CN114208624A - Cultivation substrate for greening, light soil for roof greening, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Cultivation substrate for greening, light soil for roof greening, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000010921 garden waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 19
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 4
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000189144 Sedum lineare Species 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 as well as ceramsite Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003090 exacerbative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly discloses a cultivation medium for greening, light soil for roof greening, a preparation method and application, wherein the main components of the cultivation medium for greening comprise kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, garden waste, sandy soil and ceramsite. Moreover, the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple, realizes resource utilization of waste, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a cultivation medium for greening, light soil for roof greening, a preparation method and application.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development and the expansion of the society and urbanization, the urban ground greening area is increasingly tense, and the reduction of vegetation leads to the increase of the urban carbon dioxide concentration, thereby further exacerbating a series of environmental pollution problems such as the heat island effect. Therefore, in order to solve the problems, roof greening can be implemented to increase urban greening area, and further energy conservation and emission reduction are realized. The roof greening refers to special space greening of various buildings and structures which are mainly green on the roof and are separated from the natural soil on the ground, such as a balcony, the top of an underground garage, an overpass, a wall body and the like. The roof greening has the following advantages: (1) absorption of CO2、SO2、NOXToxic and harmful gases are avoided, the urban heat island effect is relieved, and urban air is purified; (2) the dry island effect of the city is relieved, and the moisture in the air is increased; (3) noise is reduced, and the service life of the roof is prolonged; (4) reduce the pressure of life and work, build graceful life, promote the taste in city.
At present, in roof greening, common roof greening substrates are prepared by mixing peat, turfy soil and other soil, as well as ceramsite, perlite and other inorganic components. The substances mostly belong to non-renewable resources, and have the problems of large load of the matrix, unsatisfactory water and fertilizer retention effect and the like. Therefore, the above technical solutions have the following disadvantages in practical use: most of the existing culture mediums for roof greening are formed by mixing peat, turfy soil and other soils with inorganic components such as ceramsite, perlite and the like, and have the problems of heavy load of the medium and unsatisfactory water and fertilizer retention effects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation medium for greening, which solves the problems that the existing cultivation medium for greening roofs, which is proposed in the background art, is mostly formed by mixing peat, turfy soil and other soil with inorganic components such as ceramsite, perlite and the like, and has heavy load of the medium and unsatisfactory water and fertilizer retention effects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cultivation substrate for greening comprises an inorganic substrate and an organic substrate, wherein the main components of the cultivation substrate for greening comprise kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, garden wastes, sandy soil and ceramsite; the cultivation substrate for greening is prepared by taking humus soil obtained by co-fermenting kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues and garden waste as an organic substrate and mixing the humus soil with sandy soil and ceramsite which are used as inorganic substrates.
In the embodiment of the invention, the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues and the garden waste compost product are used as the organic substrate, so that the production cost is greatly reduced, the problem of treatment of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues and the garden waste is solved, and the resource utilization of the waste is realized.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the cultivation substrate for greening, which specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing garden waste according to a certain proportion, crushing the garden waste into particles with the particle size of less than 1-5mm by using a high-efficiency crushing technology, mixing the crushed garden waste with the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue according to a corresponding proportion, adjusting the water content to be about 40-60 wt%, stacking and fermenting for 20-30 days at normal temperature, adding sandy soil and ceramsite according to a certain proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the cultivation medium for greening.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a cultivation substrate for greening prepared by the above method for preparing a cultivation substrate for greening.
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a lightweight soil for roof greening, which partially or completely contains the above-mentioned planting medium for greening.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an application of the light soil for roof greening in plant cultivation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation medium for greening provided by the invention mainly comprises kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, garden waste, sandy soil and ceramsite, can be used as light soil for roof greening, has the advantages of small volume weight and light load applied to a roof, is rich in nutrition, good in water and fertilizer retention, is mainly prepared from waste, low in price and easy to obtain, greatly reduces investment, is environment-friendly, can be used for roof greening, can also be used for growth of ground melons, fruits, vegetables and the like, and solves the problems that the existing cultivation medium for roof greening is mainly prepared by mixing peat, turfy soil and other soil, as well as ceramsite, perlite and other inorganic components, and has large load of the medium and unsatisfactory water and fertilizer retention effects. Moreover, the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple, and the prepared cultivation medium for greening has the characteristics of easily available raw materials, low cost, light weight, rich nutrition and good water and fertilizer retention effects, can be directly used as light soil for roof greening, not only provides light soil capable of meeting the application requirements of roof greening, but also solves the problem of treatment of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues and garden wastes, realizes resource utilization of wastes, and has a wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The cultivation substrate for greening provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises an inorganic substrate and an organic substrate, wherein the main components of the cultivation substrate for greening comprise kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, garden waste, sandy soil and ceramsite; the cultivation substrate for greening is prepared by taking humus soil obtained by jointly fermenting kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues and garden waste as an organic substrate and mixing the humus soil with sandy soil and ceramsite which are used as inorganic substrates.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, the garden waste, the sandy soil and the ceramsite is 20-50:25-55:2-12: 10-25.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, the garden waste, the sandy soil and the ceramsite is 25-40:30-45:5-10: 15-20.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue is biogas residue generated by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, which is waste generated in activities such as daily life, food processing, food service, and unit meal supply of residents, and includes discarded vegetable leaves, leftovers, fruit peels, eggshells, tea leaves, bones, and the like, and is mainly derived from household kitchens, restaurants, dining halls, markets, and other industries related to food processing.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue comprises the steps of crushing kitchen waste and excrement (specifically human or animal large intestine wastes, preferably chicken manure), mixing the kitchen waste and the excrement according to the mass ratio of 1-3:1-3 of volatile organic matters in the kitchen waste and the excrement, adding water to adjust solid content, performing hydrolysis acidification, performing methanation to obtain biogas residue and biogas slurry, performing filter pressing and drying on the biogas residue to obtain the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, and collecting the biogas slurry as adjusting water for subsequent composting.
Preferably, the kitchen waste and the volatile organic compounds in the excrement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the preparation method of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue of the kitchen waste, the solid content is adjusted to 10-30 wt% by adding water, and preferably the solid content is about 20 wt%.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrolytic acidification is hydrolytic acidification at 55-60 ℃ for 1-10 days, preferably hydrolytic acidification for 5 days.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the methanation is carried out at 55-60 ℃ for 20-40 days, preferably 30 days.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue of the kitchen waste is to perform high-temperature two-phase anaerobic fermentation on the kitchen waste, and specifically comprises the steps of crushing the kitchen waste and the chicken manure, mixing the crushed kitchen waste and the chicken manure according to the mass ratio of volatile organic compounds of 1:1, adding tap water, and adjusting the solid content to be about 20 wt%; hydrolyzing and acidifying at 55-60 deg.C for 5 days, pumping the acidified solution into methanation tank, methanation at 55-60 deg.C for 30 days, press-filtering the biogas residue in the methanation tank, air-drying the residue outdoors, and collecting biogas slurry as regulating water for subsequent composting.
In the embodiment of the invention, two problems of the application of the existing roof greening substrate are solved: (1) most of organic soil belongs to non-renewable resources and has higher cost; (2) the matrix has heavy load and the water and fertilizer retention effect is not ideal. The invention provides a formula of a cultivation substrate for greening, which is prepared by taking humus soil obtained by jointly fermenting kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues and garden waste as an organic substrate and mixing the humus soil with ceramsite and sandy soil as light soil for roof greening, so that the light soil capable of meeting the application requirement of roof greening is provided, the problem of treatment of the biogas residues obtained by anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste and the garden waste is solved, and the resource utilization of the waste is realized. More importantly, the light soil has light weight, easily obtained raw materials, low cost, rich nutrient substances and good water and fertilizer retention effects, and is suitable for popularization in big cities across the country.
The garden waste (garden greening waste) is also called garden waste or green waste, and mainly refers to withering of garden plants naturally, or withered branches, fallen leaves, withered grass, shrub pruning, tree and shrub pruning and other plant residues generated by artificial pruning, and mainly comprises withered branches, fallen leaves, grass clippings, arbor and shrub pruning, dead plants and the like, and the garden waste (garden greening waste) contains rich nutrient elements such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lipid substances and the like. The specific type of the garden waste is selected according to the requirement, and is not limited herein. Here, garden waste such as branches, fallen leaves and the like is preferable.
It should be further explained that, at present, the lightweight soil for roof greening in China rarely uses garden waste as a substrate, but various research results show that the roof greening substrate added with garden waste compost meets the roof load requirement, has good physicochemical properties, good plant growth, certain water retention and air permeability and the like, so that the application of the greening waste compost to roof greening has certain feasibility. After the garbage classification is carried out in each big city, the treatment of the kitchen garbage becomes a hot point and is also a difficult point. At present, anaerobic fermentation treatment of kitchen waste is a good treatment means for recycling waste. Anaerobic fermentation can convert kitchen waste into biogas at low cost, the content of methane in the biogas is generally 60%, and the balance is mainly carbon dioxide. After carbon dioxide is removed, the artificial natural gas with the methane content of 90 percent can be obtained. However, the treatment of biogas residues and biogas slurry generated by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste is always a difficult problem, if the biogas residues and garden waste are subjected to co-composting, and meanwhile, the solid content of an aerobic fermentation compost is adjusted by the biogas slurry, the problem can be well solved, the fertilizer efficiency of an organic fertilizer can be improved, and the synchronous harmless and recycling treatment of the kitchen waste and the garden waste is realized.
Therefore, the cultivation medium for greening provided by the invention has the advantages that the kitchen waste and garden waste are easily available in raw materials and low in price; the biogas residues contain major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and also contain trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and the like which play an important role in plant growth, so that the biogas residues are rich in nutrition, and a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms are killed at high temperature, so that the harm to the environment and crops in the later period is reduced; the weight of the soil is greatly reduced compared with that of common garden soil; the garden waste can replace the conventional soil after being crushed, has light weight and certain toughness, can effectively absorb water and retain water, can enhance the particle strength of the substrate after being mixed with biogas residues, and can adjust the corresponding C/N, and the product obtained by composting the garden waste and the biogas residues has the physical and chemical properties not inferior to peat soil, but has low price and is more suitable for being used as the substrate for roof greening.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the cultivation substrate for greening, which comprises the following steps:
weighing garden waste according to a certain proportion, crushing the garden waste into particles with the particle size of less than 1-5mm by using a high-efficiency crushing technology, mixing the crushed garden waste with the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to a certain proportion, adjusting the water content to be about 40-60 wt%, performing stacking fermentation (co-fermentation) at normal temperature for 20-30 days, adding sandy soil and ceramsite according to a certain proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the cultivation medium for greening.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the method for preparing the cultivation substrate for greening, the water content is adjusted such that the water content of the mixed material of the garden waste and the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue is about 40-60 wt% by adding the biogas slurry generated during the preparation of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue.
Preferably, the water content is adjusted by adding the biogas slurry generated in the preparation of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to enable the water content of the mixed material of the garden waste and the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to be about 50%.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the cultivation substrate for greening prepared by the preparation method of the cultivation substrate for greening.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the light soil for roof greening, and the light soil for roof greening partially or completely comprises the planting substrate for greening.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the light soil for roof greening comprises the planting substrate for greening, the light soil for roof greening further comprises nutrient elements necessary for plant growth, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, and the like, and is specifically selected according to the requirements, and is not limited herein.
The light soil for roof greening is an important component in roof greening, the quality of the light soil affects the survival rate of seedlings in the later period, the light soil for roof greening is uniformly covered on an area to be planted after the corresponding light soil for roof greening is formed, and the corresponding paving thickness is selected according to the type of the planted plants.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, a preparation and implementation method of light soil for roof greening comprises the following steps:
1) preparing corresponding inorganic matrix sand and ceramsite according to the mixture ratio;
2) carrying out high-temperature two-phase anaerobic fermentation on the kitchen waste, crushing the kitchen waste and the chicken manure, mixing according to the mass ratio of volatile organic compounds of 1:1, adding tap water, and adjusting the solid content to be about 20 wt%; hydrolyzing and acidifying for 5 days at 55-60 ℃, pumping the acidizing liquid into a methanation tank, carrying out methanation for 30 days at 55-60 ℃, carrying out filter pressing on biogas residues in the methanation tank, naturally drying residues outdoors for later use, and collecting biogas slurry as regulating water for subsequent composting;
3) crushing garden wastes such as branches and fallen leaves by using an efficient crushing technology until the particle size is smaller than 1-5mm, mixing the crushed garden wastes with the biogas residues according to a corresponding proportion, adding biogas slurry to enable the water content to be about 50 wt%, and carrying out accumulation fermentation at normal temperature for 20-30 days;
4) and (3) mixing the compost product with an inorganic matrix in proportion to form corresponding light soil, uniformly covering the soil in an area to be planted, and selecting corresponding paving thickness according to the type of the planted plant.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the light soil for roof greening in plant planting.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the application of the light soil for roof greening in plant cultivation, the light soil can be used for the growth of fruits, vegetables, etc. on the ground in addition to roof greening.
The technical effects of the cultivation substrate for greening of the present invention will be further described below by referring to specific examples.
Example 1
A light soil for roof greening comprises the following raw materials: 40kg of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues (from an existing kitchen waste two-phase anaerobic digestion device in a laboratory), 30kg of garden waste (collected fallen leaves and branches of science and technology university in Huazhong), 10kg of sandy soil and 20kg of ceramsite.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the light soil for roof greening specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing all the raw materials, mixing the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues with the crushed garden waste, adding a proper amount of biogas slurry, stacking and fermenting at normal temperature for 20 days, and mixing with ceramsite and sandy soil after fermentation to obtain 100kg of light soil for roof greening.
Example 2
The light soil for roof greening prepared in the example 1 is used for planting the crop sedum lineare, and specifically, the light soil is covered in a roof simulation groove, the size of the groove is 50cm multiplied by 8.5cm, geotextile is paved at the bottom of the groove to prevent the matrix from permeating, the height of the sedum lineare is 10 +/-1 cm, and the planting density is 64 plants/m2. Then watering once every 10 days, wherein the green period of Wuhan can last for more than half a year.
Example 3
The light soil for roof greening prepared in example 1 was tested, and the specific test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 table of results of testing light soil for roof greening
As can be seen from the results of table 1, the lightweight soil for roof greening prepared in the examples of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) the light soil for roof greening has small volume weight and light load applied to a roof; the volume weight of the natural silt is 2650kg/m3General soil volume weight 1340kg/m3The wet volume weight of the light soil for roof greening of the invention is 679kg/m3；
2) The light soil is rich in nutrition, good in water and fertilizer retention, and capable of meeting the requirements of common crops by laying a thin-layer matrix;
3) most of the raw materials are wastes, so that the cost is low and the investment is greatly reduced;
4) the environment is friendly, almost no additional fertilizer is needed, and the environmental protection requirement of roof greening is met; the light soil can be used for roof greening and can also be used for the growth of fruits, vegetables and the like on the ground.
Example 4
A cultivation substrate for greening comprises the following raw materials: 20kg of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, 25kg of garden waste (collected fallen leaves and branches), 2kg of sandy soil and 10kg of ceramsite. The preparation method of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue comprises the steps of crushing kitchen waste and chicken manure, mixing the kitchen waste and the chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 1:1 of volatile organic matters in the kitchen waste and the manure, then adding water to adjust the solid content to 10 wt%, then carrying out hydrolytic acidification for 1 day at 55 ℃, carrying out methanation for 20 days at 55 ℃ to obtain biogas residue and biogas slurry, carrying out filter pressing and drying on the biogas residue to obtain the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, and meanwhile collecting the biogas slurry as adjusting water for subsequent composting.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the cultivation substrate for greening specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing all the raw materials, crushing garden waste into particles with the particle size smaller than 1mm by using a high-efficiency crushing technology, mixing the particles with the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to a corresponding proportion, adding biogas slurry generated in the preparation of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to enable the water content of a mixed material of the garden waste and the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to be about 40 wt%, stacking and fermenting (co-fermenting) for 20 days at normal temperature, and adding sandy soil and ceramsite according to a proportion to be uniformly mixed to obtain the cultivation medium for greening.
Example 5
A cultivation substrate for greening comprises the following raw materials: 50kg of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, 55kg of garden waste (collected fallen leaves and branches), 12kg of sandy soil and 25kg of ceramsite. The preparation method of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue comprises the steps of crushing kitchen waste and chicken manure, mixing the kitchen waste and the chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 3:1 of volatile organic matters in the kitchen waste and the manure, then adding water to adjust the solid content to be 30 wt%, then hydrolyzing and acidifying at 60 ℃ for 10 days, then carrying out methanation at 60 ℃ for 40 days to obtain biogas residue and biogas slurry, carrying out filter pressing and drying on the biogas residue to obtain the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, and meanwhile collecting the biogas slurry as adjusting water for subsequent composting.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the cultivation substrate for greening specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing all the raw materials, crushing garden waste into particles with the particle size smaller than 5mm by using a high-efficiency crushing technology, mixing the particles with the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to a corresponding proportion, adding biogas slurry generated in the preparation of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to enable the water content of a mixed material of the garden waste and the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to be about 60 wt%, stacking and fermenting (co-fermenting) for 30 days at normal temperature, and adding sandy soil and ceramsite according to a proportion to be uniformly mixed to obtain the cultivation medium for greening.
Example 6
A cultivation substrate for greening comprises the following raw materials: 25kg of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, 30kg of garden waste (collected fallen leaves and branches), 5kg of sandy soil and 15kg of ceramsite. The preparation method of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue comprises the steps of crushing kitchen waste and chicken manure, mixing the kitchen waste and the chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 1:1 of volatile organic matters in the kitchen waste and the manure, then adding water to adjust the solid content to be 20 wt%, carrying out hydrolysis and acidification for 5 days at 58 ℃, carrying out methanation for 30 days at 58 ℃ to obtain biogas residue and biogas slurry, carrying out filter pressing and drying on the biogas residue to obtain the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, and meanwhile collecting the biogas slurry as adjusting water for subsequent composting.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the cultivation substrate for greening specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing all the raw materials, crushing garden waste into particles with the particle size smaller than 3mm by using a high-efficiency crushing technology, mixing the particles with the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to a corresponding proportion, adding biogas slurry generated in the preparation of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to enable the water content of a mixed material of the garden waste and the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to be about 50 wt%, stacking and fermenting (co-fermenting) for 25 days at normal temperature, and adding sandy soil and ceramsite according to a proportion to be uniformly mixed to obtain the cultivation medium for greening.
Example 7
Compared with the embodiment 6, the raw materials of the culture substrate for greening comprise: the method is the same as example 6 except that the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue is 40kg, the garden waste (collected fallen leaves and branches) is 45kg, the sandy soil is 10kg and the ceramsite is 20 kg.
Example 8
Compared with the embodiment 6, the raw materials of the culture substrate for greening comprise: 30kg of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, 35kg of garden waste (collected fallen leaves and branches), 6kg of sandy soil and 16kg of ceramsite, and the rest is the same as that in example 6.
Example 9
Compared with the embodiment 6, the raw materials of the culture substrate for greening comprise: the method is the same as example 6 except that 35kg of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, 40kg of garden waste (collected fallen leaves and branches), 7kg of sandy soil and 18kg of ceramsite.
Example 10
Compared with the embodiment 6, the raw materials of the culture substrate for greening comprise: the method is the same as example 6 except that the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues are 38kg, the garden waste (collected fallen leaves and branches) is 42kg, the sandy soil is 6kg and the ceramsite is 19 kg.
Example 11
Compared with the example 6, the method is the same as the example 6 except that the kitchen waste and the chicken manure are crushed and mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3 of the volatile organic compounds in the kitchen waste and the manure in the preparation method of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue of the kitchen waste.
Example 12
Compared with the example 6, the method is the same as the example 6 except that the kitchen waste and the chicken manure are crushed and mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1 of the volatile organic compounds in the kitchen waste and the manure in the preparation method of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue of the kitchen waste.
Example 13
Compared with the example 6, the method is the same as the example 6 except that the kitchen waste and the chicken manure are crushed and mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:3 of the volatile organic compounds in the kitchen waste and the manure in the preparation method of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue of the kitchen waste.
Example 14
The same procedure as in example 6 was repeated, except that the hydrolysis and acidification at 56 ℃ for 8 days was followed by methanation at 56 ℃ for 35 days in comparison with example 6.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a cultivation medium for greening, which is used as novel roof greening light soil, has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, low cost, light weight, rich nutrition and good water and fertilizer retention effects, and integrates the advantages of an anaerobic fermentation system and an aerobic composting system. A small amount of biogas slurry generated by dry fermentation of the kitchen waste is used for adjusting the water content of the aerobic composting raw material, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is improved, and the problem of biogas slurry discharge is solved; the biogas residues after high-temperature fermentation and the crushed garden wastes are mixed and composted, so that the problem of biogas residue treatment is solved, the particle strength of the light soil is enhanced, and the C/N ratio is adjusted, so that the light soil has good toughness and water and fertilizer retention properties.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the temperature of the aerobic compost can reach more than 70 ℃ in the high-temperature stage, the aerobic compost can be maintained for 3-5 days in the high-temperature stage, a large number of toxic and harmful microorganisms can be killed in the high-temperature stage, the aerobic compost has the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests, most of toxic and harmful organic matters are degraded, the temperature is reduced, and the aerobic compost enters the decomposition and drying stage, so that the produced humus soil is rich in nutrient substances and good in water and fertilizer retention effects. The garden waste compost can also improve the volume weight and water holding pores of the matrix and reduce the total pores and ventilation pores of the matrix; the pH value, EC value, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content of the matrix can be increased.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation substrate for greening is characterized in that the main components of the cultivation substrate for greening comprise kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, garden waste, sandy soil and ceramsite; the cultivation substrate for greening is prepared by taking humus soil obtained by jointly fermenting kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues and garden waste as an organic substrate and mixing the humus soil with sandy soil and ceramsite which are used as inorganic substrates.
2. A cultivation substrate for greening according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, the garden waste, the sandy soil and the ceramsite is 20-50:25-55:2-12: 10-25.
3. A cultivation substrate for greening according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, the garden waste, the sandy soil and the ceramsite is 25-40:30-45:5-10: 15-20.
4. The cultivation substrate for greening according to claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue is prepared by crushing kitchen waste and excrement, mixing the kitchen waste and the excrement according to the mass ratio of 1-3:1-3 of volatile organic matters in the kitchen waste and the excrement, then adding water to adjust solid content, performing hydrolytic acidification and methanation to obtain biogas residue and biogas slurry, and performing filter pressing and drying on the biogas residue to obtain the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue.
5. A cultivation substrate for greening according to claim 4, wherein in the preparation method of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, the solid content is adjusted to 10-30 wt% by adding water.
6. The cultivation substrate for greening as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the method for preparing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, the hydrolytic acidification is hydrolytic acidification for 1-10 days at 55-60 ℃, and the methane production is anaerobic methanation for 20-40 days at 55-60 ℃.
7. A method for preparing a cultivation substrate for afforestation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: weighing garden waste according to a proportion, crushing the garden waste, mixing the garden waste with the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to a proportion, adjusting the water content to 40-60 wt%, stacking and fermenting for 20-30 days at normal temperature, adding sandy soil and ceramsite according to a proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the cultivation medium for greening.
8. A cultivation substrate for greening produced by the method for producing a cultivation substrate for greening according to claim 7.
9. A lightweight soil for roof greening, characterized in that the lightweight soil for roof greening comprises the cultivation substrate for greening as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 partially or totally.
10. Use of the lightweight soil for roof greening according to claim 9 for plant cultivation.
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