganisms are fully cultured and added during fermentation.

Anaerobic, aerobic, and photosynthetic microorganisms used in starch fermentation utilize Bacillus, Trichoderma, and Lactobasillus, which are effective in preventing diseases and improving soil. Sanglim Chemical's 'Patent Bomb', Seoul Environmental Industry's 'Bio Key', Korea Bio Chemical's 'Sun Bacta' or 'Gebzyme', 'VIP' of Korea Organic Agricultural Development, 'Bio Doctor' of Geno Biotech Co., Ltd. Etc., the microorganisms are added and the starch is fermented using a microorganism fermenter.

In addition, 0.5 to 5% by volume of fiber composed by mixing at least one selected from hemp yarn, cotton yarn, palm fiber, and chaff having a diameter of 2 mm or less and 5 mm or less in length is added, and 0.5 to 3 volumes of lidomil granules. % Can be added further. Lidomil granules added are effective for preventing / treating disease and root development. The added fiber increases the cohesion between the mixtures so that the mat-like soil is not easily broken, and when the fiber is added 5 vol% or more, the proportion of organic matter in the mixture becomes too large, resulting in poor breathability due to excessive moisture retention, and roots. Development and root net formation is worse.

In addition, the feeding device puts the mixture into the mold and is evenly flattened with a pusher. If the length of the fiber is not cut to 5 mm or less, the feeding of the long fiber will stick to the rod and the surface of the mixture put into the mold will be very irregular. The defective rate of the molded mat-like soil is also increased. If water is supplied to the mat-like soil at farmhouses, the thickness will swell more unevenly, which will greatly interfere with the seeding and growth of seeds. Since all the fibers have to be removed, the utilization rate and automation rate are greatly reduced.

When the mixture is put into the mold and the compression-molded mat tops may be attached to window papers or wall papers, and if they correspond to papers that can be easily decomposed by microorganisms in water or soil, in addition to the window papers or wall papers, they are all in equal range. Will belong.

On the other hand, the manufacturing method of the mat top soil for seedling cultivation of the present invention, 60 to 80% by volume, 3 to 10% by volume of peat moss, and the weight is formed by mixing at least one selected from diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite, elvanite Lightweight raw material prepared by mixing 2-20% by volume of raw material and one or more selected from perlite, vermiculite, masato, ocher, briquettes and acidic clay containing at least 50% by volume of granular form having a size of 1-5mm. A first step of preparing a mixture comprising ˜20% by volume; A second step of drying the water content of the mixture to 20% or less; And a third step of compressing the mixture into a mold at 50 to 90 ° C. for 2 to 9 seconds at a constant pressure.

The first step is a step of mixing a variety of raw materials and evenly mixed to prepare a mixture, the second step is a step of drying so that the moisture content of the mixture is 20% or less before being put into the mold.

In the third step, the mixture is introduced into the mold, and the mat-like clay compacted by the mold is naturally expanded as soon as it is discharged from the mold, so that the size of the mold (530-540 × 250-260 mm) is the size of the mat-like clay. It should be smaller than (550 to 560 × 260 to 270 mm) and the size of the mat top soil should be smaller than the size of the seedling box (570 to 580 × 270 to 280 mm) because the mat top soil expands upon water absorption. The height of the mold is preferably 13-20 mm for seeding medium, 18-25 mm for seedlings, 20-30 mm for medium hair, and 8-13 mm for covering soil, to be produced according to the application. .

The upper mat top soil of FIG. 4 is flattened by a mold (535 × 252 mm) to absorb moisture, while the lower mat top soil of FIG. 4 is compressed by a mold (543 × 262 mm) to absorb moisture. One can see that it swells larger than the seedling box and is so curved that it is difficult to sow.

The mixture is heated by compression for 2 to 9 seconds in a mold at 50 to 90 ° C. at a pressure of 556 to 850 kg / cm 2, thereby increasing the strength of the mat type soil by evaporating the water content of the mat type soil 2 to 5% during the molding process. Can be. In addition, when the compression pressure is smaller than 556 kg / cm 2 as shown in FIGS. 5A (when the compression pressure is 220 kg / cm 2) and FIG. 5B (when the compression pressure is 506 kg / cm 2), the mat-like soil is easily broken by external impact. When the compression pressure is greater than 850 ㎏ / ㎠, the mat-like topsoil is so compressed that the water absorption time exceeds 10 seconds, making it difficult to use the automatic seeding machine and the cost of the mold press becomes too expensive. In addition, relatively broken defects are not greatly improved due to limitations in the properties of the raw materials.

In addition, the present invention may further include a fourth step of attaching the window paper or the first wallpaper on the lower surface of the mat-like soil formed by the third step of compression molding the mixture at a constant pressure. This may increase the strength of the mat-like soil, the fourth step will be more effective when the compression pressure of the mold is less than 556 kg / ㎠.

In the fourth step, the fermented starch dissolved in water is applied to papers, and the papers are placed on the lower surface of the mat-like soil, and then attached using a iron heated at high temperature. Paper not only increases the strength of the mat-like soil, but also prevents mock roots from growing out of the bottom of the mat-like soil.

Referring to the function and action of the mat-like soil for seedling cultivation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

As described above, the mat-like soil for seedling cultivation of the present invention may be used as a mat-type cover by not adding fertilizer at all or by adding an appropriate amount and compressing the thickness to 1 to 2 mm. Such mat-type cover may be equipped with an automatic planter. It makes it possible to easily farm in poor or older farms. In other words, the mat top soil may be placed in a seedling box without seeding, so that the mat cover may be covered, and the mat top soil may be transferred to a water pond or a warming pond for watering. It is quite convenient because it can be moved to the nail.

When the user using the automatic seeding machine spreads the mat-like soil on the seedling box and supplies water, the mat-like soil absorbs the water through the passage where the granular lightweight raw material is crushed for 2 to 7 seconds to a thickness of 7 to 13 mm. It swells up and covers the soil after sowing. At this time, all the moisture is absorbed before applying the cover, so that the covered soil is not agglomerated, the growth of the crop is improved (FIG. 6), and the net formation of the root is also good (FIG. 7).

On the other hand, users who cannot use the automatic planter can plant the mat top soil in the seedling box, sowing without watering, cover the mat top soil and the mat top cover, and then transfer to the pond to supply water. It becomes usable.

The bottom of most seedling boxes used in farmhouses has a number of holes, and the hair roots growing into the bottom of the mat-like soil are formed through the holes formed in the bottom of the seedling box to the nail spot. Not only is there a great deal of difficulty in removing them, but the problem is that the roots are damaged.

The above problems can be completely solved by attaching papers such as window papers or primitive wallpaper on the lower surface of the mat-like soil.

The above description is merely illustrative of the technical spirit of the present invention, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may make various modifications and changes without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical idea of the present invention but to describe the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention should be interpreted by the claims below, and all technical ideas within the scope of the claims should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

As described above, according to the present invention, the water absorption time is considerably reduced even after compression molding by inserting the light-weight raw material in the form of granules, thereby enabling the use of a consistent automatic seeding machine, and the mat-like soil is not easily broken.

In addition, the fermentation starch is added to increase the adhesion between the mixture or the fiber of 5mm or less is added to strengthen the strength of the mat-like soil, and the growth of the roots and the formation of the root net is promoted by adding a weight raw material adsorbed fertilizer, Soil is used more and more repeatedly by using only clean raw materials, and it is possible to simultaneously do sowing and covering using mat-type topsoil and cover soil, thereby making the work much easier.

Therefore, it is expected to lead the domestic market by rapidly replacing the powdered clay, which has an annual market value of about 80 billion won, and is expected to become a promising export item for rice farming countries such as China, Japan and Southeast Asia.

Claims (8)

Cocoite 60-80% by volume; 3-10 vol% of peat moss; 2 to 20% by weight of a raw material formed by mixing at least one selected from diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite and elvanite; And 3 to 20 vol. Mat-like soil for seedlings, in which the mixture is compression molded to a constant thickness. The method of claim 1, The mixture is a mat type soil for seedling cultivation, characterized in that it further comprises 0.5 to 5% by volume of fermented starch. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The mat-like soil for seedling cultivation, characterized in that the fertilizer is adsorbed to the heavy material. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The mixture is 0.5 to 5% by volume of fiber composed by mixing at least one selected from hemp yarn, cotton yarn, palm fiber and chaff having a diameter of 2 mm or less and 5 mm or less; And 0.5 to 3% by volume of lidomyl granules. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The mat-like soil for seedling cultivation, characterized in that a window paper or a prime wall paper is attached to the lower surface of the mat-like clay is compression-molded. 60 to 80% by volume of coco peat, 3 to 10% by volume of peat moss, 2 to 20% by weight of a raw material formed by mixing at least one selected from diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite and elvanite, and 1 to 5 mm in size First step to prepare a mixture comprising 3 to 20% by volume of the light material, which is formed by mixing at least one selected from perlite, vermiculite, masato, ocher, briquettes, and acidic clay containing a granular form of at least 50% by volume. ; A second step of drying the water content of the mixture to 20% or less; And a third step of compressing the mixture in a mold at 50 to 90 ° C. for 2 to 9 seconds at a constant pressure. The method of claim 6, The mold is 530-540 mm wide, 250-260 mm long, The height of the mold is divided into 13-20 mm for seedling medium, 18-25 mm for seedlings, 20-30 mm for medium hair, and 8-13 mm for cover soil. The pressure for compressing the mixture is 556 ~ 850 kg / ㎠ method for producing seedling mat mat soil, characterized in that. The method according to claim 6 or 7, After the third step, the manufacturing method of the mat-like soil for seedling cultivation, characterized in that it further comprises a fourth step of attaching the window paper or the first wallpaper on the lower surface of the mat-like soil.

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