CN110776348A - Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using kitchen degradation products and garden wastes - Google Patents
Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using kitchen degradation products and garden wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110776348A CN110776348A CN201911152294.9A CN201911152294A CN110776348A CN 110776348 A CN110776348 A CN 110776348A CN 201911152294 A CN201911152294 A CN 201911152294A CN 110776348 A CN110776348 A CN 110776348A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing kitchen degradation products and garden wastes, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the kitchen degradation product, garden waste, auxiliary materials and microbial inoculum; (2) adjusting the water content of the mixture in the step (1); (3) putting the mixture obtained in the step (2) into a fermentation device for fermentation; (4) and (4) after the fermentation is finished, cooling the fermentation product obtained in the step (3) to normal temperature, and then air-drying to obtain the organic fertilizer. The treatment process disclosed by the invention is simple, the kitchen degradation product and garden waste are subjected to aerobic fermentation, the waste water and waste residues generated in each step are reasonably utilized, the treatment cost is lower, the fermentation process is totally closed, the automation degree is high, the effect is stable, the fermentation period is short, the treatment capacity is large, the fertilizer output effect is good, the problem of treatment of part of waste is effectively solved, and the effective recycling of the kitchen degradation product and garden waste is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, relates to a treatment technology of kitchen degradation products and garden waste, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing kitchen degradation products and garden waste.
Background
The kitchen waste has high water content, is easy to decay and smell, and has quick germ reproduction. Meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is rich in organic matters, grease and nutrient elements, and has high recovery value. Many kitchen wastes are recycled to produce illegal cooking oil and animal feed, and the utilization modes bring great hidden dangers to human and animal health. The current kitchen waste resource utilization technology mainly comprises: incineration, anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting. The high-temperature aerobic microbial degradation technology is a new technology in recent years, and the degradation temperature of the kitchen waste can reach 70 ℃ under the action of special microbes, so that the kitchen waste is harmless; meanwhile, the water content is reduced to below 30% within 24h, and the weight reduction effect is obvious. The degradation product has low water content and high organic matter content, contains N, K, P and medium trace elements, and has resource utilization value.
The treatment mode of the garden waste mainly comprises incineration, fertilizer formation and matrix, and the garden waste has higher organic content but lower nutrient content. In the landscaping planning and repair of cities and towns, collected garden waste is usually treated in modes of landfill or discarding and the like, and in the treatment modes, the garden waste is not easy to rot, and is easy to breed mosquitoes and flies to cause germ propagation and water source pollution, so that the ecological environment is seriously influenced. Garden waste is often treated in a manner of making organic fertilizer. In the process of using garden waste to make organic fertilizer, the quality of the organic fertilizer is poor because the nutrients are single and the concentration of acid substances is high.
The amount of kitchen waste and garden waste is extremely large, and an effective way for treating the waste is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a combined treatment method according to the characteristics of kitchen degradation products and garden waste, the kitchen degradation products and the garden waste are mixed and fermented to prepare an organic fertilizer, so that the porosity in the fermentation process can be increased, the nutrients and organic matters of garden waste organic fertilizer products can be effectively improved, and the kitchen degradation products and the garden waste are more scientifically, environmentally and effectively treated and utilized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of an organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the kitchen degradation product, garden waste, auxiliary materials and microbial inoculum;
(2) adjusting the water content of the mixture in the step (1);
(3) putting the mixture obtained in the step (2) into a fermentation device for fermentation;
(4) after fermentation is finished, discharging and air-drying after the fermentation product in the step (3) is cooled to normal temperature to obtain an organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen degradation product to the garden waste in the step (1) is 1-5: 1; the using amount of the auxiliary materials is 5-10% of the total mass of the kitchen degradation products and the garden waste, and the using amount of the microbial inoculum is 1-10% of the total mass of the kitchen degradation products and the garden waste; the water content of the mixture in the step (2) is 56-65%; (3) the fermentation temperature is 50-75 ℃; continuous fermentation for 7 days is needed during initial fermentation; the subsequent fermentation was fed daily for a fermentation period of 1 day.
The kitchen degradation product is a product of kitchen waste treated by any type of kitchen degradation equipment (patented) of Okelin kitchen degradation equipment Limited, Guangzhou, and is subjected to harmless treatment, no flowing water is generated, no sewage is treated again, and pollutants are reduced; the problem of unstable fermentation of kitchen waste is still solved, very big reduction the processing time and do not influence the fermentation effect. During fermentation, the microbial inoculum is used as an organic fertilizer to prepare the microbial inoculum, fermentation is carried out through a roller fermentation tank device, and ventilation is carried out at regular time, so that the fermentation temperature is ensured to be within the range of 50-75 ℃, and the temperature is higher than 70 ℃ for additional primary gas supply. The first fermentation period is 7 days, after the first fermentation period is filled with materials, feeding materials are discharged every day, the discharged materials enter a composting groove, a turner regularly turns over the materials, the raw materials enter from the front end, and the semi-finished compost is discharged from a discharging end. And finally, if the diameter of the produced organic fertilizer is larger than 3mm, returning materials, crushing the organic fertilizer, and fermenting the crushed organic fertilizer and a new mixture.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kitchen degradation product in step (1) is a high organic matter semi-finished product, the moisture content is not higher than 60%, and the oil content is not higher than 4%. When the moisture of the kitchen degradation product is lower than 40%, the degradation product can be temporarily stored.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the garden waste in the step (1) is crushed, and the crushed garden waste has an average density of 0.4kg/L and a diameter of not more than 1 cm. Among the gardens discarded object, old gardens discarded object is broken, and fresh gardens discarded object is broken through smashing the squeezer, and the waste water that the breakage produced can be used to follow-up moisture of adjusting the fermentation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary materials in step (1) are components containing high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, including livestock and poultry manure and rice bran.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microbial agent in the step (1) has a function of degrading lignocellulose and oil.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water content of the mixture in the step (2) is adjusted to 56% to 65%.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water used for adjusting the water content of the mixture in the step (2) is domestic wastewater and/or wastewater generated by breaking garden waste.
The waste water generated by crushing the domestic waste water and the garden waste is used for adjusting the moisture of the mixed materials, so that the waste water can be effectively treated and utilized, clean water resources are saved, and the environment is protected.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the temperature is adjusted to 50 ℃ to 75 ℃ by aeration during fermentation, and the maximum temperature during fermentation is greater than 70 ℃.
The highest temperature of fermentation reaches 70 ℃ at least once, and the insecticidal effect is achieved.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the air drying mode in the step (4) is to use an elevator conveyor belt to transport the organic fertilizer into a tank-type fermentation tank, and carry out turning and aging periodically, wherein the water content of the dried organic fertilizer is below 30%.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises at least one of the following steps: a) the garden waste in the step (1) is prepared by crushing fresh garden waste, and juice generated after crushing is mixed with auxiliary materials and a fermentation microbial inoculum to prepare a liquid fertilizer; b) and adsorbing the waste gas generated in the treatment process.
Waste gas (including dust) generated in the processes of stacking, crushing, fermentation and the like is adsorbed by the filtering and deodorizing device and is discharged into the atmosphere after reaching a safety threshold. Crushing fresh garden waste to obtain rich juice, adding an auxiliary material accounting for 5-10% of the mass of the fresh garden waste and a microbial inoculum accounting for 1-10% of the mass of the fresh garden waste, fermenting to obtain an organic fertilizer, and canning for sale; the auxiliary materials are components containing high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, and the microbial inoculum is an organic fertilizer preparation microbial inoculum.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of granulating the organic fertilizer.
And after the organic fertilizer is detected to meet the NY525 standard, warehousing or granulating and storing, and packaging and selling.
The invention also claims an organic fertilizer prepared by aerobic fermentation of the kitchen degradation products and garden waste.
The method of the invention carries out aerobic fermentation on the kitchen degradation products and garden waste, reasonably utilizes the waste water and waste residue generated in each step, and realizes effective recycling of the kitchen degradation products and garden waste. By optimizing the water proportion and the temperature range during fermentation and using matched fermentation equipment, the fermentation space can be greatly saved, the aerobic fermentation time is shortened, the time for producing qualified organic fertilizer is reasonably arranged, the quality is ensured, and the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is improved; in addition, the invention also treats the waste gas generated in the treatment process, and the waste gas reaches the standard and is discharged without peculiar smell, and the invention has no pollution to the atmospheric environment and is more environment-friendly. The treatment method has the advantages of simple process, low treatment cost, totally-enclosed operation of the fermentation process, short fermentation period, large treatment capacity and good fertilizer output effect, effectively solves the problem of treatment of partial wastes, and the produced organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer are used for agricultural production, thereby reducing the damage to the nature and achieving the purposes of recycling and harmlessness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the organic fertilizer prepared by aerobic fermentation of the kitchen degradation products and garden waste.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the fermentation process of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a fertilizer production line for processing the organic fertilizer coarse material into a fine organic fertilizer in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps (refer to figures 1-3):
(1) collecting kitchen degradation products, fresh or dried garden wastes (garden wastes are crushed, and water content is too high for squeezing) for temporary storage, and matching with auxiliary materials, microbial inoculum and the like;
(2) the material properties are inspected through a base, auxiliary material supplement is carried out on the components, the weighed raw materials, the added supplementary auxiliary materials and the microbial inoculum are mixed uniformly by using a stirring tool, and the water content is adjusted to be 56-65%;
(3) putting the mixed materials into a matched fermentation device, ventilating at regular time to ensure that the temperature of the materials is raised to be more than 50 ℃ under the state of ensuring the moisture of the materials, and the condition that the temperature of the materials is higher than 70 ℃ is optimal, reducing the temperature of the materials to be slightly higher than the normal temperature, and finishing the fermentation;
(4) slightly higher than the normal temperature, the material needs to be air-dried in an aging field, and when the moisture of the material is lower than 30%, the organic fertilizer is manufactured;
(5) after screening, the finished organic fertilizer is directly packaged or granulated and packaged in uniform texture, temporarily stored and put in storage for sale.
The kitchen degradation product in the step (1) is a high organic matter semi-finished product and needs secondary processing, and garden waste needs to be crushed;
all the domestic wastewater and the wastewater generated by crushing the fresh garden waste in the step (2) can be used for adjusting the moisture of the mixed materials;
and (4) adding corresponding auxiliary materials into the waste water generated by crushing and squeezing the fresh garden waste in the step (3) for fermentation, preparing liquid fertilizer, bottling, canning and selling. Waste gas generated in the processes of stacking, crushing, fermenting and the like is adsorbed by the filtering and deodorizing device, and the waste gas discharged to the atmosphere reaches a safety threshold value and is discharged.
Based on the steps, the kitchen degradation product and garden waste are mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:1, the kitchen degradation product with the water content of 25% -35% and the density of 0.7-0.8 is selected, the kitchen degradation product is mixed with mixing equipment to crush garden waste (the average density is about 0.4) with the diameter of less than 1cm, at the moment, a conditioner is added according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and 5% of auxiliary materials and 1% of functional microbial inoculum for promoting fermentation are added into the mixed raw materials. And detecting the water content of the raw materials, and performing water regulation by using the crushed garden juice and the crushed waste water to ensure that the water content of the fermentation raw materials is between 50 and 65 percent. Controlling the change of water and temperature in the fermentation process, adding water when the water content is less than 50%, heating to about 50 deg.C within 24h, continuously heating to about 70 deg.C, maintaining water in the optimum interval, and taking out of the roller fermentation tank after seven days to complete harmless treatment. And moving the organic fertilizer into a tank, keeping the temperature of the material unchanged, and finishing the finished product of the organic fertilizer, wherein the water content of the aged and weathered organic fertilizer is lower than 30%.
The yield, the time and the organic fertilizer quality parameters of the qualified organic fertilizer which is in accordance with NY525 are as follows:
1000kg of kitchen degradation products are treated and 200kg of garden waste is matched to produce 720kg of organic fertilizer, the time is taken for 16 days, the pH value of the organic fertilizer is 8.39, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2.21%, 1.81% and 1.44%, the organic matter content is 68.41%, metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic are within the limit value, and the GI of compost leaching liquor is more than 50%, which all meet the organic fertilizer standard of NY525 Ministry of agriculture.
Example 2
The proportioning method of the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 1 except that the raw materials are obtained by mixing the kitchen degradation product and the garden waste according to the weight ratio of 3: 1.
The yield, the time and the organic fertilizer quality parameters of the qualified organic fertilizer which is in accordance with NY525 are as follows:
1000kg of kitchen degradation products are treated and matched with 333kg of garden waste to produce 750kg of organic fertilizer, the time is 15 days, the pH value of the organic fertilizer is 7.96, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2.44%, 1.99% and 1.36%, the organic matter content is 64.87%, metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic are within the limit value, and the GI of compost leaching liquor is more than 50%, which all meet the organic fertilizer standard of NY525 Ministry of agriculture.
Example 3
The proportioning method of the embodiment is the same as that of case 1 except that the raw materials are obtained by mixing the kitchen degradation product and the garden waste according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.
The yield, the time and the organic fertilizer quality parameters of the qualified organic fertilizer which is in accordance with NY525 are as follows:
1000kg of kitchen degradation products are treated and matched with 1000kg of garden wastes to produce 1000kg of organic fertilizer, the time is 15 days, the pH value of the organic fertilizer is 7.23, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2.57%, 1.94% and 1.42%, the organic matter content is 62.78%, metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic are within the limit value, and the GI of compost leaching liquor is more than 50%, which all meet the organic fertilizer standard of NY525 Ministry of agriculture.
Example 4
The proportioning method of the embodiment is the same as the case 1 except that the raw material kitchen degradation product is selected to have the water content of 40-60%.
1000kg of kitchen degradation products are treated and 200kg of garden waste is matched to produce 700kg of organic fertilizer, the time is 15 days, the pH value of the organic fertilizer is 7.54, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 1.99%, 1.65% and 1.54%, the organic matter content is 66.45%, metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic are within the limit values, and the GI of compost leaching liquor is more than 50%, which all meet the organic fertilizer standard of NY525 Ministry of agriculture.
Comparative example 1
Except that the kitchen degradation product is changed into kitchen waste as the raw material, the kitchen waste is subjected to crushing and dehydration by using a crushing and dehydration device, so that the mixed water content of the raw material is about 60%; the preparation steps of the rest components and the subsequent treatment are the same as those in example 1.
The yield, the time and the organic fertilizer quality parameters of the qualified organic fertilizer which is in accordance with NY525 are as follows:
1000kg of kitchen waste is treated and 200kg of garden waste is matched to produce 600kg of organic fertilizer, the time is 41 days, the pH value of the organic fertilizer is 6.59, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 1.76%, 1.65% and 1.64%, the organic matter content is 80.41%, metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic are within the limit value, and the GI of compost leaching liquor is more than 50%, which meets the organic fertilizer standard of NY525 Ministry of agriculture. According to the method, the kitchen waste can also produce qualified organic fertilizer, but the process speed without kitchen degradation products is high, and the yield and the quality of the fertilizer are obviously poorer than those of the fertilizer in example 1.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the kitchen degradation product, garden waste, auxiliary materials and microbial inoculum;
(2) adjusting the water content of the mixture in the step (1);
(3) putting the mixture obtained in the step (2) into a fermentation device for fermentation;
(4) after fermentation is finished, discharging and air-drying after the fermentation product in the step (3) is cooled to normal temperature to obtain an organic fertilizer;
wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen degradation product to the garden waste in the step (1) is 1-5: 1; the using amount of the auxiliary materials is 5-10% of the total mass of the kitchen degradation products and the garden waste, and the using amount of the microbial inoculum is 1-10% of the total mass of the kitchen degradation products and the garden waste; the water content of the mixture in the step (2) is 56-65%; (3) the fermentation temperature is 50-75 ℃; continuous fermentation for 7 days is needed during initial fermentation; the subsequent fermentation was fed daily for a fermentation period of 1 day.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the kitchen degradation product in the step (1) is a high organic matter semi-finished product, the moisture content is not higher than 60%, and the oil content is not higher than 4%; the garden waste is crushed, the average density of the crushed garden waste is 0.4kg/L, and the diameter of the crushed garden waste is not more than 1 cm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supplementary material in step (1) comprises livestock and poultry manure, rice bran.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculum in step (1) has a function of degrading lignocellulose and grease.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the mixture in the step (2) is adjusted to 56 to 65%.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the water used for adjusting the water content of the mixture in the step (2) is domestic wastewater and/or wastewater generated by crushing garden waste.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the temperature is adjusted by aeration to 50 ℃ to 75 ℃ during fermentation, and the maximum temperature during fermentation is greater than 70 ℃.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air drying in the step (4) is carried out by using an elevator conveyor belt, the conveyor belt is transported to a tank type fermentation tank, the tank type fermentation tank is periodically turned over and aged, and the water content of the dried organic fertilizer is below 30%.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method process further comprises at least one of: a) the garden waste in the step (1) is prepared by crushing fresh garden waste, and juice generated after crushing is mixed with auxiliary materials and a fermentation microbial inoculum to prepare a liquid fertilizer; b) and adsorbing the waste gas generated in the treatment process.
10. An organic fertilizer produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111675556A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-18 | 广州奥克林餐厨降解设备有限公司 | Method for combined composting of kitchen degradation products |
| CN112898057A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-04 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer based on secondary fermentation of kitchen waste |
| CN114145212A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-03-08 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Substrate applied to tulip cultivation and preparation method |
| CN114195561A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-03-18 | 重庆市环卫集团有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer matrix by utilizing kitchen dehydration solid waste |
| CN114208624A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-22 | 华中科技大学 | Cultivation substrate for greening, light soil for roof greening, preparation method and application |
| CN114956874A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-08-30 | 佛山市好苗旺土农业有限公司 | Mixed fermented fertilizer of vegetable and fruit garbage and garden waste |
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| CN104387136A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-04 | 华中农业大学 | Method for producing organic fertilizer from municipal dry branch/fallen leaf waste and application thereof |
| CN104591816A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-06 | 上海申迪园林投资建设有限公司 | Process for recycling of kitchen waste and garden waste |
| CN110054513A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | The co composting equipment of garden garbage and kitchen garbage |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111675556A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-18 | 广州奥克林餐厨降解设备有限公司 | Method for combined composting of kitchen degradation products |
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| CN114145212A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-03-08 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Substrate applied to tulip cultivation and preparation method |
| CN114208624A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-22 | 华中科技大学 | Cultivation substrate for greening, light soil for roof greening, preparation method and application |
| CN114195561A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-03-18 | 重庆市环卫集团有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer matrix by utilizing kitchen dehydration solid waste |
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Application publication date: 20200211 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |