CN108117448A - Vegetable culture medium using agricultural wastes production and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetable culture medium using agricultural wastes production and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108117448A CN108117448A CN201810019452.2A CN201810019452A CN108117448A CN 108117448 A CN108117448 A CN 108117448A CN 201810019452 A CN201810019452 A CN 201810019452A CN 108117448 A CN108117448 A CN 108117448A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
It is provided by the invention to utilize Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production and preparation method thereof, choose the agricultural wastes of Ningxia, China main characteristics industry, cow dung biogas residue, grape branch, maize straw, exploitation are suitble to the new medium for carrying out vegetable growing for Ningxia and the Northwest bare place soil.Not only can recycle these agricultural wastes, but can organic exploitation bare place soil carry out agricultural production, be the green ecology technique of a resource-conserving sustainable development.It is matched by researching and developing, this matrix has good cushion performance, fertilizer conservation water conservation, adaptable, validity period is long, low-cost advantage, and itself carries certain nutriment, is the Northwest's especially salt-soda soil, optimum substrate scheme of sand ground development vegetable growing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies more particularly to a kind of vegetable growing bases produced using agricultural wastes
Matter and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Ningxia is located in 38 degree or so of north latitude, is generally acknowledged in the world high-quality pasture and grape production district.In recent years, Ningxia
Power develops milk cattle cultivating and grape production.While modern agriculture fast development brings enormous benefits, also generate substantial amounts of
Agricultural wastes.It is shown according to latest data, Ningxia whole district milk cow livestock on hand 35.9 ten thousand in 2015, it is annual to generate 300,000 tons of cow dung
More than；610,000 mu of grape -growing areas in 2016, every year because trimming generates residual branch dead leaf up to 300,000 tons or more；Meanwhile Ningxia
Crops (corn, the millet, rice) stalk that area generates every year is up to 500,000~600,000 tons.Cow dung is chiefly used in biogas hair at present
Electricity, but substantial amounts of biogas residue can be generated, arbitrarily processing can cause harmful effect to ecology；Grape branch and maize straw, also only
There is 30-40% that can utilize, most of selection burning disposals or arbitrarily discarding pollute environment, and hold fire hazardous.China
Although vast territory and abundant resources, still there is substantial amounts of bare place soil, pass through the main agricultural wastes of research and utilization Ningxia, China
New cultivation matrix is developed, is to solve agricultural wastes to recycle the effective way for carrying out agricultural production with bare place.Peat
It is most widely used, the comparatively ideal a kind of cultivation matrix of effect in the world, however peat is a kind of money non-renewable in a short time
Source, the total amount of storage are limited.Peat substitute is found in research, and high-quality soilless culture organic group is synthesized using agricultural organic waste
Matter, while the bumper harvests of economic benefit and ecological benefits can be obtained, it is imperative.
The country also has in relevant patent application such as publication number CN102336597B (application number 201110262586.5)
State's patent discloses the method that cultivation matrix or seedling medium are produced using grape grape branch.This method is due to using grape branch
For item as matrix main material, porosity is larger, and preservation capacity of water and fertility is poor, and management measure is complex, germinates in seedling raising process
Situation is poor.The Chinese patent of publication number CN101715721A (application number 201010104425.9) is also disclosed to be given up using agricultural
Gurry prepares the method and soilless culture substrate of soilless culture substrate.This method, which carries out agriculture and forestry organic waste material pyrolysis processing twice, to be needed
Special equipment is used, cost is higher, process is cumbersome, is unfavorable for being widely popularized development.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provide it is a kind of using agricultural wastes production Vegetable culture medium and its
Production method, can not only recycle these agricultural wastes, but can organic exploitation bare place soil carry out agricultural production, be one
The green ecology technique of item resource-conserving sustainable development.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of Vegetable culture medium produced using agricultural wastes, the grape branch of the crushing including 2~3 parts by volume, 2
The river sand of maize straw after the fermentation of~3 parts by volume, the cow dung biogas residue after the fermentation of 2~3 parts by volume and 2 parts by volume.
Optimal, the maize straw after the fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, and the maize straw after crushing is laid with
After setting height, one layer of zymotic fluid is then sprayed, so repeatedly, maize straw fermentation heap is obtained, corn is kept during fermentation
Stalk fermentation heap water content is 50~70%, after the completion of fermentation, the maize straw after being fermented.
Optimal, the maize straw after the fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, will be crushed to length less than 1.5 centimetres
Maize straw be laid with 4~7 cm heights after, then spray one layer of zymotic fluid, so repeatedly, obtain maize straw fermentation
Heap, zymotic fluid include urea liquid and decomposed agent solution, in decomposed agent solution containing sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria,
Saccharomycete, and bacterium number >=5,000 ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100 mass parts plus the urea of 3 mass parts is configured to
The decomposed agent solution of urea liquid and 0.1 mass parts, it is 60% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, has been fermented
Cheng Hou, the maize straw after being fermented.
Optimal, the cow dung biogas residue after the fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, after the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap
Product fermentation, and outer side covers mulch when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, during fermentation
It is 50~70% to keep cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap water content, after the completion of fermentation, the cow dung biogas residue after being fermented.
Optimal, the cow dung biogas residue after the fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, after the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap
Product fermentation, and outer side covers mulch when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, during fermentation
It is 60% to keep cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap water content, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature and the environment temperature temperature difference are no more than 5
DEG C when, fermentation complete, the cow dung biogas residue after being fermented.
Optimal, the maize straw grain size after the flour is more than the grape branch stalk grain size after crushing, the Portugal after crushing
Grape branch grain size is more than cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, and cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size；The grape branch length of the crushing is small
In 1 centimetre；The river sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfecting.
A kind of production method of Vegetable culture medium using agricultural wastes production, comprises the following steps：
Grape branch processing：Grape branch is crushed, is dried after disinfection, the grape branch that obtains that treated；
Maize straw processing：Heap fermentation will be carried out after corn straw smashing, it is high that the maize straw after crushing is laid with setting
One layer of zymotic fluid is just sprayed after degree, so repeatedly, obtains maize straw fermentation heap, maize straw fermentation heap is kept during fermentation
Water content is 50~70%, in maize straw fermentation heap central temperature for the first time more than 50 DEG C when, the maize straw that obtains that treated；
Cow dung biogas Slag treatment：After the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and outer side covers mulch, cow dung biogas residue hair
When ferment heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, kept during fermentation cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap water content for 50~
70%, the cow dung biogas residue that obtains that treated；
Mixed fermentation：Will treated maize straw and treated the abundant mixing of cow dung biogas residue, mixed fermentation ferments the phase
Between keep the mixed fermentation heap water content to be 50~70%, when mixed fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, send out
After ferment is complete, mixed fermentation object is obtained；
It is mixed with：By 2~3 parts by volume treated grape branch, the mixed fermentation object of 4~6 parts by volume and 2 volumes
The river sand of part after mixing, obtains the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production.
Optimal, the maize straw processing step is specifically, will heap fermentation be carried out, after crushing after corn straw smashing
Length be less than after 1.5 centimetres of maize straws are laid with 4~7 cm heights and just spray one layer of zymotic fluid, so repeatedly, obtain jade
Rice stalk fermentation heap, zymotic fluid include urea liquid and decomposed agent solution, contain sporotrichum thermophile, gemma bar in decomposed agent solution
Bacterium, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, and bacterium number >=5,000 ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100 mass parts plus the urine of 3 mass parts
The urea liquid and the decomposed agent solution of 0.1 mass parts that element is configured to；Holding maize straw fermentation heap water content is during fermentation
60%, the maize straw that obtains that treated.
Optimal, after the cow dung biogas Slag treatment step is specifically, the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and it is outer
Side covers mulch, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, cow dung biogas residue is kept during fermentation
Fermentation heap water content is 60%, the cow dung biogas residue that obtains that treated；
The mixed fermentation step is specifically, by 2~3 parts by volume treated maize straw and the place of 2~3 parts by volume
The abundant mixing of cow dung biogas residue after reason, mixed fermentation, it is 60% that mixed fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, mixed fermentation heap
When central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, when mixed fermentation heap central temperature and the environment temperature temperature difference are no more than 5 DEG C
When, fermentation is completed, and obtains mixed fermentation object.
Optimal, the maize straw grain size after the flour is more than the grape branch stalk grain size after crushing, the Portugal after crushing
Grape branch grain size is more than cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, and cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size；In the grape branch processing step, institute
It states grape branch and is derived from that the vineyard summer cuts and the winter cuts and passes through the branch and dead leaf that fully dry, it is small that grape branch is crushed to length
It is directly spare after crushing without everfermentation in 1 centimetre；Described to be mixed in step, river sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfection
Reason.
As shown from the above technical solution, the Vegetable culture medium and its system provided by the invention produced using agricultural wastes
Make method, choose the agricultural wastes of Ningxia, China main characteristics industry, such as cow dung biogas residue, grape branch, maize straw, open
Hair is suitble to the new medium for carrying out vegetable growing for Ningxia and the Northwest bare place soil.Both this can be recycled
A little agricultural wastes, but can organic exploitation bare place soil carry out agricultural production, be a resource-conserving sustainable development
Green ecology technique.Matched by researching and developing, this matrix have cushion performance is good, fertilizer conservation water conservation, adaptable, validity period is long, into
This cheap advantage, and itself is with certain nutriment, is that the Northwest especially salt-soda soil, sand ground carry out vegetables
The optimum substrate scheme of cultivation.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of inventive embodiments is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1：
The Vegetable culture medium produced using agricultural wastes, the grape branch of the crushing including 3 parts by volume, 3 parts by volume
Fermentation after maize straw, 2 parts by volume fermentation after cow dung biogas residue and 2 parts by volume river sand.The grape branch wherein crushed
Length is less than 1 centimetre；River sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfecting.Maize straw grain size after flour is more than the Portugal after crushing
Grape branch stalk grain size, the grape branch grain size after crushing are more than cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, and cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size, no
With the material of grain size, it can be effectively improved the matrix prepared micro-structure, the retain water and nutrients that can increase matrix are eased up
Punching performance can improve the spatial distribution of root system, promote root system benign growths in matrix different layers, be base currently on the market
The advantages of matter does not possess.
Maize straw after fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, will be crushed to maize straw of the length less than 1.5 centimetres
It is laid with after 5 cm heights, then sprays one layer of zymotic fluid, so repeatedly, obtain maize straw fermentation heap, zymotic fluid includes urine
Plain solution and decomposed agent solution, containing sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete in decomposed agent solution, and bacterium number >=
5000 ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100kg plus the urea liquid that is configured to of urea of 3kg and the decomposing agent of 0.1kg
Solution, it is 60% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, after the completion of fermentation, the maize straw after being fermented.
Cow dung biogas residue after fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, after the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and it is outer
Side covers mulch, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, cow dung biogas residue is kept during fermentation
Fermentation heap water content is 60%, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is no more than 5 DEG C with the environment temperature temperature difference, has been fermented
Into the cow dung biogas residue after being fermented.
Using the production method of the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production, comprise the following steps：
The processing of S1 grape branches：Grape branch is crushed to length less than 1 centimetre, is dried after disinfection, obtains that treated
Grape branch, grape branch are derived from that the vineyard summer cuts and the winter cuts and passes through the branch and dead leaf that fully dry.
The processing of S2 maize straws：Heap fermentation will be carried out after corn straw smashing, the length after crushing is less than 1.5 centimetres of jade
Rice stalk just sprays one layer of zymotic fluid after being laid with 5 cm heights, so repeatedly, obtains maize straw fermentation heap, zymotic fluid bag
Urea liquid and decomposed agent solution are included, contains sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, and bacterium in decomposed agent solution
Number >=5 thousand ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100kg plus the corruption of urea liquid and 0.1kg that the urea of 3kg is configured to
Ripe agent solution；It is 60% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, after the completion of fermentation, the corn stalk that obtains that treated
Stalk.
S4 cow dung biogas Slag treatments：After the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and outer side covers mulch, cow dung biogas residue
When fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, it is 60% that cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation,
The cow dung biogas residue that obtains that treated.
S3 mixed fermentations：By 3 parts by volume treated maize straw and 2 parts by volume, treated that cow dung biogas residue is abundant
Mixing, mixed fermentation, it is 60% that mixed fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, and mixed fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C
When, stir up and down, when mixed fermentation heap central temperature is no more than 5 DEG C with the environment temperature temperature difference, fermentation is completed, and is mixed
Close fermentate.
S4 is mixed with：By 3 cubes, treated that grape branch, 5 cubes of mixed fermentation object and 2 cubes of river sand mix
After closing uniformly, the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production is obtained, wherein river sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfecting.
Maize straw grain size after flour is more than the grape branch stalk grain size after crushing, and the grape branch grain size after crushing is big
In cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size, and the material of different-grain diameter can make the micro- knot of the matrix prepared
Structure is effectively improved, and can increase the retain water and nutrients and cushion performance of matrix, can improve the spatial distribution of root system, promotes root
Benign growths in matrix different layers are tied up to, are the advantages of matrix currently on the market do not possess.
Embodiment 2：
The Vegetable culture medium produced using agricultural wastes, the grape branch of the crushing including 2 parts by volume, 3 parts by volume
Fermentation after maize straw, 3 parts by volume fermentation after cow dung biogas residue and 2 parts by volume river sand.The grape branch wherein crushed
Length is less than 1 centimetre；River sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfecting.Maize straw grain size after flour is more than the Portugal after crushing
Grape branch stalk grain size, the grape branch grain size after crushing are more than cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, and cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size, no
With the material of grain size, it can be effectively improved the matrix prepared micro-structure, the retain water and nutrients that can increase matrix are eased up
Punching performance can improve the spatial distribution of root system, promote root system benign growths in matrix different layers, be base currently on the market
The advantages of matter does not possess.
Maize straw after fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, will be crushed to maize straw of the length less than 1.5 centimetres
It is laid with after 4 cm heights, then sprays one layer of zymotic fluid, so repeatedly, obtain maize straw fermentation heap, zymotic fluid includes urine
Plain solution and decomposed agent solution, containing sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete in decomposed agent solution, and bacterium number >=
5000 ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100kg plus the urea liquid that is configured to of urea of 3kg and the decomposing agent of 0.1kg
Solution, it is 55% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, after the completion of fermentation, the maize straw after being fermented.
Cow dung biogas residue after fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, after the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and it is outer
Side covers mulch, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, cow dung biogas residue is kept during fermentation
Fermentation heap water content is 55%, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is no more than 5 DEG C with the environment temperature temperature difference, has been fermented
Into the cow dung biogas residue after being fermented.
Using the production method of the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production, comprise the following steps：
The processing of S1 grape branches：Grape branch is crushed to length less than 1 centimetre, is dried after disinfection, obtains that treated
Grape branch, grape branch are derived from that the vineyard summer cuts and the winter cuts and passes through the branch and dead leaf that fully dry.
The processing of S2 maize straws：Heap fermentation will be carried out after corn straw smashing, the length after crushing is less than 1.5 centimetres of jade
Rice stalk just sprays one layer of zymotic fluid after being laid with 4 cm heights, so repeatedly, obtains maize straw fermentation heap, zymotic fluid bag
Urea liquid and decomposed agent solution are included, contains sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, and bacterium in decomposed agent solution
Number >=5 thousand ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100kg plus the corruption of urea liquid and 0.1kg that the urea of 3kg is configured to
Ripe agent solution；It is 55% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, after the completion of fermentation, the corn stalk that obtains that treated
Stalk.
S4 cow dung biogas Slag treatments：After the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and outer side covers mulch, cow dung biogas residue
When fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, it is 55% that cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation,
The cow dung biogas residue that obtains that treated.
S3 mixed fermentations：By 3 parts by volume treated maize straw and 3 parts by volume, treated that cow dung biogas residue is abundant
Mixing, mixed fermentation, it is 55% that mixed fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, and mixed fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C
When, stir up and down, when mixed fermentation heap central temperature is no more than 5 DEG C with the environment temperature temperature difference, fermentation is completed, and is mixed
Close fermentate.
S4 is mixed with：By 2 cubes, treated that grape branch, 6 cubes of mixed fermentation object and 2 cubes of river sand mix
After closing uniformly, the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production is obtained, wherein river sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfecting.
Maize straw grain size after flour is more than the grape branch stalk grain size after crushing, and the grape branch grain size after crushing is big
In cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size, and the material of different-grain diameter can make the micro- knot of the matrix prepared
Structure is effectively improved, and can increase the retain water and nutrients and cushion performance of matrix, can improve the spatial distribution of root system, promotes root
Benign growths in matrix different layers are tied up to, are the advantages of matrix currently on the market do not possess.
Embodiment 3：
The Vegetable culture medium produced using agricultural wastes, the grape branch of the crushing including 3 parts by volume, 2 parts by volume
Fermentation after maize straw, 3 parts by volume fermentation after cow dung biogas residue and 2 parts by volume river sand.The grape branch wherein crushed
Length is less than 1 centimetre；River sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfecting.Maize straw grain size after flour is more than the Portugal after crushing
Grape branch stalk grain size, the grape branch grain size after crushing are more than cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, and cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size, no
With the material of grain size, it can be effectively improved the matrix prepared micro-structure, the retain water and nutrients that can increase matrix are eased up
Punching performance can improve the spatial distribution of root system, promote root system benign growths in matrix different layers, be base currently on the market
The advantages of matter does not possess.
Maize straw after fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, will be crushed to maize straw of the length less than 1.5 centimetres
It is laid with after 6 cm heights, then sprays one layer of zymotic fluid, so repeatedly, obtain maize straw fermentation heap, zymotic fluid includes urine
Plain solution and decomposed agent solution, containing sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete in decomposed agent solution, and bacterium number >=
5000 ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100kg plus the urea liquid that is configured to of urea of 3kg and the decomposing agent of 0.1kg
Solution, it is 65% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, after the completion of fermentation, the maize straw after being fermented.
Cow dung biogas residue after fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, after the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and it is outer
Side covers mulch, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, cow dung biogas residue is kept during fermentation
Fermentation heap water content is 65%, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is no more than 5 DEG C with the environment temperature temperature difference, has been fermented
Into the cow dung biogas residue after being fermented.
Using the production method of the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production, comprise the following steps：
The processing of S1 grape branches：Grape branch is crushed to length less than 1 centimetre, is dried after disinfection, obtains that treated
Grape branch, grape branch are derived from that the vineyard summer cuts and the winter cuts and passes through the branch and dead leaf that fully dry.
The processing of S2 maize straws：Heap fermentation will be carried out after corn straw smashing, the length after crushing is less than 1.5 centimetres of jade
Rice stalk just sprays one layer of zymotic fluid after being laid with 6 cm heights, so repeatedly, obtains maize straw fermentation heap, zymotic fluid bag
Urea liquid and decomposed agent solution are included, contains sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, and bacterium in decomposed agent solution
Number >=5 thousand ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100kg plus the corruption of urea liquid and 0.1kg that the urea of 3kg is configured to
Ripe agent solution；It is 65% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, after the completion of fermentation, the corn stalk that obtains that treated
Stalk.
S4 cow dung biogas Slag treatments：After the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and outer side covers mulch, cow dung biogas residue
When fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, it is 65% that cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation,
The cow dung biogas residue that obtains that treated.
S3 mixed fermentations：By 2 parts by volume treated maize straw and 3 parts by volume, treated that cow dung biogas residue is abundant
Mixing, mixed fermentation, it is 65% that mixed fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, and mixed fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C
When, stir up and down, when mixed fermentation heap central temperature is no more than 5 DEG C with the environment temperature temperature difference, fermentation is completed, and is mixed
Close fermentate.
S4 is mixed with：By 3 cubes, treated that grape branch, 5 cubes of mixed fermentation object and 2 cubes of river sand mix
After closing uniformly, the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production is obtained, wherein river sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfecting.
Maize straw grain size after flour is more than the grape branch stalk grain size after crushing, and the grape branch grain size after crushing is big
In cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size, and the material of different-grain diameter can make the micro- knot of the matrix prepared
Structure is effectively improved, and can increase the retain water and nutrients and cushion performance of matrix, can improve the spatial distribution of root system, promotes root
Benign growths in matrix different layers are tied up to, are the advantages of matrix currently on the market do not possess.
The application method of the present invention, with the double-colored PE bag containing soilless substrates of the black and white of a diameter of 30cm, matrix assembling amount is paved with bag containing soilless substrate
To h=20cm；Or the field planting groove of wide 30cm high 25cm is dug out in cultural area, and be laid with PE films (bottom perforating, 400/
㎡), and in field planting groove 20cm, thick matrix of the present invention are laid with.In the later stage in use, every batch of crop adds this in time after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested
Invention, it is ensured that stromal thickness is not less than 20cm.
The product of the present invention has carried out following field experiment.
4 crops for rotation are continuously arranged in July, 2015 in June, 2017, in Ningxia land reclamation and cultivation Ping Jibao ecologies villa garden company A14
Number heliogreenhouse using ' red auspicious ' tomato as examination material, is tested test recipe.
Make following analysis for the Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach of different substrates formula.
The Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach of 1 different substrates formula of table
As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention uses the grape branch and maize straw of appropriate particle size, adds in proper proportion river sand
Biogas residue is dehydrated with the cow dung after decomposed, formula sequence number 1, formula sequence number 2, formula sequence number 3 are found by detection and is formulated sequence number 4
The scope of unit weight is 0.7~0.9g/cm3, porosity is that 30%~50%, PH is 6.4~6.9, total salt content for 1.14~
1.31g/kg belongs within the scope of excellent substrates, has preferable thermal-insulating type and cushion performance；Its physical property, which determines, matches somebody with somebody
Square sequence number 1, formula sequence number 2, formula sequence number 3 and formula sequence number 4 are less than other formulas in seepage velocity and evaporation rate, and
It is best to be wherein formulated sequence number 1, formula sequence number 2 and formula sequence number 3, illustrates that there is good water-retaining property；And it is formulated sequence number 1, matches somebody with somebody
By the experiment of fertilizer leaching, N P and K average leaching in 7 days is formulated significantly less than other, is said for square sequence number 2 and formula sequence number 3
It is bright that there is preferable nutrient preserving capability.These advantages are all particularly suitable for vegetable growing.Observed by research, grape as liana,
Branch degradation after crushing is more slow, has permanent support function, is the index important as Vegetable culture medium, is same
The characteristics of type matrix does not possess.By comprehensive analysis, formula sequence number 1, formula sequence number 2 and formula sequence number 3 can be used as optimal
Vegetable growing formula.
The present invention is verified after optimum formula is obtained on tomato by continuously testing, and has been shown good
Effect, following table is application effect of the present invention on tomato.
Table 2 utilizes development and qualitative effects of the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production to ' red auspicious ' tomato
The present invention was tried out by the research of 2 years, was worked well.It can be seen from Table 2 that the present invention is used in tomato cultivation
Afterwards, tomato is promoted to shift to an earlier date 5~7 days to bloom；The more conventional soil cultivation tomato flavor of the present invention is stronger, the inclined sweet tea of Chinese preferably
Taste；Matrix of the present invention has preferable buffering and stores warm nature energy, can enhance plant resistance, use the plant sense of the present invention
Sick rate and Cracking fruit are respectively 1.6 and 1.3, are substantially less than the 3.6 and 5.6 of conventional soil, it is ensured that the base of tomato high yield high yield
Plinth factor；The present invention more conventional soil cultivation on single fruit weight and per mu yield is all improved, and fruit type is preferable.
It is provided by the invention to utilize Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production and preparation method thereof, selection Ningxia, China
The agricultural wastes of main characteristics industry, such as cow dung biogas residue, grape branch, maize straw, exploitation are suitble to for Ningxia
And the new medium of vegetable growing is carried out in the Northwest bare place soil.Not only these agricultural wastes can be recycled, but also can
Organic exploitation bare place soil carries out agricultural production, is the green ecology technique of a resource-conserving sustainable development.Pass through
Research and development proportioning, this matrix has good cushion performance, fertilizer conservation water conservation, adaptable, validity period is long, low-cost advantage, and
Itself carries certain nutriment, is the Northwest especially salt-soda soil, the optimum substrate side of sand ground development vegetable growing
Case.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Vegetable culture medium produced using agricultural wastes, it is characterised in that：Crushing including 2~3 parts by volume
Grape branch, 2~3 parts by volume fermentation after maize straw, 2~3 parts by volume fermentation after cow dung biogas residue and 2 parts by volume
River sand.
2. the Vegetable culture medium according to claim 1 produced using agricultural wastes, it is characterised in that：The fermentation
Maize straw afterwards is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, after the maize straw after crushing is laid with setting height, then sprays one
Layer zymotic fluid, so repeatedly, obtains maize straw fermentation heap, kept during fermentation maize straw fermentation heap water content for 50~
70%, after the completion of fermentation, the maize straw after being fermented.
3. the Vegetable culture medium according to claim 2 produced using agricultural wastes, it is characterised in that：The fermentation
Maize straw afterwards is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, will be crushed to maize straw of the length less than 1.5 centimetres and is laid with 4~7 centimetres
After height, then spray one layer of zymotic fluid, so repeatedly, obtain maize straw fermentation heap, zymotic fluid include urea liquid and
Decomposed agent solution, containing sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete in decomposed agent solution, and bacterium number >=5,000 ten thousand/
Gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100 mass parts plus the urea liquid that is configured to of urea of 3 mass parts and 0.1 mass parts
Decomposed agent solution, it is 60% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, after the completion of fermentation, the corn after being fermented
Stalk.
4. the Vegetable culture medium produced using agricultural wastes according to any one in claims 1 to 3, feature
It is：Cow dung biogas residue after the fermentation is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, after the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and
Outer side covers mulch when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, cow dung biogas is kept during fermentation
Slag fermentation heap water content is 50~70%, after the completion of fermentation, the cow dung biogas residue after being fermented.
5. the Vegetable culture medium according to claim 4 produced using agricultural wastes, it is characterised in that：The fermentation
Cow dung biogas residue afterwards is to obtain in accordance with the following methods, after the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and outer side covers mulch,
When cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, keep cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap aqueous during fermentation
It measures as 60%, when cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature and the environment temperature temperature difference are no more than 5 DEG C, fermentation is completed, and is fermented
Cow dung biogas residue afterwards.
6. the Vegetable culture medium according to claim 5 produced using agricultural wastes, it is characterised in that：The flour
Maize straw grain size afterwards is more than the grape branch stalk grain size after crushing, and the grape branch grain size after crushing is more than cow dung biogas slag particle
Footpath, cow dung biogas slag particle footpath are more than river sand grain size；The grape branch length of the crushing is less than 1 centimetre；The river sand is 30 mesh, and
By disinfecting.
7. the production method of a kind of Vegetable culture medium using agricultural wastes production, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
Grape branch processing：Grape branch is crushed, is dried after disinfection, the grape branch that obtains that treated；
Maize straw processing：Heap fermentation will be carried out after corn straw smashing, maize straw after crushing be laid with setting height it
One layer of zymotic fluid is just sprayed afterwards, so repeatedly, obtains maize straw fermentation heap, keeps maize straw fermentation heap aqueous during fermentation
Measure as 50~70%, in maize straw fermentation heap central temperature for the first time more than 50 DEG C when, the maize straw that obtains that treated；
Cow dung biogas Slag treatment：After the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and outer side covers mulch, cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap
When central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, it is 50~70% that cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, is obtained
To treated cow dung biogas residue；
Mixed fermentation：Will treated maize straw and treated the abundant mixing of cow dung biogas residue, mixed fermentation protects during fermentation
It is 50~70% to hold mixed fermentation heap water content, when mixed fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, has fermented
Quan Hou obtains mixed fermentation object；
It is mixed with：By 2~3 parts by volume treated grape branch, the mixed fermentation object of 4~6 parts by volume and 2 parts by volume
River sand after mixing, obtains the Vegetable culture medium of agricultural wastes production.
8. the production method of the Vegetable culture medium according to claim 7 using agricultural wastes production, feature exist
In：The maize straw processing step is specifically, will heap fermentation be carried out, the length after crushing is less than after corn straw smashing
1.5 centimetres of maize straws just spray one layer of zymotic fluid after being laid with 4~7 cm heights, so repeatedly, obtain maize straw fermentation
Heap, zymotic fluid include urea liquid and decomposed agent solution, in decomposed agent solution containing sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria,
Saccharomycete, and bacterium number >=5,000 ten thousand/gram, in the maize straw after the crushing of 100 mass parts plus the urea of 3 mass parts is configured to
The decomposed agent solution of urea liquid and 0.1 mass parts；It is 60% that maize straw fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, is obtained everywhere
Maize straw after reason.
9. the production method of the Vegetable culture medium according to claim 8 using agricultural wastes production, feature exist
In：After the cow dung biogas Slag treatment step is specifically, the dehydration of cow dung biogas residue is dried, heap fermentation, and outer side covers mulch, ox
When excrement biogas residue fermentation heap central temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, cow dung biogas residue fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation
For 60%, the cow dung biogas residue that obtains that treated；
The mixed fermentation step is specifically, will be after the processing of 2~3 parts by volume treated maize straw and 2~3 parts by volume
The abundant mixing of cow dung biogas residue, mixed fermentation, it is 60% that mixed fermentation heap water content is kept during fermentation, mixed fermentation heap center
When temperature is higher than 65 DEG C, stir up and down, when mixed fermentation heap central temperature is no more than 5 DEG C with the environment temperature temperature difference, hair
Ferment is completed, and obtains mixed fermentation object.
10. the production method of the Vegetable culture medium according to claim 9 using agricultural wastes production, feature exist
In：Maize straw grain size after the flour is more than the grape branch stalk grain size after crushing, and the grape branch grain size after crushing is big
In cow dung biogas slag particle footpath, cow dung biogas slag particle footpath is more than river sand grain size；In the grape branch processing step, the grape branch takes
From vineyard, the summer cuts and the winter cuts and passes through the branch and dead leaf that fully dry, and grape branch is crushed to length less than 1 centimetre, without
Everfermentation, it is directly spare after crushing；Described to be mixed in step, river sand is 30 mesh, and by disinfecting.
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