CN110367023B - Method for promoting lignification of spray-sowed plants - Google Patents
Method for promoting lignification of spray-sowed plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN110367023B CN110367023B CN201910761956.6A CN201910761956A CN110367023B CN 110367023 B CN110367023 B CN 110367023B CN 201910761956 A CN201910761956 A CN 201910761956A CN 110367023 B CN110367023 B CN 110367023B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants, which comprises the steps of preparing a spray-sown substrate layer and a seed layer; when the seeds emerge, uniformly spraying the diluted activated shell bacteria liquid to an emergence area; after the seedlings grow true leaves and lateral roots, applying the compound fertilizer A on the soil surface; when the nursery stock enters a rapid growth period, applying a compound fertilizer B on the soil surface; after the growth speed of the nursery stock is reduced, the brown algae extract is spread on the surfaces of the plant body and the soil; before the soil is frozen, the seedlings are covered with the soil in an antifreezing way. According to the invention, different fertilization methods, proportions and concentrations are adopted at different stages of plant growth, and self-made base fertilizer, bacterial liquid and extracting solution are adopted, so that different requirements of the plant growth stages on nutrition are met, meanwhile, the fertilizer requirement proportions of the plant at different stages are adjusted, bacterial liquid for promoting plant lignification is applied additionally, lignification of the plant is accelerated, cold resistance and stress resistance are enhanced, and the smooth overwintering and next-year survival rate of the plant are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant growth and fertilizers, in particular to a method for promoting lignification of spray-sowed plants.
Background
With the rapid development of economic society, the basic construction speed of China is accelerated, and a large number of exposed slopes are formed due to the implementation of construction projects such as traffic, water conservancy, mines, electric power and the like. The exposed side slopes not only influence the ecological environment landscape, but also have geological disaster hidden dangers to influence the safety and stability of main greening engineering, so that side slope spray-seeding greening begins to be vigorously carried out in many places. Because simple herbaceous afforestation can make the plant community structure very unstable, so advocate at present and adopt herbaceous woody plant to spray the afforestation jointly, nevertheless because herbaceous plant excessive growth, phenomenon such as nutrition, sunshine, moisture and other resource inadequacies will appear soon for woody plant, and to the nutrition consumption in the soil to certain extent when herbaceous plant, the slope will appear the decline of large tracts of land, returns the state in bare land again even. On the other hand, due to uncertainty of factors such as climate, soil conditions, slope gradient and the like in a construction project area, germination, growth and lignification process of woody plants in a spray-seeding matrix are affected, so that lignification of the seedlings of the woody plants is not performed for a sufficient time before winter, poor cold resistance and freezing resistance of the seedlings are seriously affected, and the seedlings often have low survival rate in the beginning of spring in the next year due to freezing injury. Therefore, reasonable fertilization maintenance management measures are required to be made to ensure the growth and lignification requirements of woody plants so as to promote the successful transformation of plant communities to target communities.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants, which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing 5-10% of base fertilizer, 5-8% of kelp starch, 2-4% of plant fiber, 10-15% of chaff, 10-20% of leaf mold, 15-20% of pine needle soil mixture, 2-5% of microbial flocculant, 15-18% of domestic sludge, 8-10% of ceramsite and 5-13% of plant ash to prepare a spray-seeding matrix layer, spraying a seed layer on the surface of the matrix layer, and spraying water for maintenance in time after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the water is sprayed twice a day in the morning and evening;
(2) when seeds emerge, diluting the activated shell bacteria liquid in water according to the proportion of 1 (150-250), and uniformly spraying the diluted activated shell bacteria liquid to an emergence area;
(3) after the overground part of the seedling has true leaves and lateral roots growing in the underground part for 7-14 days, applying the compound fertilizer A on the soil surface, and watering and maintaining after 1-2 days;
(4) when the nursery stock enters a rapid growth period, applying the compound fertilizer B on the surface of the soil, watering and maintaining after 1-2 days, and spraying a foliar fertilizer on the surface of the plant body after 7-14 days according to the growth condition of the plant;
(5) stopping frequent watering after the growth speed of the seedlings is obviously reduced, spraying the brown algae extract on the surfaces of the plant bodies and the soil, and watering and maintaining after 3-5 days;
(6) before the soil is frozen, the seedlings are covered with rice straws and wheat straws in an antifreezing way, so that the soil is kept at a certain temperature, and the seedlings can be fully lignified before entering the winter.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 to 25 percent of waste shell powder, 10 to 15 percent of brown algae powder, 15 to 20 percent of seabird manure, 10 to 15 percent of green manure, 5 to 15 percent of cow manure and 25 to 30 percent of agricultural and forestry waste.
Preferably, the preparation method of the activated shell bacteria liquid in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
A. collecting shells of crab shells, shrimp shells, shellfish shells, conch shells and other waste marine organisms, sending the shells into a steam chamber for high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection and sterilization, controlling the temperature of introduced water vapor to be 350-400 ℃, and controlling the pressure value to be 0.25-0.35 Mpa;
B. b, conveying the shell substances sterilized at high temperature and high pressure in the step A into a washing roller machine to be washed at normal temperature for 30-40 min, and collecting the liquid after washing;
C. b, conveying the shell substance cleaned in the step B into a cylinder crusher for crushing, and ensuring that the diameter of the crushed substance is 1-2 cm;
D. c, washing the shell substances crushed in the step C with water, then sending the washed shell substances into a dryer for dewatering and drying, and then sending the dried shell substances into a pulverizer for grinding to obtain filtrate and waste shell powder, wherein the waste shell powder is used as a raw material for preparing a base fertilizer;
E. mixing the liquid cleaned in the step B and the filtrate obtained in the step D, uniformly stirring, and adding the filtrate of the waste fruits and vegetables, polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, plant ash water and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to obtain a mixed solution;
F. quantitatively taking out the mixed liquid obtained in the step E, adding the mixed liquid into a fermentation culture medium, performing shake cultivation for 24-36 h, and adjusting the fungus concentration of the mixed liquid to 99cfu/ml～119 cfu/ml；
G. Feeding the mixed solution cultured in the step F into a stirring fermentation barrel for fermentation, keeping the temperature in the barrel at 55-65 ℃, the fermentation time at 24-48 h, the stirring speed at 180-220 r/min, and the ventilation volume at 2.5-3.5L/min;
H. and G, carrying out compound mutagenesis on the mixed liquid fermented in the step G by using ultraviolet rays and diethyl sulfate to obtain the activated shell bacteria liquid.
Preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion of the compound fertilizer A in the step (3) is 1: 2: 2, the fertilizing concentration is 1 to 3 percent, and the spreading amount is 10g/m2～15g/m2The frequency of spreading is 10-15 days per time.
Preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion of the compound fertilizer B in the step (4) is 1: 1:1, the fertilizing concentration is 1.5 to 4 percent, and the spreading amount is 15g/m2～20g/m2The frequency of application is 14-21 days/time.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in the step (4) can determine the application amount and variety according to the growth condition of plants, the front and back surfaces of the leaves of the plants are uniformly sprayed and finely sprayed, and the selectable foliar fertilizer is as follows: urea with the concentration of 0.5 to 2 percent, ferrous sulfate with the concentration of 0.2 to 1.0 percent, borax with the concentration of 0.3 to 0.5 percent, manganese chloride with the concentration of 0.05 to 0.10 percent, copper sulfate with the concentration of 0.02 to 0.04 percent, zinc sulfate with the concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 percent, ammonium molybdate with the concentration of 0.02 to 0.05 percent and the like.
Preferably, the preparation method of the brown algae extract in step (5) comprises the following steps:
a. mixing Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum according to a ratio of 1:1, and feeding into a mincing machine for mincing to obtain a mixture;
b. b, feeding the mixture obtained in the step a into a grinding machine for fine grinding to obtain paste;
c. c, filtering the paste in the step b to obtain paste on the sieve and filtrate under the sieve;
d. c, drying and exposing the paste on the screen in the step c to obtain brown algae powder, wherein the brown algae powder is used as a raw material for preparing the base fertilizer;
e. c, sending the filtrate obtained under the screen in the step c into a high-speed centrifuge for centrifugal precipitation to obtain a centrifugate;
f. e, intensively concentrating the centrifugate in the step e on a water bath to obtain a concentrate;
g. c, feeding the concentrate in the step f into an electric heating constant-temperature incubator, and performing heating culture to obtain a culture;
h. taking out the culture obtained in the step g, cooling to normal temperature, adding alcohol, and clarifying at low temperature to obtain a clarified liquid;
i. and (4) adding ether into the clarified liquid obtained in the step h, heating in a water bath, concentrating, extracting, and refrigerating for storage to obtain the brown algae extracting solution.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the high-speed centrifuge in the step e is 1900-2100 revolutions per minute, and the centrifugation time is 10-20 min.
Preferably, the temperature of the electric heating constant temperature incubator in the step f is set to be 80-100 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20-40 min.
Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature clarification of the step h is set to be 0-6 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 18-24 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, different fertilization methods, proportions and concentrations are adopted at different stages of plant growth, and self-made base fertilizer, bacterial liquid and extracting solution are adopted, so that different requirements of the plant growth stages on nutrition are met, meanwhile, the fertilizer requirement proportions of the plant at different stages are adjusted, bacterial liquid for promoting plant lignification is applied additionally, lignification of the plant is accelerated, cold resistance and stress resistance are enhanced, and the smooth overwintering and next-year survival rate of the plant are ensured.
2. The invention utilizes the shells of the waste marine organisms in life to prepare the base fertilizer raw material, provides sufficient elements such as calcium, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, strontium, magnesium and the like for the spray-sown soil, also provides organic matters such as glycoprotein, polysaccharide and the like, is beneficial to improving the capability of the plants to bear dehydration stress during freezing, reduces the freezing water loss of cells, simultaneously utilizes the cleaning solution and the filtrate in the treatment process to prepare the activated shell bacteria liquid, forms beneficial bacteria groups in the soil after the plants are sprayed, activates the soil, greatly enhances the stress resistance of the plants, combines the waste marine organisms with the microbial fermentation engineering, comprehensively develops and utilizes the marine shell organisms, reduces the pollution of waste to the environment, changes waste into valuables and saves resources.
3. The brown algae powder and the brown algae extracting solution are extracted from brown algae and are respectively used for preparing a base fertilizer in a basal layer before spraying and a liquid fertilizer sprayed at the later growth stage of plants.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail and fully with reference to the following examples, and it should be understood that the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all of the examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants, comprising the steps of:
(1) collecting shells of crab shell, shrimp shell, shellfish shell, and sea snail shell, sterilizing in steam chamber at high temperature and high pressure, introducing steam at 350 deg.C and 0.25 Mpa, cleaning in water-washing roller at room temperature for 40min, and collecting the cleaned liquid;
(2) b, conveying the shell material cleaned in the step B into a cylindrical crusher for crushing, ensuring the diameter of the crushed material to be 1-2 cm, washing the crushed shell material with water, conveying the washed shell material into a dryer for dewatering and drying, and then conveying the shell material into a pulverizer for pulverizing to obtain filtrate and waste shell powder;
(3) mixing the liquid cleaned in the step (1) and the filtrate obtained in the step (2), stirring uniformly, adding the filtrate of the waste fruits and vegetables, polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, plant ash water and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to obtain a mixed solution, quantitatively taking out the mixed solution, adding the mixed solution into a fermentation culture medium, performing shake culture for 24 hours, adjusting the fungus concentration of the mixed solution to 99cfu/ml～119cfu/ml, then feeding the mixture into a stirring fermentation barrel for fermentation, keeping the temperature in the barrel at 55 ℃, the fermentation time at 48 hours, stirring speed at 180r/min and ventilation volume at 2.5L/min, and finally carrying out ultraviolet ray and diethyl sulfate compound mutagenesis on the fermented mixed solution to obtain activated shell bacteria liquid;
(4) mixing Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum according to a ratio of 1:1, feeding into a blender, blending, feeding the obtained mixture into a grinder, finely grinding, filtering the obtained paste to obtain an oversize paste and an undersize filtrate, drying the oversize paste, and exposing to the sun to obtain brown algae powder;
(5) sending the filtrate to a high-speed centrifuge for centrifugal precipitation, controlling the rotation speed at 1900 r/min, centrifuging for 20min, performing intensive concentration on the obtained centrifugate in a water bath, sending the obtained concentrate to an electrothermal constant-temperature incubator for heating culture at 80 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40min, taking out the obtained culture, cooling to normal temperature, adding alcohol, clarifying at 0 ℃ for 24h, adding ether into the obtained clarified liquid, heating in the water bath, performing concentration extraction, and performing cold storage to obtain brown algae extract;
(6) uniformly mixing the 15% of waste shell powder obtained in the step (2), the 10% of brown algae powder obtained in the step (4), 15% of seabird manure, 15% of green manure, 15% of cow manure and 30% of agricultural and forestry waste to prepare a base fertilizer;
(7) uniformly mixing 10% of base fertilizer, 8% of kelp starch, 2% of plant fiber, 15% of chaff, 20% of leaf mold, 15% of pine needle soil, 2% of microbial flocculant, 15% of domestic sludge, 8% of ceramsite and 5% of plant ash in the step (6) to prepare a spray-seeding matrix layer, spraying a seed layer on the surface of the matrix layer, and spraying water for maintenance in time after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the seed layer is sprayed twice a day in the morning and at night;
(8) when seeds emerge, diluting the activated shell bacteria liquid obtained in the step (3) in water according to the ratio of 1:150, and uniformly spraying the diluted activated shell bacteria liquid to an emergence area;
(9) and (3) after the overground part of the seedling has true leaves and lateral roots growing in the underground part for 7 days, applying a compound fertilizer A on the soil surface, watering and maintaining after 1-2 days, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer A is 1: 2: 2, the fertilizing concentration is 1 percent, and the spreading amount is 15g/m2The spreading frequency is 10 days/time;
(10) and when the nursery stock enters a rapid growth period, applying a compound fertilizer B on the surface of the soil, watering and maintaining after 1 day, and spraying a foliar fertilizer on the surface of the plant body after 7 days according to the growth condition of the plant, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer B is 1: 1:1, the fertilizing concentration is 1.5 percent, and the spreading amount is 20g/m2The spreading frequency is 14 days/time;
(11) stopping frequent watering after the growth speed of the seedlings is obviously reduced, spreading the brown algae extract in the step (5) on the surfaces of the plant bodies and the soil, and watering and maintaining after 3 days;
(12) before the soil is frozen, the seedlings are covered with rice straws and wheat straws in an antifreezing way, so that the soil is kept at a certain temperature, and the seedlings can be fully lignified before entering the winter.
Example 2
A method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants, comprising the steps of:
(1) collecting shells of crab shell, shrimp shell, shellfish shell, and sea snail shell, sterilizing in steam chamber at high temperature and high pressure, introducing steam at 370 deg.C and 0.30Mpa, cleaning in water washing roller at room temperature for 35min, and collecting the cleaned liquid;
(2) b, conveying the shell material cleaned in the step B into a cylindrical crusher for crushing, ensuring the diameter of the crushed material to be 1-2 cm, washing the crushed shell material with water, conveying the washed shell material into a dryer for dewatering and drying, and then conveying the shell material into a pulverizer for pulverizing to obtain filtrate and waste shell powder;
(3) mixing the liquid cleaned in the step (1) and the filtrate obtained in the step (2), stirring uniformly, adding the filtrate of the waste fruits and vegetables, polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, plant ash water and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to obtain a mixed solution, quantitatively taking out the mixed solution, adding the mixed solution into a fermentation culture medium, culturing for 30h by a shaking table, adjusting the fungus concentration of the mixed solution to 99cfu/ml～119cfu/ml, then feeding the mixture into a stirring fermentation barrel for fermentation, keeping the temperature in the barrel at 60 ℃, the fermentation time at 36h, the stirring speed at 200r/min and the ventilation volume at 3L/min, and finally carrying out ultraviolet ray and diethyl sulfate compound mutagenesis on the fermented mixed solution to obtain activated shell bacteria liquid;
(4) mixing Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum according to a ratio of 1:1, feeding into a blender, blending, feeding the obtained mixture into a grinder, finely grinding, filtering the obtained paste to obtain an oversize paste and an undersize filtrate, drying the oversize paste, and exposing to the sun to obtain brown algae powder;
(5) sending the filtrate to a high-speed centrifuge for centrifugal precipitation, controlling the rotation speed at 2000 rpm, centrifuging for 15min, performing intensive concentration on the obtained centrifugate in a water bath, sending the obtained concentrate to an electrothermal constant-temperature incubator for heating culture at 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, taking out the obtained culture, cooling to normal temperature, adding alcohol, clarifying at 3 ℃ for 21 h, adding ether into the obtained clarified liquid, heating in the water bath, performing concentration extraction, and performing cold storage to obtain brown algae extract;
(6) uniformly mixing 20% of waste shell powder obtained in the step (2), 13% of brown algae powder obtained in the step (4), 17% of seabird manure, 12% of green manure, 10% of cow manure and 28% of agricultural and forestry waste to prepare a base fertilizer;
(7) uniformly mixing 8% of base fertilizer, 7% of kelp starch, 3% of plant fiber, 12% of chaff, 15% of leaf mold, 18% of pine needle soil, 4% of microbial flocculant, 16% of domestic sludge, 9% of ceramsite and 7% of plant ash in the step (6) to prepare a spray-seeding matrix layer, spraying a seed layer on the surface of the matrix layer, and spraying water for maintenance in time after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the seed layer is sprayed twice a day in the morning and at night;
(8) when seeds emerge, diluting the activated shell bacteria liquid obtained in the step (3) in water according to the ratio of 1:200, and uniformly spraying the diluted activated shell bacteria liquid to an emergence area;
(9) and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer A on the soil surface 10 days after the overground part of the seedling has true leaves and lateral roots growing in the underground part, watering and maintaining 1 day later, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer A is 1: 2: 2, the fertilizing concentration is 2 percent, and the spreading amount is 12g/m2The spreading frequency is 13 days/time;
(10) and when the nursery stock enters a rapid growth period, applying a compound fertilizer B on the surface of the soil, watering and maintaining after 2 days, and spraying a foliar fertilizer on the surface of the plant body after 10 days according to the growth condition of the plant, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer B is 1: 1:1, the fertilizing concentration is 2.7 percent, and the spreading amount is 17g/m2The spreading frequency is 18 days/time;
(11) stopping frequent watering after the growth speed of the seedlings is obviously reduced, spreading the brown algae extract in the step (5) on the surfaces of the plant bodies and the soil, and watering and maintaining after 4 days;
(12) before the soil is frozen, the seedlings are covered with rice straws and wheat straws in an antifreezing way, so that the soil is kept at a certain temperature, and the seedlings can be fully lignified before entering the winter.
Example 3
A method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants, comprising the steps of:
(1) collecting shells of crab shell, shrimp shell, shellfish shell, and sea snail shell, sterilizing in steam chamber at high temperature and high pressure, introducing steam at 400 deg.C and 0.35Mpa, cleaning in water washing roller at room temperature for 30min, and collecting the cleaned liquid;
(2) b, conveying the shell material cleaned in the step B into a cylindrical crusher for crushing, ensuring the diameter of the crushed material to be 1-2 cm, washing the crushed shell material with water, conveying the washed shell material into a dryer for dewatering and drying, and then conveying the shell material into a pulverizer for pulverizing to obtain filtrate and waste shell powder;
(3) mixing the liquid cleaned in the step (1) and the filtrate obtained in the step (2), stirring uniformly, adding the filtrate of the waste fruits and vegetables, polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, vegetation ash water,Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to obtain mixed solution, quantitatively taking out the mixed solution, adding into fermentation medium, shake culturing for 36 hr, and adjusting the fungus concentration of the mixed solution to 99cfu/ml～119cfu/ml, then feeding the mixture into a stirring fermentation barrel for fermentation, keeping the temperature in the barrel at 65 ℃, the fermentation time at 24 hours, stirring speed at 220r/min and ventilation volume at 3.5L/min, and finally carrying out ultraviolet ray and diethyl sulfate compound mutagenesis on the fermented mixed solution to obtain activated shell bacteria liquid;
(4) mixing Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum according to a ratio of 1:1, feeding into a blender, blending, feeding the obtained mixture into a grinder, finely grinding, filtering the obtained paste to obtain an oversize paste and an undersize filtrate, drying the oversize paste, and exposing to the sun to obtain brown algae powder;
(5) sending the filtrate to a high-speed centrifuge for centrifugal precipitation, controlling the rotation speed at 2100 revolutions per minute, centrifuging for 10 min, performing intensive concentration on the obtained centrifugate in a water bath, sending the obtained concentrate to an electric heating constant-temperature incubator for heating culture at 100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, taking out the obtained culture, cooling to normal temperature, adding alcohol, performing low-temperature clarification at 6 ℃ for 18h, adding ether into the obtained clarified liquid, heating in the water bath, performing concentration extraction, and performing cold storage to obtain brown algae extract;
(6) uniformly mixing 25% of waste shell powder obtained in the step (2), 10% of brown algae powder obtained in the step (4), 20% of seabird manure, 10% of green manure, 5% of cow manure and 30% of agricultural and forestry waste to prepare a base fertilizer;
(7) uniformly mixing 5% of base fertilizer, 5% of kelp starch, 4% of plant fiber, 10% of chaff, 10% of leaf mold, 20% of pine needle soil, 5% of microbial flocculant, 18% of domestic sludge, 10% of ceramsite and 13% of plant ash in the step (6) to prepare a spray-seeding matrix layer, spraying a seed layer on the surface of the matrix layer, and spraying water for maintenance in time after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the seed layer is sprayed twice a day in the morning and at night;
(8) when seeds emerge, diluting the activated shell bacteria liquid obtained in the step (3) in water according to the ratio of 1: 250, and uniformly spraying the diluted activated shell bacteria liquid to an emergence area;
(9) when the overground part of the seedling has true leaves and lateral roots growing in the underground partAnd (3) spreading the compound fertilizer A on the soil surface after 14 days, watering and maintaining after 2 days, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer A is 1: 2: 2, the fertilizing concentration is 3 percent, and the spreading amount is 10g/m2The spreading frequency is 15 days/time;
(10) and (3) when the nursery stock enters a rapid growth period, applying a compound fertilizer B on the surface of the soil, watering and maintaining after 2 days, and spraying a foliar fertilizer on the surface of the plant body after 14 days according to the growth condition of the plant, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer B is 1: 1:1, the fertilizing concentration is 4 percent, and the spreading amount is 15g/m2The spreading frequency is 21 days/time;
(11) stopping frequent watering after the growth speed of the seedlings is obviously reduced, spreading the brown algae extract in the step (5) on the surfaces of the plant bodies and the soil, and watering and maintaining after 5 days;
(12) before the soil is frozen, the seedlings are covered with rice straws and wheat straws in an antifreezing way, so that the soil is kept at a certain temperature, and the seedlings can be fully lignified before entering the winter.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing 5-10% of base fertilizer, 5-8% of kelp starch, 2-4% of plant fiber, 10-15% of chaff, 10-20% of leaf mold, 15-20% of pine needle soil, 2-5% of microbial flocculant, 15-18% of domestic sludge, 8-10% of ceramsite and 5-13% of plant ash to prepare a spray-seeding matrix layer, spraying a seed layer on the surface of the matrix layer, and spraying water for maintenance in time after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the water is sprayed twice in the morning and evening each day;
(2) when seeds emerge, diluting the activated shell bacteria liquid in water according to the proportion of 1 (150-250), and uniformly spraying the diluted activated shell bacteria liquid to an emergence area;
(3) after the overground part of the seedling has true leaves and lateral roots growing in the underground part for 7-14 days, applying the compound fertilizer A on the soil surface, and watering and maintaining after 1-2 days;
(4) when the nursery stock enters a rapid growth period, applying compound fertilizer B on the surface of soil, watering and maintaining after 1-2 days, and spraying foliar fertilizer on the surface of the plant body after 7-14 days according to the growth condition of the plant;
(5) stopping frequent watering after the growth speed of the seedlings is obviously reduced, spraying the brown algae extract on the surfaces of the plant bodies and the soil, and watering and maintaining after 3-5 days;
(6) before the soil is frozen, the seedlings are covered with rice straws and wheat straws in an antifreezing way, so that the soil is ensured to be maintained at a certain temperature, and the seedlings can be fully lignified before entering winter;
the preparation method of the activated shell bacteria liquid in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
A. collecting shells of the waste marine organisms, sending the shells into a steam chamber for high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection and sterilization, controlling the temperature of introduced steam to be 350-400 ℃, and controlling the pressure value to be 0.25-0.35 Mpa;
B. b, conveying the shell substances sterilized at high temperature and high pressure in the step A into a washing roller machine to be washed at normal temperature for 30-40 min, and collecting the liquid after washing;
C. b, feeding the shell substances cleaned in the step B into a cylinder crusher for crushing, and ensuring that the diameter of the crushed substances is 1-2 cm;
D. c, washing the shell substances crushed in the step C with water, then sending the washed shell substances into a dryer for dewatering and drying, and then sending the dried shell substances into a pulverizer for grinding to obtain filtrate and waste shell powder, wherein the waste shell powder is used as a raw material for preparing the base fertilizer;
E. mixing the liquid cleaned in the step B and the filtrate obtained in the step D, uniformly stirring, and adding the filtrate of the waste fruits and vegetables, polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, plant ash water and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to obtain a mixed solution;
F. quantitatively taking out the mixed liquid obtained in the step E, adding the mixed liquid into a fermentation culture medium, performing shake culture for 24-36 h, and adjusting the fungus concentration of the mixed liquid to 9 multiplied by 109cfu/ml～11×109 cfu/ml；
G. Feeding the mixed solution cultured in the step F into a stirring fermentation barrel for fermentation, keeping the temperature in the barrel at 55-65 ℃, the fermentation time at 24-48 h, the stirring speed at 180-220 r/min, and the ventilation volume at 2.5-3.5L/min;
H. c, carrying out ultraviolet ray and diethyl sulfate treatment on the mixed solution fermented in the step G to obtain activated shell bacteria liquid;
the preparation method of the brown algae extracting solution in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
a. mixing Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum according to a ratio of 1:1, and feeding into a mincing machine for mincing to obtain a mixture;
b. b, feeding the mixture obtained in the step a into a grinding machine for fine grinding to obtain paste;
c. c, filtering the paste in the step b to obtain paste on the sieve and filtrate under the sieve;
d. drying and exposing the paste on the screen in the step c to the sun to obtain brown algae powder, wherein the brown algae powder is used as a raw material for preparing the base fertilizer;
e. c, sending the filtrate obtained under the screen in the step c into a high-speed centrifuge for centrifugal precipitation to obtain a centrifugate;
f. e, intensively concentrating the centrifugate in the step e on a water bath to obtain a concentrate;
g. c, feeding the concentrate in the step f into an electric heating constant-temperature incubator, and performing heating culture to obtain a culture;
h. taking out the culture obtained in the step g, cooling to normal temperature, adding alcohol, and clarifying at low temperature to obtain a clarified liquid;
i. and (4) adding ether into the clarified liquid obtained in the step h, heating in a water bath, concentrating, extracting, and refrigerating for storage to obtain the brown algae extracting solution.
2. The method for promoting lignification of spray-sowed plants according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer A in the step (3) is 1: 2: 2, the fertilizing concentration is 1% -3%, and the spreading amount is 10-15 g/m2The fertilizer is applied every 10 to 15 days.
3. The method for promoting the lignification of the spray-sowed plants according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer B in the step (4) is 1: 1:1, the fertilizing concentration is 1.5% -4%, and the spreading amount is 15-20 g/m2The fertilizer is applied every 14 to 21 days.
4. The method for promoting the lignification of the spray-sown plants according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer of the step (4) determines the application amount and the type according to the growth condition of the plants, the front and the back of the leaves of the plants are uniformly sprayed and finely sprayed, and the selected foliar fertilizer is: urea with the concentration of 0.5 to 2 percent, ferrous sulfate with the concentration of 0.2 to 1.0 percent, borax with the concentration of 0.3 to 0.5 percent, manganese chloride with the concentration of 0.05 to 0.10 percent, copper sulfate with the concentration of 0.02 to 0.04 percent, zinc sulfate with the concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 percent or ammonium molybdate with the concentration of 0.02 to 0.05 percent.
5. The method for promoting the lignification of spray-sown plants according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the high-speed centrifuge in the step e is 1900-2100 rpm, and the centrifugation time is 10-20 min.
6. The method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the step g of the electrically heated thermostated incubator is set to 80 ℃ to 100 ℃ and maintained for 20min to 40 min.
7. The method for promoting lignification of spray-sown plants according to claim 1, wherein the temperature for the step h of low-temperature clarification is set to 0 ℃ to 6 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 18h to 24 h.
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