CN109804895A - A kind of seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of seedling medium preparation methods of soilless cultivation, which is characterized in that includes the following steps;A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material are selected respectively, A group organic substrate raw material is matched according to following material each component by number, the content of turf is 5~10 parts, the content of wood sawdust is 0.5~1 part, the content of stalk is 8~12 parts, the content of peanut shell is 0.1~0.5 part, the content of mushroom slag is 8~13 parts, the content of bagasse is 1~4 part, by the Ratio control of C/N best during secondary fermentation, early period N content excessive addition, conductivity increase is easy to appear in matrix, influence the growth of crop, later period addition avoids conductivity from increasing, wood sawdust, bagasse, stalk is all the organic waste of light industry, quantity is more, purposes is few, for producing vegetable soilless culture matrix, it can reduce environmental pollution, turn waste into wealth, it turns harm into good, quality is light, nutrient is complete, It is at low cost, it is easy to use, it can be widely applied to the matrix of vegetable soilless culture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soilless culture substrate production method, in particular to a kind of seedling medium system of soilless cultivation
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Soilless cultivation refers to the cultural method irrigated without natural soil with matrix or nutrient solution, mainly answers
With on vegetables or flowers, being a Xiang Shengshui, the high yield and high quality advanced technology for saving fertile saving of labor again, the technique functions are derived from 19th century
In, start the 1930s be applied to agricultural production, the countries uses such as Holland, Japan, New Zealand, Italy than wide,
Cultivation technique without soil develops in a countries use in the whole world more than 100 at present.
Substrate culture is the maximum a kind of mode of popularizing area in soilless cultivation.It is the root system of crop is fixed on it is organic
Or in inorganic matrix, by trickle irrigation or the method for trickle irrigation, crop nutrient solution is supplied.Most of countries in the world use at present
Gravel, sand, peat, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. are as fixed matrix.The many countries in Europe apply more base at present
Matter is rock wool, it be by 60% diabase, 20% lime stone and 20% coke mixing after, calcined at a high temperature of 1600 DEG C
Fusing, then it is sprayed into the fiber that diameter is 0.005 millimeter, then cooling is pressed into plate or various shape.The advantages of rock wool is can shape
At series of products (rock wool bolt, block, plate etc.), it is used for multiple times using convenient in carrying, and after can carrying out disinfection.But after using several years
It cannot recycle, the processing of waste rock wool is relatively difficult, is using the maximum Holland of Soilless culture area, is forming public hazards.Institute
With some people advocate to develop and use organic substrate now for Japan, can plough under in soil after use and make fertilizer and free from environmental pollution.
With the popularization and application of cultivation technique without soil, matched non-soil culture technology is also come into being, Chaoyang District, Beijing City,
The quantity of non-soil culture in 1987, the 33.5% of the total nursery quantity of Zhan, many places have been realized in Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings.
Seedling medium is the indispensable raw material of industrial seedling rearing, it is the dedicated substrate for needing to prepare according to seedling development, currently, state
Inside and outside most widely used seedling medium is with peat, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, mushroom slag, wood sawdust, reed, fine sand, coal
Slag, straw powder etc. are primary raw material, are formulated with the mixture of one or several kinds of raw materials.
Soilless cultivation is a new agricultural technology, has the characteristics that water-saving, saves fertilizer, laborsaving, shadow of the soilless cultivation by environment
Sound is smaller, can be widely applied to the fields such as houseplant decoration, roof greening, urban three-dimensional green.Not with its application range
Disconnected to expand, technical level improves rapidly, has evolved into the important technology of real an industrialized production in agriculture and modernization, and no soil is planted
The principal mode of training is substrate culture, and peat is a kind of ideal matrix, but peat is non-renewable resources, forbids excessively to open
It adopts, and the exploitation and the comprehensive high production cost such as freight of peat.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of seedling medium preparation methods of soilless cultivation, have and promote vegetables survival rate
And the problem of nutrition.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation,
Include the following steps;
S1: raw material selection:
S11: A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material are selected respectively, A group organic substrate raw material is according to following
Material each component is matched by number, and the content of turf is 5~10 parts, the content of wood sawdust is 0.5~1 part, the content of stalk is 8
~12 parts, the content of peanut shell be 0.1~0.5 part, the content of mushroom slag is 8~13 parts, the content of bagasse is 1~4 part, bark
Content is 2~4 parts, the content of stalk is 3~6 parts and the content of feces of livestock and poultry is 4~10 parts;
S12:B group raw material is matched according to following material each component by number: the content of grit is 1~3 part, perlite contains
Amount is 10~15 parts, the content of rock wool is 10~15 parts, the content of smoked charcoal is 4~8 parts and the content of vermiculite is 10~15 parts;
S2: raw material proportioning: the taking-up one from A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material proportionally respectively
Part mixes, and forms matrix body, and it is spare that matrix body is placed under 60 DEG C of steam after 20~30min of steaming cooling;
S3: substrate fermentation: matrix body waters by certain volume, blending fermentation, every cubic metre plus calcium superphosphate and fermentation
Each 2kg of bacterium, while water content being adjusted 70% or so, 2~4 are mixed or stirred using artificial or mechanical turn over matrix body
It is secondary, and pyramid shape is made in its heap, after the surface of pyramid shape is first covered with no gauze, and covered on surface with plastic foil
Lid was raised every 7 days by plastic foil and without gauze, is continued to turn over mixed or be stirred 2 times, continues to cover, keep the base in plastic foil
Plastid is in 50~60 DEG C of temperature, continues 20~25 days altogether, just the end of the step of fermenting;
S4: matrix is completed: it is sufficiently mixed that the matrix fermented is continuously added chicken manure, ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and matrix
It closes, continues to ferment, cover gas permeability covering in pyramid shape again, carried out stirring 2~3 times every 5~10 days, temperature can reach
55~60 DEG C or more, 2~3 achievable fermentations are repeated, 15~25 DEG C of temperature outdoor airings is placed in after fermentation and completes matrix
Preparation.
Further, in step S1, the content of turf is 6 parts, the content of wood sawdust is 1 part, the content of stalk is
10 parts, the content of peanut shell be 0.7 part, the content of mushroom slag is 10 parts, the content of bagasse is 2 parts, the content of bark is 3 parts, stem
The content of stalk is 4 parts and the content of feces of livestock and poultry is 7 parts.
Further, in step S1, the content of grit is 2 parts, the content of perlite is 12 parts, the content of rock wool is
13 parts, the content of smoked charcoal is 6 parts and the content of vermiculite is 13 parts.
Further, matrix body is first squirted for when killing virus in step S2, so that water content is reached 30%~40%, the good base of heap
It is carried out disinfection after matter by the steam of high temperature, so that water content reaches 75%~85%.
Further, in step S3, calcium phosphate and zymophyte puddle into increment microbial inoculum and provide to the strain of matrix body
Nutrition is equably sprinkling upon in the good pyramid shape material heap of heap, and on one side carry out side turn over, while sow increment microbial inoculum.
Further, in step S4, during secondary fermentation by the Ratio control of C/N near 30, early period, N contained
The excessive addition of amount is easy to appear conductivity increase in matrix, influences the growth of crop, later period addition avoids conductivity from increasing.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The seedling medium preparation method of this soilless cultivation, it is preceding by the Ratio control of C/N best during secondary fermentation
The excessive addition of phase N content is easy to appear conductivity increase in matrix, influences the growth of crop, later period addition avoids conductivity
Increase, wood sawdust, bagasse, stalk are all the organic wastes of light industry, and quantity is more, and purposes is few, are planted for producing vegetables without soil
Train matrix, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution is turned waste into wealth, and is turned harm into good, and quality is light, and nutrient is complete, at low cost, easy to use, can be with
It is widely used in the matrix of vegetable soilless culture.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall flow figure of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear;It is complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation, includes the following steps;
Step 1: raw material selection:
Step 1: select A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material respectively, A group organic substrate raw material according to
Lower material each component is matched by number, the content that the content of turf is 5~10 parts, the content of wood sawdust is 0.5~1 part, stalk
Content for 8~12 parts, peanut shell is 0.1~0.5 part, the content of mushroom slag is 8~13 parts, the content of bagasse is 1~4 part, tree
The content of skin is 2~4 parts, the content of stalk is 3~6 parts and the content of feces of livestock and poultry is 4~10 parts;
Step 2: B group raw material is matched according to following material each component by number: the content of grit is 1~3 part, perlite
Content be 10~15 parts, the content of rock wool is 10~15 parts, the content of smoked charcoal is 4~8 parts and the content of vermiculite is 10~15
Part;
Step 2: raw material proportioning: the taking proportionally from A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material respectively
A part mixing out, forms matrix body, and it is spare that matrix body is placed under 60 DEG C of steam after 20~30min of steaming cooling, kills
Matrix body is first squirted when malicious, so that water content is reached 30%~40%, is carried out disinfection after the good matrix of heap by the steam of high temperature, so that
Water content reaches 75%~85%;
Step 3: substrate fermentation: matrix body waters by certain volume, blending fermentation, every cubic metre plus calcium superphosphate and
Each 2kg of zymophyte, calcium phosphate and zymophyte puddle into increment microbial inoculum and provide nutrition to the strain of matrix body, are equably sprinkling upon heap
In good pyramid shape material heap, and on one side carries out side turn over, while sow increment microbial inoculum, while by water content adjusting 70%
Left and right is mixed or is stirred 2~4 times using artificial or mechanical turn over matrix body, and pyramid shape is made in its heap, first will be tetragonous
It after the surface of taper is covered with no gauze, and is covered on surface with plastic foil, was raised every 7 days by plastic foil and without gauze, after
It is continuous to turn over mixed or stir 2 times, continue to cover, the matrix body in plastic foil is kept to be in 50~60 DEG C of temperature, continue 20 altogether~
25 days, just the end of the step of fermenting;
Step 4: matrix is completed: the matrix fermented being continuously added chicken manure, ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and matrix and is filled
Point mixing, continue to ferment, during secondary fermentation by the Ratio control of C/N near 30, early period N content excessive addition,
It is easy to appear conductivity increase in matrix, influences the growth of crop, later period addition avoids conductivity from increasing, and adds again in pyramid shape
Lid gas permeability covering carried out stirring 2~3 times every 5~10 days, and temperature can reach 55~60 DEG C or more, and repeating 2~3 times can
Fermentation is completed, 15~25 DEG C of temperature outdoor airings is placed in after fermentation and completes matrix preparation.
Embodiment one:
Step 1: raw material selection:
Step 1: select A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material respectively, A group organic substrate raw material according to
Lower material each component is matched by number, and the content of turf is 6 parts, the content of wood sawdust is 1 part, the content of stalk is 10 parts, flower
The content of raw shell is 0.7 part, the content that the content of mushroom slag is 10 parts, the content of bagasse is 2 parts, the content of bark is 3 parts, stalk
Content for 4 parts and feces of livestock and poultry is 7 parts;
Step 2: B group raw material is matched according to following material each component by number: the content of grit is 2 parts, perlite contains
Amount is 12 parts, the content of rock wool is 13 parts, the content of smoked charcoal is 6 parts and the content of vermiculite is 13 parts;
Step 2: raw material proportioning: the taking proportionally from A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material respectively
A part mixing out, forms matrix body, and it is spare that matrix body is placed under 60 DEG C of steam after steaming 25min cooling, when antivirus
Matrix body is first squirted, so that water content is reached 30%, is carried out disinfection after the good matrix of heap by the steam of high temperature, so that water content reaches
75%;
Step 3: substrate fermentation: matrix body waters by certain volume, blending fermentation, every cubic metre plus calcium superphosphate and
Each 2kg of zymophyte, calcium phosphate and zymophyte puddle into increment microbial inoculum and provide nutrition to the strain of matrix body, are equably sprinkling upon heap
In good pyramid shape material heap, and on one side carries out side turn over, while sow increment microbial inoculum, while by water content adjusting 70%
Left and right is mixed or is stirred 2 times using artificial or mechanical turn over matrix body, and pyramid shape is made in its heap, first by rectangular pyramid
It after the surface of shape is covered with no gauze, and is covered on surface with plastic foil, raised every 7 days by plastic foil and without gauze, continue
It turns over mixed or stirs 2 times, continue to cover, keep the matrix body in plastic foil to be in 55 DEG C of temperature, continue 20 days altogether, fermentation is just
The end of the step;
Step 4: matrix is completed: the matrix fermented being continuously added chicken manure, ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and matrix and is filled
Point mixing, continue to ferment, during secondary fermentation by the Ratio control of C/N near 30, early period N content excessive addition,
It is easy to appear conductivity increase in matrix, influences the growth of crop, later period addition avoids conductivity from increasing, and adds again in pyramid shape
Lid gas permeability covering carried out stirring 2 times every 5 days, and temperature can reach 55 DEG C or more, is repeated 2 times achievable fermentation, has fermented
Matrix preparation is completed at 15 DEG C of temperature outdoor airings are placed on.
Embodiment two:
Step 1: raw material selection:
Step 1: select A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material respectively, A group organic substrate raw material according to
Lower material each component is matched by number, and the content of turf is 6 parts, the content of wood sawdust is 1 part, the content of stalk is 10 parts, flower
The content of raw shell is 0.7 part, the content that the content of mushroom slag is 10 parts, the content of bagasse is 2 parts, the content of bark is 3 parts, stalk
Content for 4 parts and feces of livestock and poultry is 7 parts;
Step 2: B group raw material is matched according to following material each component by number: the content of grit is 2 parts, perlite contains
Amount is 12 parts, the content of rock wool is 13 parts, the content of smoked charcoal is 6 parts and the content of vermiculite is 13 parts;
Step 2: raw material proportioning: the taking proportionally from A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material respectively
A part mixing out, forms matrix body, and it is spare that matrix body is placed under 60 DEG C of steam after steaming 30min cooling, when antivirus
Matrix body is first squirted, so that water content is reached 40%, is carried out disinfection after the good matrix of heap by the steam of high temperature, so that water content reaches
85%;
Step 3: substrate fermentation: matrix body waters by certain volume, blending fermentation, every cubic metre plus calcium superphosphate and
Each 2kg of zymophyte, calcium phosphate and zymophyte puddle into increment microbial inoculum and provide nutrition to the strain of matrix body, are equably sprinkling upon heap
In good pyramid shape material heap, and on one side carries out side turn over, while sow increment microbial inoculum, while by water content adjusting 70%
Left and right is mixed or is stirred 3 times using artificial or mechanical turn over matrix body, and pyramid shape is made in its heap, first by rectangular pyramid
It after the surface of shape is covered with no gauze, and is covered on surface with plastic foil, raised every 7 days by plastic foil and without gauze, continue
It turns over mixed or stirs 3 times, continue to cover, keep the matrix body in plastic foil to be in temperature 60 C, continue 25 days altogether, fermentation is just
The end of the step;
Step 4: matrix is completed: the matrix fermented being continuously added chicken manure, ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and matrix and is filled
Point mixing, continue to ferment, during secondary fermentation by the Ratio control of C/N near 30, early period N content excessive addition,
It is easy to appear conductivity increase in matrix, influences the growth of crop, later period addition avoids conductivity from increasing, and adds again in pyramid shape
Lid gas permeability covering carried out stirring 2 times every 5 days, and temperature can reach 55 DEG C or more, is repeated 2 times achievable fermentation, has fermented
Matrix preparation is completed at 20 DEG C of temperature outdoor airings are placed on.
In conclusion the seedling medium preparation method of this soilless cultivation, by the Ratio control of C/N during secondary fermentation
Best, early period N content excessive addition, be easy to appear conductivity increase in matrix, influence the growth of crop, later period addition is kept away
Exempt from conductivity increase, wood sawdust, bagasse, stalk are all the organic wastes of light industry, and quantity is more, and purposes is few, for producing vegetable
Dish soilless culture substrate, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution is turned waste into wealth, and is turned harm into good, and quality is light, and nutrient is complete, at low cost, user
Just, it can be widely applied to the matrix of vegetable soilless culture.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation, which is characterized in that include the following steps;
S1: raw material selection:
S11: A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material are selected respectively, A group organic substrate raw material is according to following material
Each component is matched by number, and the content of turf is 5~10 parts, the content of wood sawdust is 0.5~1 part, the content of stalk is 8~12
Part, the content of peanut shell be 0.1~0.5 part, the content that the content of mushroom slag is 8~13 parts, the content of bagasse is 1~4 part, bark
Content for 2~4 parts, stalk is 3~6 parts and the content of feces of livestock and poultry is 4~10 parts;
S12:B group raw material is matched according to following material each component by number: the content of grit is 1~3 part, the content of perlite is
10~15 parts, the content of rock wool be 10~15 parts, the content of smoked charcoal is 4~8 parts and the content of vermiculite is 10~15 parts;
S2: raw material proportioning: taking-up a part from A group organic substrate raw material and B group inorganic matrix raw material proportionally respectively
Mixing forms matrix body, and it is spare that matrix body is placed under 60 DEG C of steam after 20~30min of steaming cooling;
S3: substrate fermentation: matrix body waters by certain volume, and blending fermentation, every cubic metre adds calcium superphosphate and zymophyte each
2kg, while water content being adjusted 70% or so, it mixes or stirs 2~4 times using artificial or mechanical turn over matrix body, and
Pyramid shape is made in its heap, after the surface of pyramid shape is first covered with no gauze, and is covered on surface with plastic foil, every
It raises within 7 days, continue to turn over mixed or stirs 2 times by plastic foil and without gauze, continue to cover, the matrix body in plastic foil is kept to be in
In 50~60 DEG C of temperature, continue 20~25 days altogether, just the end of the step of fermenting;
S4: matrix is completed: the matrix fermented continuously added into chicken manure, ternary compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and matrix and is sufficiently mixed, after
Supervention ferment covers gas permeability covering in pyramid shape again, carried out stirring 2~3 times every 5~10 days, and temperature can reach 55~
60 DEG C or more, 2~3 achievable fermentations are repeated, 15~25 DEG C of temperature outdoor airings is placed in after fermentation and completes matrix preparation.
2. the seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation according to claim 1, in step S1, the content of turf is
6 parts, the content of wood sawdust be 1 part, the content of stalk is 10 parts, the content of peanut shell is 0.7 part, the content of mushroom slag is 10 parts,
The content of bagasse is 2 parts, the content of bark is 3 parts, the content of stalk is 4 parts and the content of feces of livestock and poultry is 7 parts.
3. the seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation according to claim 1, in step S1, the content of grit is
2 parts, the content of perlite be 12 parts, the content of rock wool is 13 parts, the content of smoked charcoal is 6 parts and the content of vermiculite is 13 parts.
4. the seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation according to claim 1 is first squirted for when killing virus in step S2
Matrix body makes water content reach 30%~40%, is carried out disinfection after the good matrix of heap by the steam of high temperature, so that water content reaches
75%~85%.
5. the seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation according to claim 1, in step S3, calcium phosphate and fermentation
Bacterium puddles into increment microbial inoculum and provides nutrition to the strain of matrix body, is equably sprinkling upon in the good pyramid shape material heap of heap, and
And on one side carry out side turn over, while sow increment microbial inoculum.
6. the seedling medium preparation method of soilless cultivation according to claim 1, in step S4, the mistake of secondary fermentation
In journey by the Ratio control of C/N near 30, early period N content excessive addition, conductivity increase is easy to appear in matrix, is influenced
The growth of crop, later period addition avoid conductivity from increasing.
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CN110692487A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-17 | 安徽艾比德生物科技有限公司 | Blueberry seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof |
CN112369303A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-19 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Preparation method of organic soilless culture substrate for cucumbers |
CN113475352A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-08 | 嘉兴学院 | Seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
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CN112369303A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-19 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Preparation method of organic soilless culture substrate for cucumbers |
CN113475352A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-08 | 嘉兴学院 | Seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
CN113475352B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-02-24 | 嘉兴学院 | Seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190528 |
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