CN111320987A - Soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a soil restoration agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes, a preparation method and application thereof. The soil remediation agent can realize remediation of salinized and cadmium-polluted soil, effectively utilizes agricultural and forestry wastes, and is green and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes, a preparation method and application.
Background
China, the largest developing country in the world, is large in population and has high crop yield demand. The continuous increase of population and the gradual decrease of cultivated land have become one of the significant contradictions of agriculture development in China. However, China still has a large amount of idle land in fact, but causes great waste of land resources due to the fact that crops cannot grow or the yield is low, such as saline-alkali soil.
Saline-alkali soil is an important and precious soil resource. When the saline-alkali soil is planted in agriculture, the soil needs to be cured, namely the cultivation property of the soil is improved, and the fertility of the soil is improved; the cured soil has good soil structure, high organic matter content and vigorous microorganism activity, and is more suitable for agricultural planting. However, the soil ripening effect of the saline-alkali soil is not ideal at present.
In recent years, rice varieties capable of normally growing in saline-alkali lands are cultivated under the effort of a Yuanlong plain sea rice team, and are directly sown through variety improvement, on one hand, the rice varieties are unstable in both yield and rice quality conditions only in a variety testing stage of a certain region, and a long distance is still left from market popularization of saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties; on the other hand, saline-alkali soil often still has other pollutions simultaneously, for example heavy metal, even some varieties can tolerate saline-alkali and heavy metal and grow, can not avoid in the rice of final results to have heavy metal residue, especially cadmium. The rice is a crop which is easy to accumulate cadmium, the cadmium in the rice field is absorbed by the root system of the rice and is transported upwards to stems, leaves and rice, and the excessive cadmium of the rice becomes a big problem of the safety of Chinese grains. Excessive cadmium in rice can directly affect human health, and is accumulated in certain organs of a human body through the biological enrichment function of a food chain to cause chronic poisoning.
Patent CN105950174B discloses a microbial soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil, which is beneficial to improving the physicochemical property of soil and improving the soil fertility; patent CN105414163B discloses a method for repairing cadmium-contaminated soil, which mainly utilizes titanium gypsum to realize the adsorption of cadmium in the soil. The current research is only directed to single treatment of salinization or cadmium pollution, and cannot simultaneously realize simultaneous treatment of the salinization and cadmium pollution, for example, patent CN105414163B can repair cadmium pollution, but has certain alkalinity and high salinity content, which undoubtedly makes salinization soil worse.
In addition, with the rapid development of society, the agricultural and forestry waste is increased by 5-10% every year. If the waste cannot be well utilized, the problems of air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution and the like can be caused, and the human health is seriously harmed. Therefore, the recycling research of the agricultural and forestry wastes has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes, a preparation method and application thereof, which can realize remediation of salinization and cadmium-polluted soil, effectively utilize the agricultural and forestry wastes, and is green and environment-friendly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps in parts by weight:
(1) mixing 10 parts of first part of agricultural and forestry waste and 0.5-1.5 parts of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1 part of soybean rhizobium, 0.06-0.08 part of bacillus natto, 0.05-0.08 part of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.03-0.05 part of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.02-0.03 part of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste with the composite microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-5: 6-8 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is any one of waste lotus leaves, rotten apples or rotten tomatoes, and enteromorpha and rice hulls in a mass ratio of 1: 1.2-1.3: and 2-3, crushing, mixing, spraying slurry and granulating to prepare the carrier.
Preferably, the specific method of stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing and uniformly stirring the rice hulls, the mushroom residues and the livestock and poultry manure, covering the mixture with a plastic film, carrying out stack retting fermentation for 2-3 days, uncovering the plastic film, and naturally drying the mixture.
Preferably, the raw materials are smashed or smashed before spraying granulation, the particle size of solid matters after the raw materials are treated is 80-100 meshes, and juice generated in the treatment process is reserved.
Preferably, the granules with the particle size of 2-3 mm are prepared by spraying granulation, then the granules are frozen to-50 to-60 ℃ at the cooling rate of 10-12 ℃/min, so that the water in the granules is crystallized, and then the granules are heated to room temperature (25 ℃) at the heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min under the condition of keeping high vacuum, so that the granules are completely dried. During this drying process, micropores are formed on the surface.
Preferably, in the step (1), the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste modified by sulfur is prepared by the following steps: mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 300-400 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-5 hours.
Preferably, in the step (1), the preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the bacillus aceticus is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an alepponberg culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 3-5% (volume), after the strains are cultured for 4-6 days, the strains are respectively cultured in shaking tables at 170-180 r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 27-29 ℃, and the culture time is 38-42 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 40-45 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 27-29 ℃, and the culture time is 42-46 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 58-62 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 55-60 hours.
Further preferably, the process conditions of the fermentation after mixing are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35-37 ℃, and the fermentation time is 22-28 hours.
Preferably, in the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35-37 ℃, and the fermentation time is 48-56 hours.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 5 to 8.
Preferably, in the step (3), the specific method for loading is as follows: and stirring and uniformly mixing the fermentation product and the carrier, and standing for 10-12 hours.
The soil remediation agent based on the agricultural and forestry wastes is prepared by the method.
The soil remediation agent is applied to the remediation of salinization and cadmium-polluted soil.
Preferably, the soil remediation agent is applied to the salinized and cadmium-polluted soil in a rotary tillage mode, the application amount is 20-30 kg/mu, and the soil remediation is completed after 3-4 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the soil remediation agent is prepared by carrying out sulfur modification on a first part of agricultural and forestry waste prepared by stack retting fermentation of rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure, then mixing the first part of agricultural and forestry waste with a compound microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermented product, and finally loading the fermented product on a carrier of a second part of agricultural and forestry waste (prepared by mixing any one of waste lotus leaves, rotten apples or rotten tomatoes with enteromorpha and rice hulls) to obtain the soil remediation agent. The soil remediation agent can realize remediation of salinized and cadmium-polluted soil, effectively utilizes agricultural and forestry wastes, and is green and environment-friendly. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. the compound microbial inoculum is prepared from soybean rhizobium, bacillus natto, azotobacter chroococcum, pseudomonas cepacia, acetobacter and the like, wherein the soybean rhizobium and the azotobacter chroococcum can biologically fix nitrogen and supply nitrogen to plants, the bacillus natto and the acetobacter can produce acid, and the pseudomonas cepacia can be propagated under the condition of nutrient deficiency and can consume salt. The bacillus natto and the acetobacter can produce acid to neutralize alkaline components in saline-alkali soil, the pseudomonas cepacia consumes salt in the saline-alkali soil, and the rhizobium japonicum and the azotobacter chroococcum are beneficial to further improving the growth environment of plant roots. Moreover, bacillus natto and the like have a certain adsorption effect on cadmium, and the acid production effect can also protonate the surface of the soil remediation agent and promote the replacement of cadmium ions and hydrogen ions, so that the cadmium removal effect is achieved. Therefore, the complex microbial inoculum of the invention can play a good role in repairing salinization and cadmium polluted soil.
2. The stack retting fermentation of rice husk, mushroom dregs, animal manure and the like can provide a large amount of organic matters, the rice husk is loose, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, a large amount of sulfur is introduced on the surface through sulfur modification, and the cadmium can be adsorbed, complexed and precipitated by the presence of the sulfur. The obtained fermentation product contains macromolecular substances such as lignin and the like, and also has a certain complexing effect on cadmium.
3. The second part of agricultural and forestry waste is prepared by mixing any one of waste lotus leaves, rotten apples or rotten tomatoes with enteromorpha and rice hulls, wherein the lotus leaves contain citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and the like, the tomatoes contain citric acid, malic acid and succinic acid, the apples contain malic acid, citric acid and the like, the organic acid components have good complexation on cadmium, and the enteromorpha contains glycan and also has complexation on cadmium, so the organic acid components have synergistic effect to effectively remove cadmium in soil. In addition, the organic acid can also neutralize the alkaline components in the saline-alkali soil, and is beneficial to the restoration of the saline-alkali soil. The existence of the rice hull enables the carrier to be loose and porous, improves the physical and chemical properties of soil and has an adsorption effect on cadmium.
4. Although some bacteria in the composite microbial inoculum have an adsorption effect on cadmium, on one hand, the cadmium can still be sterilized when the concentration of the cadmium is too high, and on the other hand, some bacteria cannot tolerate the cadmium, so that the carrier is used for loading the fermentation product, the method is favorable for protecting various bacteria, and the cadmium can escape to play a role in removing corresponding cadmium and other soil remediation effects when the concentration of the cadmium in the surrounding environment is reduced to a certain degree.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to various strains purchased from China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center or ATCC cell bank, which comprises the following specific steps: soybean rhizobium ACCC15400, bacillus natto ACCC19833, acetobacter ATCC23746, azotobacter chroococcum ACCC10007 and pseudomonas cepacia ATCC 25416.
Example 1
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 10kg of first part of agricultural and forestry waste and 0.5kg of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1kg of soybean rhizobium, 0.06kg of bacillus natto, 0.05kg of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.03kg of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.02kg of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing and fermenting the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste and the composite microbial inoculum to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 6 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is waste lotus leaves, enteromorpha and rice hulls in a mass ratio of 1: 1.2: 2 pulverizing, mixing, spraying slurry, granulating, and making into carrier.
The specific method for stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing rice hull, mushroom residue and livestock and fowl feces, stirring, covering with plastic film, composting, fermenting for 2 days, uncovering the plastic film, and air drying.
The raw materials are smashed or smashed before the pulp spraying granulation, the particle size of solid matters after the raw materials are processed is 80 meshes, and juice generated in the processing process is reserved.
Spraying and granulating to obtain 2mm granules, freezing to-50 deg.C at a cooling rate of 10 deg.C/min to crystallize water in the granules, and heating to room temperature (25 deg.C) at a heating rate of 2 deg.C/min under high vacuum condition to thoroughly dry the granules. During this drying process, micropores are formed on the surface.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the first part of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste is as follows: mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 300 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 hours.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the acetobacter is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an aleppo culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 3 percent (volume), after 4 days of culture, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 170r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 38 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 40 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 42 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 58 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter aceti is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 55 hours. The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 22 hours.
In the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 hours.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 5.
in the step (3), the specific method of loading is as follows: and uniformly stirring the fermentation product and the carrier, and standing for 10 hours.
Example 2
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 10kg of first part of agricultural and forestry waste with 1.5kg of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1kg of soybean rhizobium, 0.08kg of bacillus natto, 0.08kg of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.05kg of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.03kg of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste with the composite microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 5: 8 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is rotten apples, enteromorpha and rice hulls in a mass ratio of 1: 1.3: 3 pulverizing, mixing, spraying slurry, and granulating to obtain carrier.
The specific method for stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing rice hull, mushroom residue and livestock and fowl feces, stirring, covering with plastic film, composting, fermenting for 3 days, uncovering the plastic film, and air drying.
The raw materials are smashed or smashed before spraying granulation, the particle size of solid matters after the raw materials are processed is 100 meshes, and juice generated in the processing process is reserved.
Spraying and granulating to obtain 3mm granules, freezing to-60 deg.C at a cooling rate of 12 deg.C/min to crystallize water in the granules, and heating to room temperature (25 deg.C) at a heating rate of 3 deg.C/min under high vacuum condition to thoroughly dry the granules. During this drying process, micropores are formed on the surface.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the first part of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste is as follows: mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 400 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 hours.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the acetobacter is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an aleppo culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 5 percent (volume), after 6 days of culture, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 180r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 42 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 30 ℃, and the culture time is 45 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 46 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 30 ℃, and the culture time is 62 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter aceti is 30 ℃, and the culture time is 60 hours. The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 37 ℃ and the fermentation time was 28 hours.
In the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 37 ℃ and the fermentation time was 56 hours.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 8.
In the step (3), the specific method of loading is as follows: and uniformly stirring the fermentation product and the carrier, and standing for 12 hours.
Example 3
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 10kg of first part of agricultural and forestry waste and 0.5kg of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1kg of soybean rhizobium, 0.08kg of bacillus natto, 0.05kg of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.05kg of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.02kg of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste and the composite microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 5: 6 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is rotten tomatoes, enteromorpha and rice hulls in a mass ratio of 1: 1.3: 2 pulverizing, mixing, spraying slurry, granulating, and making into carrier.
The specific method for stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing rice hull, mushroom residue and livestock and fowl feces, stirring, covering with plastic film, composting, fermenting for 3 days, uncovering the plastic film, and air drying.
The raw materials are smashed or smashed before spraying granulation, the particle size of solid matters after the raw materials are processed is 100 meshes, and juice generated in the processing process is reserved.
Spraying and granulating to obtain 2mm granules, freezing to-50 deg.C at a cooling rate of 12 deg.C/min to crystallize water in the granules, and heating to room temperature (25 deg.C) at a heating rate of 3 deg.C/min under high vacuum condition to thoroughly dry the granules. During this drying process, micropores are formed on the surface.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the first part of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste is as follows: mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 300 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 hours.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the acetobacter is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an aleppo culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 3 percent (volume), after 6 days of culture, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 170r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 38 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 30 ℃, and the culture time is 40 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 42 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 30 ℃, and the culture time is 58 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter aceti is 30 ℃, and the culture time is 55 hours. The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 37 ℃ and the fermentation time was 22 hours.
In the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 37 ℃ and the fermentation time was 48 hours.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 8.
In the step (3), the specific method of loading is as follows: and uniformly stirring the fermentation product and the carrier, and standing for 10 hours.
Example 4
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 10kg of first part of agricultural and forestry waste with 1.5kg of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1kg of soybean rhizobium, 0.06kg of bacillus natto, 0.08kg of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.03kg of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.03kg of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste with the composite microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 8 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is waste lotus leaves, enteromorpha and rice hulls in a mass ratio of 1: 1.2: 3 pulverizing, mixing, spraying slurry, and granulating to obtain carrier.
The specific method for stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing rice hull, mushroom residue and livestock and fowl feces, stirring, covering with plastic film, composting, fermenting for 2 days, uncovering the plastic film, and air drying.
The raw materials are smashed or smashed before spraying granulation, the particle size of solid matters after the raw materials are processed is 100 meshes, and juice generated in the processing process is reserved.
Spraying and granulating to obtain 3mm granules, freezing to-60 deg.C at a cooling rate of 10 deg.C/min to crystallize water in the granules, and heating to room temperature (25 deg.C) at a heating rate of 2 deg.C/min under high vacuum condition to thoroughly dry the granules. During this drying process, micropores are formed on the surface.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the first part of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste is as follows: mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 400 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 hours.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the acetobacter is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an aleppo culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 5 percent (volume), after 4 days of culture, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 180r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 42 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 45 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 46 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 62 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter aceti is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 60 hours. The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 28 hours.
In the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 35 ℃ and the fermentation time 56 hours.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 5.
in the step (3), the specific method of loading is as follows: and uniformly stirring the fermentation product and the carrier, and standing for 12 hours.
Example 5
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 10kg of first part of agricultural and forestry waste with 1kg of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1kg of soybean rhizobium, 0.07kg of bacillus natto, 0.06kg of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.04kg of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.025kg of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste with the composite microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 4: 7 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is rotten apples, enteromorpha and rice hulls in a mass ratio of 1: 1.25: 2.5 pulverizing, mixing, spraying slurry, granulating, and making into carrier.
The specific method for stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing rice hull, mushroom residue and livestock and fowl feces, stirring, covering with plastic film, composting, fermenting for 3 days, uncovering the plastic film, and air drying.
The raw materials are smashed or smashed before spraying granulation, the particle size of solid matters after the raw materials are processed is 90 meshes, and juice generated in the processing process is reserved.
Spraying and granulating to obtain 2mm granules, freezing to-55 deg.C at a cooling rate of 11 deg.C/min to crystallize water in the granules, and heating to room temperature (25 deg.C) at a heating rate of 2.5 deg.C/min under high vacuum condition to thoroughly dry the granules. During this drying process, micropores are formed on the surface.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the first part of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste is as follows: mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 350 ℃, and the reaction time is 4 hours.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the acetobacter is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an aleppo culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 4 percent (volume), after 5 days of culture, the strain is respectively cultured in a shaking table at 180r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 40 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 42 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 45 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 60 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter aceti is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 58 hours. The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 36 ℃ and the fermentation time was 25 hours.
In the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 36 ℃ and the fermentation time was 52 hours.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 6.
in the step (3), the specific method of loading is as follows: and uniformly stirring the fermentation product and the carrier, and standing for 11 hours.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 10kg of first part of agricultural and forestry waste and 0.5kg of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1kg of soybean rhizobium, 0.05kg of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.03kg of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.08kg of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste and the composite microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 6 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is waste lotus leaves, enteromorpha and rice hulls in a mass ratio of 1: 1.2: 2 pulverizing, mixing, spraying slurry, granulating, and making into carrier.
The specific method for stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing rice hull, mushroom residue and livestock and fowl feces, stirring, covering with plastic film, composting, fermenting for 2 days, uncovering the plastic film, and air drying.
The raw materials are smashed or smashed before the pulp spraying granulation, the particle size of solid matters after the raw materials are processed is 80 meshes, and juice generated in the processing process is reserved.
Spraying and granulating to obtain 2mm granules, freezing to-50 deg.C at a cooling rate of 10 deg.C/min to crystallize water in the granules, and heating to room temperature (25 deg.C) at a heating rate of 2 deg.C/min under high vacuum condition to thoroughly dry the granules. During this drying process, micropores are formed on the surface.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the first part of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste is as follows: mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 300 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 hours.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation medium of the rhizobium japonicum and the acetobacter is a beef extract peptone medium, the fermentation medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an Alexandrium culture medium, the fermentation medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 3 percent (volume), after 4 days of culture, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 170r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 38 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 42 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 58 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter aceti is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 55 hours. The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 22 hours.
In the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 hours.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 5.
in the step (3), the specific method of loading is as follows: and uniformly stirring the fermentation product and the carrier, and standing for 10 hours.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 10kg of first part of agricultural and forestry waste and 0.5kg of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1kg of soybean rhizobium, 0.06kg of bacillus natto, 0.05kg of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.03kg of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.02kg of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing and fermenting the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste and the composite microbial inoculum to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 6 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is enteromorpha and rice hull in a mass ratio of 2.2: 2 pulverizing, mixing, spraying slurry, granulating, and making into carrier.
The specific method for stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing rice hull, mushroom residue and livestock and fowl feces, stirring, covering with plastic film, composting, fermenting for 2 days, uncovering the plastic film, and air drying.
The raw materials are smashed or smashed before the pulp spraying granulation, the particle size of solid matters after the raw materials are processed is 80 meshes, and juice generated in the processing process is reserved.
Spraying and granulating to obtain 2mm granules, freezing to-50 deg.C at a cooling rate of 10 deg.C/min to crystallize water in the granules, and heating to room temperature (25 deg.C) at a heating rate of 2 deg.C/min under high vacuum condition to thoroughly dry the granules. During this drying process, micropores are formed on the surface.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the first part of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste is as follows: mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 300 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 hours.
In the step (1), the preparation method of the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the acetobacter is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an aleppo culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 3 percent (volume), after 4 days of culture, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 170r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 38 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 40 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 42 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 58 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter aceti is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 55 hours. The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 22 hours.
In the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 hours.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 5.
in the step (3), the specific method of loading is as follows: and uniformly stirring the fermentation product and the carrier, and standing for 10 hours.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following specific steps: mixing 10kg of agricultural and forestry waste with 0.5kg of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1kg of soybean rhizobium, 0.06kg of bacillus natto, 0.05kg of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.03kg of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.02kg of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing and fermenting the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste with the composite microbial inoculum to obtain a fermented product, namely the soil remediation agent; wherein the agricultural and forestry wastes are rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 6 mixing, composting and fermenting.
The specific method for stack retting fermentation is as follows: mixing rice hull, mushroom residue and livestock and fowl feces, stirring, covering with plastic film, composting, fermenting for 2 days, uncovering the plastic film, and air drying.
The preparation method of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste comprises the following steps: mixing the forestry and agricultural residues with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 300 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 hours.
The preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the acetobacter is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an aleppo culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 3 percent (volume), after 4 days of culture, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 170r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 38 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 40 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 42 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 58 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter aceti is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 55 hours. The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 22 hours.
The process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 hours.
Test examples
Selecting a piece of salinization and cadmium-polluted land (a seaside mining area in Shandong, the effective cadmium content (average) is 0.66mg/kg, and the capacity is 1.89 g/cm)3The porosity is 44.32%, the pH =9.5 and the salt content is 0.4%), the soil remediation agent is averagely divided into 9 areas, the area of each area is 20 × 20m, 1 area is used as a blank group and is not treated, the remaining 8 areas are used as treatment groups, the soil remediation agent obtained in the examples 1-5 or the comparative examples 1-3 is applied to the salinized and cadmium-polluted soil in a rotary tillage mode, the application rate is 25 kg/mu, the soil remediation is completed after 3 days, and relevant index investigation is carried out, and the results are shown in Table 1.
The soil sampling method comprises the following steps: draw out 1m on the ground2Along which 1m is taken down3The soil can be sampled to carry out corresponding detection.
The measuring method of the volume weight of the soil is a cutting ring method, the measuring method of the porosity is a calculation method,f=（1-ρ b /ρ s ) × 100%, wherein the ratio of the total weight of the mixture,fto be the porosity (%),ρ b is volume weight (g/cm)3），ρ s Is the specific gravity of the soil (2.65 g/cm is taken)3）。
The pH value and the conductivity of the soil are detected by a soil multi-parameter detector (model: COMBI 5000), and then the salt content (weight content) is calculated according to the conductivity.
Table 1. results of soil physical and chemical property detection after soil remediation
| Effective cadmium content (mg/kg) | Capacity (g/cm)3） | Porosity (%) | pH | Salt content (%) | |
| Example 1 | 0.09 | 1.02 | 58.12 | 7.2 | 0.0028 |
| Example 2 | 0.09 | 1.01 | 58.16 | 7.2 | 0.0027 |
| Example 3 | 0.08 | 0.99 | 58.22 | 7.1 | 0.0024 |
| Example 4 | 0.07 | 1.00 | 58.23 | 7.1 | 0.0025 |
| Example 5 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 58.26 | 7.1 | 0.0022 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.25 | 1.11 | 54.33 | 7.9 | 0.0032 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.28 | 1.09 | 55.12 | 7.8 | 0.0033 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.49 | 1.43 | 49.81 | 8.5 | 0.0125 |
As can be seen from Table 1, after the soil is repaired by the repairing agent obtained in the examples 1-5, the effective cadmium content is obviously reduced, the soil capacity is reduced, the soil porosity is increased, the soil becomes looser, the permeability of the soil is increased, the pH value is close to neutral, the salt content is greatly reduced, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved. Comparative example 1 in step (1), bacillus natto is omitted, the acid production effect is lacked, the restoration effect on salinization and cadmium is obviously poor, and the restoration effect is shown by the synergy of various bacteria in the composite microbial agent. Comparative example 2 in step (2), waste lotus leaves, rotten apples or rotten tomatoes were omitted, the effect of the organic acids was lacking, the salinization and cadmium remediation effects were significantly deteriorated, indicating that the introduction of the organic acids contributes to the improvement of soil remediation effects. Comparative example 3 the fermented product is directly used as soil restoration agent without the protective effect of carrier, and various bacteria directly face the high concentration effect of soil alkali, salt and cadmium, so that a large amount of bacteria die, and the soil restoration effect is seriously influenced.
The rice plants were grown in the same manner for the 8 treatment groups and the blank group described above, and the rice yields were examined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of Rice yields
| Total yield (kg/mu) | |
| Example 1 | 1012 |
| Example 2 | 1015 |
| Example 3 | 1055 |
| Example 4 | 1049 |
| Example 5 | 1079 |
| Comparative example 1 | 867 |
| Comparative example 2 | 848 |
| Comparative example 3 | 658 |
| Blank group | 452 |
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the blank group, the soil repaired by the repairing agent of examples 1 to 5 can obviously improve the rice yield, and the rice yield of comparative examples 1 to 3 is obviously reduced.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a soil remediation agent based on agricultural and forestry wastes is characterized by comprising the following specific steps in parts by weight:
(1) mixing 10 parts of first part of agricultural and forestry waste and 0.5-1.5 parts of sulfur for reaction to obtain sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste, then mixing 0.1 part of soybean rhizobium, 0.06-0.08 part of bacillus natto, 0.05-0.08 part of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.03-0.05 part of pseudomonas cepacia and 0.02-0.03 part of bacillus aceticus to prepare a composite microbial inoculum, and then mixing the sulfur-modified first part of agricultural and forestry waste with the composite microbial inoculum for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
(2) then preparing a second part of agricultural and forestry waste into a carrier;
(3) finally, loading the fermentation product obtained in the step (1) on the carrier obtained in the step (2) to obtain the soil remediation agent;
wherein the first part of agricultural and forestry waste is rice hulls, mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-5: 6-8 mixing, stacking and retting for fermentation; the second part of agricultural and forestry waste is any one of waste lotus leaves, rotten apples or rotten tomatoes, and enteromorpha and rice hulls in a mass ratio of 1: 1.2-1.3: and 2-3, crushing, mixing, spraying slurry and granulating to prepare the carrier.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method of retting fermentation is: mixing and uniformly stirring the rice hulls, the mushroom residues and the livestock and poultry manure, covering the mixture with a plastic film, carrying out stack retting fermentation for 2-3 days, uncovering the plastic film, and naturally drying the mixture.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is crushed or pulverized before the pulp-spraying granulation, the particle size of the solid after the raw material treatment is 80-100 meshes, and the juice generated in the treatment process is retained.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the granules are prepared into 2-3 mm granules by spraying granulation, then the granules are frozen to-50 to-60 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10-12 ℃/min to crystallize water in the granules, and then the granules are heated to room temperature at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃/min under the condition of keeping high vacuum to completely dry the granules, and micropores are formed on the surface in the drying process.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first part of the sulfur-modified agricultural and forestry waste is prepared by the following steps in step (1): mixing the first part of the agricultural and forestry waste with sulfur, and placing the mixture in a tubular furnace for modification in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the reaction temperature is 300-400 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-5 hours.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the complex microbial inoculum is prepared as follows: firstly, fermenting each strain separately to obtain fermentation liquor of each strain, and then mixing and fermenting to obtain the compound microbial inoculum; the fermentation culture medium of the rhizobium japonicum, the bacillus natto and the bacillus aceticus is a beef extract peptone culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the azotobacter chroococcum is an alepponberg culture medium, the fermentation culture medium of the pseudomonas cepacia is a CN agar culture medium, the inoculation amount of each strain is 3-5%, after culturing for 4-6 days, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 170-180 r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the rhizobium japonicum is 27-29 ℃, and the culture time is 38-42 hours; the culture temperature of the bacillus natto is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 40-45 hours; the culture temperature of the Pseudomonas cepacia is 27-29 ℃, and the culture time is 42-46 hours; the culture temperature of azotobacter chroococcum is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 58-62 hours; the culture temperature of the acetobacter is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 55-60 hours.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the process conditions of the mixed fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 35-37 ℃, and the fermentation time is 48-56 hours.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the carrier is 1: 5 to 8.
9. An agricultural and forestry waste-based soil remediation agent prepared by the method of claims 1-8.
10. The use of the soil remediation agent of claim 9 for the remediation of saline and cadmium contaminated soil.
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