CN112694364A - Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for loquat fruiting trees and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for loquat fruiting trees and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112694364A CN112694364A CN202011501234.6A CN202011501234A CN112694364A CN 112694364 A CN112694364 A CN 112694364A CN 202011501234 A CN202011501234 A CN 202011501234A CN 112694364 A CN112694364 A CN 112694364A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for loquat fruiting trees and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of biological organic fertilizers. The organic compound fertilizer special for loquat fruiting trees comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of kitchen compost, 10-18 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 14-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts of medium trace elements, 4-8 parts of humic acid, 6-8 parts of bentonite, 30-45 parts of straws, 5-10 parts of humic acid and 0.1-0.4 part of rooting powder. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the special organic compound fertilizer for the loquat fruiting tree. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention is friendly in source, easy to obtain, low in price, and organic and inorganic are combined, so that the nutrient supply can be provided for the growth of loquat fruiting trees for a long time, and the growth and development requirements of crops are met. The long-term use of the fruit tree is of great significance to the long-term development of orchards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biofertilizers, and particularly relates to a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for loquat fruiting trees and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Kitchen waste, commonly known as swill and hogwash, also known as hogwash and rancid, is a general name of food waste and kitchen waste, is mainly domestic waste formed by residents in the process of living consumption, is the most important one of food waste, and comprises food processing leftover materials (kitchen waste) and edible residues (swill) generated in families, schools, mess halls, catering industries and the like. It is a complex composition, mainly a mixture of oil, water, pericarp, vegetables, rice flour, fish, meat, bone, and waste tableware, plastics, paper towels, etc. It features easy decay and deterioration, emitting foul smell and spreading bacteria and virus. The quantity of kitchen waste in China is very large and is in a rapid rising trend. Illegal collection and recycling of kitchen waste threatens the environment and the health of residents, so that the strengthening of prevention and treatment of pollution of the kitchen waste is very important, and the value of the kitchen waste is shown by resource utilization.
The method for treating the kitchen waste into fertilizer mainly comprises aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion. The aerobic composting process is that under aerobic condition, extracellular enzyme secreted by aerobic microbe is used to decompose organic solid into soluble organic matter, which is then permeated into cell to realize the whole composting process via metabolism of microbe. The anaerobic digestion treatment of the kitchen waste is to decompose organic waste by microorganisms under specific anaerobic conditions, wherein carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are converted into methane and carbon dioxide, and elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are remained in residues and are converted into a form which is easily absorbed and utilized by animals and plants. As the kitchen waste is used as the raw material, the price is low, the supply amount is huge, the product is rich in nutrition, the profit interval range is large, and the market competitiveness is strong. Therefore, the kitchen waste is subjected to harmless treatment to prepare the fertilizer, so that the resource utilization of the kitchen can be improved, and the ecological environment pollution can be effectively reduced.
The loquat is a evergreen small arbor, belongs to subtropical tree species, is one of common fruit trees cultivated in China, and is widely cultivated in each province in the south of Yangtze river in China. Loquat is an evergreen fruit tree and grows all year round, so the fertilizer demand is large. The contents of main nutrient elements in the loquat fruit are sequenced to K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. The nutrition content in the leaves is sequenced to Ca > N > K > Mg > P > S, the nutrition condition of the tree body of the fruit tree not only reflects the physicochemical property of soil, but also reflects the abundance degree of the nutrient of the tree body, according to the demand of the growth and development of the fruit tree, the mineral elements of the fruit tree are often divided into major elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and the like), therefore, the periodical fertilization scheme of the loquat is mainly used for supplementing a large amount of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like, and timely supplementing trace elements such as molybdenum, zinc, boron and the like according to the external characteristics of the leaves. In the periodic growth process of the loquat, the nutrient absorption is closely related to the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of each stage, and the absorption amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are greatly different. In addition, the application amount of certain elements should be adjusted according to the current situation of soil nutrients in actual production. The loquat fruiting trees in China are basically planted on mountains, compound fertilizers are mostly adopted for fertilization, in addition, the orchard soil is hardened for a long time in the past, the organic matter of the soil is reduced, in addition, in the fertilization process of farmers, the fertilization is single, the supplement of organic fertilizers and medium trace elements is not considered, the nutrient absorption efficiency of the fruit trees is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the loquats are seriously influenced. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of the growth and development rule, the nutrient absorption rule, the quality absorption rule and the like of the loquats, the preparation and application of the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the loquat fruiting trees for the loquats are very important to meet the nutrient requirements for the growth of the loquats.
The prior art lacks and disposes organic inorganic compound thoughtlessly fertile to the loquat bearing tree, and this patent has proposed an organic inorganic compound thoughtlessly fertile to the loquat bearing tree, can not only satisfy the growth and development demand of loquat bearing tree, and the nutrient is comprehensive, still does benefit to soil improvement, can effectively improve crop quality and output.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for loquat fruiting trees and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the organic fertilizer special for loquat fruiting trees comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30-45 parts of kitchen compost, 10-18 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 14-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts of medium trace elements, 4-8 parts of humic acid, 6-8 parts of bentonite, 30-45 parts of straws, 5-10 parts of humic acid and 0.1-0.4 part of rooting powder.
Wherein the medium trace elements comprise the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-1 part of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-3 parts of borax, 4-8 parts of calcium sulfate and 0.1-1 part of ferrous sulfate.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for loquat comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting, draining oil and water, squeezing and crushing the kitchen waste to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to 70-75%;
(2) conveying the squeezed and crushed kitchen waste to a biological drying machine, wherein the kitchen waste and auxiliary materials are in a mass ratio of: 1, (0.15-0.25) adding auxiliary materials to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to 60-65%;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the kitchen waste to 6.0-8.0 by using lime;
(4) inoculating a biological drying microbial agent into the kitchen waste, treating the kitchen waste by using a biological drying machine to reduce the water content to 45-55%, and discharging;
(5) after the treatment of the biological drying machine is finished, transferring the kitchen waste into a continuous dynamic groove type reactor, inoculating a kitchen waste composting microbial inoculum, fermenting, decomposing, discharging and aging to obtain kitchen compost; the kitchen waste composting microbial inoculum is a composting microbial inoculum purchased in the market;
(6) and (3) uniformly mixing the kitchen compost obtained in the step (5) with urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, medium trace elements, humic acid, bentonite, straw waste, humic acid and rooting powder to obtain the organic fertilizer special for loquat fruiting trees.
In the step (2), the auxiliary materials comprise: any one or a mixture of a plurality of sawdust, garden waste and aquatic weeds.
In the step (4), the biological drying microbial inoculum is a common biological drying microbial inoculum purchased in the market.
In the step (4), the treatment conditions of the biological drying machine are as follows:
setting a heating plate at 105-115 ℃ and a biochemical bin at 80-90 ℃; stirring for 40-50 min, and stopping for 10-20 min; air draft temperature is 50-55 ℃; aeration is carried out for 0.06-0.12 m3/min/m3。
In the step (4), the treatment time of the biological drying machine is 5 days.
In the step (5), the reaction time of the continuous dynamic tank reactor was 5 days.
In the step (5), the discharging and aging time is 15-20 days.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the kitchen waste is composted, so that the problem of post-treatment of the kitchen waste is solved, and secondary pollution to the ecological environment is avoided. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention is friendly in source, easy to obtain, low in price, and organic and inorganic are combined, so that the nutrient supply can be provided for the growth of loquat fruiting trees for a long time, and the growth and development requirements of crops are met. After long-term use, the soil of the orchard can be improved, and the organic matter of the soil can be increased, so that the method has important significance for long-term development of the orchard. The invention can obviously improve the yield, and can increase the yield by 3 kg per plant on average, and simultaneously improve the quality of the loquats.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1: a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for loquat comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting, draining oil and water, squeezing and crushing the kitchen waste to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to 70-75%;
(2) conveying the squeezed and crushed kitchen waste to a biological drying machine, wherein the kitchen waste and auxiliary materials are in a mass ratio of: 1, (0.15-0.25) adding auxiliary materials to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to 60-65%;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the kitchen waste to 6.0-8.0 by using lime;
(4) inoculating a biological drying microbial agent into the kitchen waste, treating the kitchen waste by using a biological drying machine to reduce the water content to 45-55%, and discharging;
(5) after the treatment of the biological drying machine is finished, transferring the kitchen waste into a continuous dynamic groove type reactor, inoculating a kitchen waste composting microbial inoculum, fermenting, decomposing, discharging and aging to obtain kitchen compost; the kitchen waste composting microbial inoculum is a composting microbial inoculum purchased in the market.
(6) And (3) uniformly mixing the kitchen compost obtained in the step (5) with urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, medium trace elements, humic acid, bentonite, straw waste, humic acid and rooting powder to obtain the organic fertilizer special for loquat fruiting trees.
In the step (2), the auxiliary materials comprise: any one or a mixture of a plurality of sawdust, garden waste and aquatic weeds.
In the step (4), the biological drying microbial inoculum is a common biological drying microbial inoculum purchased in the market.
In the step (4), the treatment conditions of the biological drying machine are as follows:
setting a heating plate at 105-115 ℃ and a biochemical bin at 80-90 ℃; stirring for 40-50 min, and stopping for 10-20 min; air draft temperature is 50-55 ℃; aeration is carried out for 0.06-0.12 m3/min/m3。
In the step (4), the treatment time of the biological drying machine is 5 days.
In the step (5), the reaction time of the continuous dynamic tank reactor was 5 days.
In the step (5), the discharging and aging time is 15-20 days.
Example 2:
1. test site:
a test variety of the loquat base is 'white jade', the tree age is 8 years, 12 healthy adult individual trees with basically consistent growth vigor and medium tree crown size are randomly selected from each orchard as sample trees, and soil, leaves and fruits are collected at the mature stage of the fruits. And (3) measuring the yield of each loquat, randomly collecting 20-30 fresh fruits which are free from plant diseases and insect pests, mechanical damage and fruit straightening and have basically consistent maturity and size on each treated 12 loquat trees, wherein the sampling directions and the canopy layers are consistent, and the fresh fruits are taken back to a laboratory for measuring the fruit quality indexes.
Measuring the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter of the fresh fruit by using a vernier caliper, and measuring the mass of a single fruit by using an electronic analytical balance; then separating the pulp, the peel and the kernel, weighing the mass of the seeds, the peel and the pulp by using an electronic analytical balance, measuring the thickness of the pulp by using a vernier caliper), and calculating the edible rate; pulping pulp, squeezing juice, filtering, measuring soluble solid content in pulp with PAL-1 portable digital display saccharimeter, and measuring titratable acid content in pulp with indicator titration method. And (4) calculating the solid acid ratio and the edible rate of the fruits, repeating the measurement for 3 times, and averaging the results.
Fruit shape index is fruit longitudinal diameter/fruit transverse diameter
The edible rate is (single fruit mass-seed mass-peel mass)/single fruit mass) x 100%.
2. Analysis of results
2.1 Effect of examples on loquat production versus control.
TABLE 1 comparison of the yields of loquat leaves treated differently in the east mountain, Lane and loquat bases of Suzhou, Jiangsu
| Average yield of single plant kg/plant | |
| Compound fertilizer (elegant ) | 17.25 |
| Commercial organic fertilizer (Yuhuang powder) | 22.46 |
| Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for loquat fruiting tree | 27.06 |
2.2 influence of example and control on loquat quality.
TABLE 1 comparison of the quality of white jade loquat processed differently in the east mountain, Lanne and loquat base of Suzhou, Jiangsu
Claims (8)
1. The organic compound fertilizer special for loquat fruiting trees is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
30-45 parts of kitchen compost, 10-18 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 14-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts of medium trace elements, 4-8 parts of humic acid, 6-8 parts of bentonite, 30-45 parts of straws, 5-10 parts of humic acid and 0.1-0.4 part of rooting powder.
2. The organic compound fertilizer special for loquat fruiting trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium trace elements comprise the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-1 part of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-3 parts of borax, 4-8 parts of calcium sulfate and 0.1-1 part of ferrous sulfate.
3. The preparation method of the special organic compound fertilizer for loquat as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the steps of:
(1) sorting, draining oil and water, squeezing and crushing the kitchen waste to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to 70-75%;
(2) conveying the squeezed and crushed kitchen waste to a biological drying machine, wherein the kitchen waste and auxiliary materials are in a mass ratio of: 1, (0.15-0.25) adding auxiliary materials to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to 60-65%;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the kitchen waste to 6.0-8.0 by using lime;
(4) inoculating a biological drying microbial agent into the kitchen waste, treating the kitchen waste by using a biological drying machine to reduce the water content to 45-55%, and discharging;
(5) after the treatment of the biological drying machine is finished, transferring the kitchen waste into a continuous dynamic groove type reactor, inoculating a kitchen waste composting microbial inoculum, fermenting, decomposing, discharging and aging to obtain kitchen compost;
(6) and (3) uniformly mixing the kitchen compost obtained in the step (5) with urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, medium trace elements, humic acid, bentonite, straw waste, humic acid and rooting powder to obtain the organic fertilizer special for loquat fruiting trees.
4. The preparation method of the special organic compound fertilizer for loquat according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the auxiliary materials comprise: any one or a mixture of a plurality of sawdust, garden waste and aquatic weeds.
5. The preparation method of the special organic compound fertilizer for loquat according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the treatment conditions of the biological drying machine are as follows:
setting a heating plate at 105-115 ℃ and a biochemical bin at 80-90 ℃; stirring for 40-50 min, and stopping for 10-20 min; air draft temperature is 50-55 ℃; aeration is carried out for 0.06-0.12 m3/min/m3。
6. The preparation method of the special organic compound fertilizer for loquat according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the treatment time of the biological drying machine is 5 days.
7. The preparation method of the organic compound fertilizer special for loquat according to claim 3, wherein the reaction time of the continuous dynamic tank reactor in the step (5) is 5 days.
8. The preparation method of the organic compound fertilizer special for loquat according to claim 3, wherein in the step (5), the discharging and aging time is 15 to 20 days.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113603538A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-05 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing special bio-organic fertilizer for rice by using kitchen waste |
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