CN112898057A - Method for preparing organic fertilizer based on secondary fermentation of kitchen waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing organic fertilizer based on secondary fermentation of kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer based on secondary fermentation of kitchen waste, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining kitchen solid waste, then adding rice hulls, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder, sieving, then sterilizing at high temperature, then adding a composite microbial inoculum for degrading cellulose and lignin, and carrying out primary fermentation to obtain primarily fermented kitchen waste; mixing the primarily fermented kitchen waste obtained by fermenting S3 with garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm according to the proportion of 7: 1-7: 2, adjusting the mixed water content to 55% -65%, adding 2-5% by weight of aerobic fermentation microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic composting until the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed. The invention utilizes the increasing kitchen waste, the rice hull to increase the porosity of the compost, and utilizes the garden waste to increase organic substances and nutrient elements, so that the decomposed fertilizer has better quality and characteristics, and provides better environmental conditions for the growth and development of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to resource utilization in the technical field of environmental solid waste and agricultural production, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer based on secondary fermentation of kitchen waste.
Background
At present, the main components of the kitchen waste in China comprise rice and flour food residues, vegetables, animal and vegetable oil, meat and bones and the like, and the kitchen waste comprises starch, cellulose, protein, lipid and inorganic salt in terms of chemical composition. The domestic and foreign methods for treating organic garbage mainly comprise landfill, incineration, composting and the like, but due to various defects of the traditional method, for example, the landfill method can cause leakage liquid to pollute water resources, the incineration can generate pollution of toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin and the like, and the incinerated ash has great toxic action on soil. And the kitchen waste is composted (Composting), so that perishable organic matters in the kitchen waste can be converted into organic nutrient soil which is easily accepted by soil. And pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova in the garbage are basically killed by high-temperature fermentation in the composting process. The composting method eliminates the transmission of harmful germs, simultaneously changes garbage into fertilizer, provides a series of necessary nutrition (such as organic substances of phosphorus, nitrogen and the like) for the growth of plants, increases beneficial biological groups in soil, reduces the dependence of the plants on fertilizers and pesticides, and improves the physical and biological properties of the soil.
The current composting methods are classified into aerobic composting and anaerobic composting according to the basic principle of composting. The aerobic composting is to degrade organic matters by the action of the convertible and facultative aerobic bacteria to generate CH4、CO2、NH3And other trace gases and organic acids, the decomposition of organic matters is rapid and thorough, the temperature is high, the period is short, and the peculiar smell is small. Anaerobic composting degrades organic matter by the action of convertible and facultative anaerobic bacteria, and the compost raw materials do not need to be stirred frequently, so that the labor capacity can be reduced, most of gas generated by the compost is biogas, and the greenhouse effect cannot be caused.
However, although the anaerobic composting process is simple and does not need ventilation, the reaction rate is slow, the composting period is long, the odor is large, and the production and the preparation of organic fertilizers are not facilitated. The aerobic composting time is short, and the frequency is not too high although the compost needs to be turned (such as chopped compost), so that a large amount of energy consumption is avoided, and slight odor is generated and is only greatly influenced by the environment. Therefore, how to fully utilize the existing composting technology and fully utilize organic wastes to realize the organic cycle of resources is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer based on secondary fermentation of kitchen waste, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a method for preparing an organic fertilizer based on secondary fermentation of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
s1: removing impurities from the kitchen waste, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain kitchen solid waste;
s2: adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder and sieving; the ratio of the kitchen solid waste to the rice hulls is 7: 1-7: 2 in parts by weight;
s3: putting the product obtained in the step S2 into a drying fermentation device, fully sterilizing at the temperature of more than 100 ℃, adding a composite microbial inoculum for degrading cellulose and lignin, and fermenting for more than 48 hours under the condition of sufficient oxygen to obtain primarily fermented kitchen waste; the inoculation amount of the composite microbial inoculum is 3-5 per mill of the weight of the product obtained from S2;
s4: mixing the primarily fermented kitchen waste obtained by fermenting S3 with garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm according to the proportion of 7: 1-7: 2, adjusting the mixed water content to 55% -65%, adding 2-5% by weight of aerobic fermentation microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic composting until the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed.
Further, the compost in S4 is chopped compost.
Further, the composting time in the step S4 is 25 days, and the environment temperature of the composting is more than 10 ℃.
Further, the compound microbial inoculum is a VT microbial inoculum, and the addition amount is 3 per mill of the weight of the product.
Further, in the step S2, the kitchen solid waste and the rice hulls are crushed into powder and then sieved through a 100-mesh sieve.
Further, in the aerobic composting process of S4, the pile turning time needs to be determined according to the temperature rise condition, when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 65 ℃, the pile needs to be turned every day, and the high-temperature period of 65-70 ℃ is ensured to be maintained for 10 days.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, kitchen waste, rice hulls and garden waste are jointly composted, so that not only is the problem of increasing kitchen waste solved, but also the porosity of compost is increased by using the rice hulls, and organic substances and nutrient elements are increased by using the garden waste, so that the thoroughly decomposed fertilizer has better quality and characteristics, and better environmental conditions are provided for the growth and development of crops.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below based on preferred embodiments, and objects and effects of the present invention will become more apparent, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Organic fertilizer preparation experiments were conducted in a Suzhou Yuanhu composting facility, and the experimental arrangements were conducted under the conditions of the following examples, with experimental times ranging from 3 months 16 days to 4 months 9 days in 2020. The experimental aerobic chopped compost was piled up for 25 days under the conditions described in the examples, with a pile weight of 2 tons, a pile width of 1 meter and a pile height of 1 meter per example. The kitchen waste in the experimental materials is taken from a material discharged from a biochemical integrated machine of Hanbo company, the rice hulls are taken from a side product obtained after rice treatment of lake facing agriculture company, the garden waste is taken from a lake facing greening station, the garden waste is collected and crushed to the particle size of 2-3cm, the particle size is uniformly mixed for later use, and the physicochemical properties of the raw materials are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 physical and chemical Properties of the materials
Example 1
S1: removing impurities from the kitchen waste, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain kitchen solid waste;
s2: adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste in a weight ratio of 7:1, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve.
S3: placing the kitchen rice hull mixture into a drying fermentation device, sterilizing for 1h at 110 ℃, then adding a composite microbial inoculum for degrading cellulose and lignin, wherein the inoculation amount of the composite microbial inoculum is 3 per mill of the weight of a product obtained from S2, and fully fermenting for 48 hours under the condition of sufficient oxygen to obtain primarily fermented kitchen waste.
S4: mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm in a ratio of 7:1 (weight ratio), adjusting the mixed water content to 55%, adding 3 thousandth VT complex microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic strip-chopping composting. During the period, the pile turning time is determined according to the temperature rise condition, when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 65 ℃, the pile is turned every day, and the high-temperature period of 65 ℃ is ensured to be maintained for 10 days.
Example 2
S1: removing impurities from the kitchen waste, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the kitchen solid waste.
S2: adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste in a weight ratio of 7:1, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve.
S3: placing the kitchen rice hull mixture into a drying fermentation device, sterilizing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, then adding a composite microbial inoculum for degrading cellulose and lignin, wherein the inoculation amount of the composite microbial inoculum is 5 per mill of the weight of a product obtained from S2, and fully fermenting for 48 hours under the condition of sufficient oxygen to obtain primarily fermented kitchen waste.
S4: mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm in a ratio of 7:1 (weight ratio), adjusting the mixed water content to 65%, adding 3 per mill VT complex microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic strip-chopping composting. During the period, the pile turning time is determined according to the temperature rise condition, when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 65 ℃, the pile needs to be turned every day, and the high-temperature period of 65 ℃ is ensured to be maintained for 10 days.
Example 3
S1: removing impurities from the kitchen waste, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain kitchen solid waste;
s2: adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste in a weight ratio of 7:2, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve.
S3: placing the kitchen rice hull mixture into a drying fermentation device, sterilizing for 1h at 110 ℃, then adding a composite microbial inoculum for degrading cellulose and lignin, wherein the inoculation amount of the composite microbial inoculum is 3 per mill of the weight of a product obtained from S2, and fully fermenting for 48 hours under the condition of sufficient oxygen to obtain primarily fermented kitchen waste.
S4: mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm at a ratio of 7:2 (weight ratio), adjusting the mixed water content to 55%, adding 3 thousandth VT complex microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic strip-chopping composting. During the period, the pile turning time is determined according to the temperature rise condition, when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 65 ℃, the pile needs to be turned every day, and the high-temperature period of 65 ℃ is ensured to be maintained for 10 days.
Example 4
S1: removing impurities from the kitchen waste, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the kitchen solid waste.
S2: adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste in a weight ratio of 7:2, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve.
S3: placing the kitchen rice hull mixture into a drying fermentation device, sterilizing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, then adding a composite microbial inoculum for degrading cellulose and lignin, wherein the inoculation amount of the composite microbial inoculum is 5 per mill of the weight of a product obtained from S2, and fully fermenting for 48 hours under the condition of sufficient oxygen to obtain primarily fermented kitchen waste.
S4: mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm at a ratio of 7:2 (weight ratio), adjusting the mixed water content to 65%, adding 3 per mill VT complex microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic strip-chopping composting. During the period, the pile turning time is determined according to the temperature rise condition, when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 65 ℃, the pile needs to be turned every day, and the high-temperature period of 65 ℃ is ensured to be maintained for 10 days.
Example 5
S1: removing impurities from the kitchen waste, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the kitchen solid waste.
S2: adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste in a weight ratio of 7:1, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve.
S3: placing the kitchen rice hull mixture into a drying fermentation device, sterilizing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, then adding a composite microbial inoculum for degrading cellulose and lignin, wherein the inoculation amount of the composite microbial inoculum is 5 per mill of the weight of a product obtained from S2, and fully fermenting for 48 hours under the condition of sufficient oxygen to obtain primarily fermented kitchen waste.
S4: mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm at a ratio of 7:2 (weight ratio), adjusting the mixed water content to be 60%, adding 3 per mill VT complex microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic strip-chopping composting. During the period, the pile turning time is determined according to the temperature rise condition, when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 65 ℃, the pile needs to be turned every day, and the high-temperature period of 65 ℃ is ensured to be maintained for 10 days.
Control experiment CK1
Removing impurities from kitchen waste, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain kitchen solid waste, adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste in a weight ratio of 7:1, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve. And (3) mixing the mixed product with garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm in a ratio of 7:1 (weight ratio), adjusting the mixed water content to 55%, adding 3 per mill VT complex microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic strip-chopping composting. During the process, the pile turning time is determined according to the temperature rise condition, when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 65 ℃, the pile needs to be turned every day, and the high-temperature period of 65 ℃ is ensured to be maintained for 10 days.
Control experiment CK2
Removing impurities from kitchen waste, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain kitchen solid waste, adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste in a weight ratio of 7:2, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve. Mixing the mixed product with garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm in a ratio of 7:2 (weight ratio), adjusting the mixed water content to 65%, adding 3% VT composite microbial inoculum again, performing aerobic strip-chopping composting, determining the pile turning time according to the temperature rise condition, turning the pile every day after the temperature of the pile body rises to above 65 ℃, and maintaining the high temperature period of 65 ℃ for 10 days.
In the aerobic chopped composts of examples 1 to 5 and control experiments CK1 and CK2, the temperature was measured at nine am every day, and the temperatures were measured at five points on the upper, middle and lower three sides of the compost, respectively, and the average values were taken. Turning and sampling every five days, and uniformly mixing by adopting a five-point sampling method, wherein about 500g of the sample is taken. When the temperature of the stack body rises to above 65 ℃, the stack needs to be turned over every day. The samples were tested for moisture content, pH, EC, seed germination index, among other indicators of maturity.
TABLE 2 Change in Material Properties in composting Process TABLE 1
TABLE 3 Material Property Change in composting Process TABLE II
All examples complete the composting process, and after the cooling period, the highest temperature was CK2 in control group, and the lowest temperature was CK2 in example five, which was 24 ℃ and was closest to room temperature. In the water content index, the water content of each example is obviously reduced after the final composting is finished and is lower than that of CK1 and CK2 of control groups, because water is taken away by high temperature and microbial activity after two times of fermentation. The pH value is converted from acidity to neutrality along with the composting process and accords with the NY525 composting standard, and the pH value is increased because the materials are decomposed into nitrogen-containing substances, amino acid, protein and the like by microorganisms. The pH values of the examples 1-5 are all higher than those of the control CK1 and CK 2. The pH of example 5 was highest, reaching 6.98, while the pH of CK1 was lowest, 6.14. Among the EC values, the EC value at the end of composting shows a rising trend, the EC values of CK1 and CK2 are both higher than those of examples 1-5, and the lowest EC value at the 25 th day is 2.05mS/cm in example 5, and the highest EC value at the 25 th day is 2.83mS/cm in CK 2.
The Germination Index (GI) of the seeds shows a remarkable increasing trend, and the GI is a sensitive index for testing the composting characteristics. All examples and controls had a significant increase in GI compared to day 0, with examples 5 and 3 significantly increased at 85.10% and 82.25%, with the lowest being CK1 and CK2, 74.52% and 70.49%, respectively.
All the examples and the control group showed a downward trend in organic carbon, and microorganisms proliferated in a large amount to decompose organic substances. The organic carbon of example 5 decreased from the beginning of 467.05g/kg to 318.07g/kg at the end of composting by a maximum of 31.90%, which was the case in example 1, from the beginning of 436.81g/kg to 324.30g/kg, with a 25.76% decrease.
The total nitrogen content of the various treatments likewise showed a downward trend, with the total nitrogen content of example 5 being the lowest at the end of composting at 23.40g/kg, followed by example 4 at 23.68 g/kg. It can be seen that the composting effect of example 5 is the best compared to other treatments, at the end of composting, the pH value of example 5 is the highest, the EC value is the lowest, the GI is up to 85.10%, the composting decomposition standard is met, and in example 5, the C/N at the end of composting is 13.59, which significantly reduces C/N relative to the beginning of the experiment, the degree of fertilizer decomposition is high, and the organic matter is decomposed and converted to a higher degree.
Therefore, the embodiment and the control group show that the organic fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by secondary fermentation has good performance, the effect is better than that of the existing organic fertilizer, and better environmental conditions can be provided for the growth and development of crops.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the invention, and although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. All modifications and equivalents may be resorted to as falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer based on secondary fermentation of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: removing impurities from the kitchen waste, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the kitchen solid waste.
S2: adding rice hulls into the kitchen solid waste, uniformly mixing, crushing into powder and sieving; the ratio of the kitchen solid waste to the rice hulls is 7: 1-7: 2 in parts by weight;
s3: putting the product obtained in the step S2 into a drying fermentation device, fully sterilizing at the temperature of more than 100 ℃, adding a composite microbial inoculum for degrading cellulose and lignin, and fermenting for more than 48 hours under the condition of sufficient oxygen to obtain primarily fermented kitchen waste; the inoculation amount of the composite microbial inoculum is 3-5 per mill of the weight of the product obtained from S2;
s4: mixing the primarily fermented kitchen waste obtained by fermenting S3 with garden waste which is removed of impurities and crushed and has the particle size of 2-3cm according to the proportion of 7: 1-7: 2, adjusting the mixed water content to 55% -65%, adding 2-5% by weight of aerobic fermentation microbial inoculum again, and performing aerobic composting until the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed.
2. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer based on the secondary fermentation of the kitchen waste, as recited in claim 1, wherein the compost in the S4 is chopped compost.
3. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer based on the secondary fermentation of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the composting time in S4 is 25 days, and the environment temperature of the composting is more than 10 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer based on the secondary fermentation of the kitchen waste, as recited in claim 1, wherein the complex microbial inoculum is VT microbial inoculum, and the addition amount is 3 per mill of the weight of the product.
5. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer based on the secondary fermentation of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the kitchen solid waste and the rice hulls are sieved with a 100-mesh sieve after being crushed into powder.
6. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by secondary fermentation of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in the aerobic composting process of S4, the pile turning time needs to be determined according to the temperature rise condition, when the temperature of a pile body rises to above 65 ℃, the pile needs to be turned every day, and the high-temperature period of 65-70 ℃ is maintained for 10 days.
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Application publication date: 20210604 |