CN112753530A - Mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, mountain slope protection matrix and mountain slope enhancement method - Google Patents
Mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, mountain slope protection matrix and mountain slope enhancement method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mountain slope protection, in particular to a mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, a mountain slope enhancement protection matrix and a mountain slope reinforcement method. The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer provided by the invention is mainly used in the zones which are difficult to afforest, such as the coastal mountain rock slope and hard spray-planted land, so that the afforestation with the purposes of restoring natural ecological environment and beautifying the landscape becomes possible, and the more perfect protection of the coastal mountain rock slope can be realized. Moreover, the mountain slope protection matrix enhancer provided by the invention can be applied to greening treatment of high and steep rocky slopes in coastal mountainous regions, the application of the mountain slope protection matrix enhancer not only reduces the construction difficulty and ensures the operability principle of engineering and the whole effect of slope greening treatment, but also solves the problem of shallow layer protection of rock slopes in coastal mountainous regions, and truly realizes the perfect combination of the two functions of the slope protection and greening in coastal mountainous regions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mountain slope protection, in particular to a mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, a mountain slope enhancement protection matrix and a mountain slope reinforcement method.
Background
Slope protection refers to the general term of respective paving and planting on a slope surface in order to prevent the slope from being washed. Because the reason such as slope protection bearing pressure is big, along with the extension of bank protection live time, the destruction problem can appear in the bank protection, often needs the secondary strengthening.
The traditional method for repairing the damaged position of the slope protection of the coastal mountain in the prior art is as follows: and carrying out totally-enclosed stone-building protection or concrete protection by adopting spray anchors. Although the rigid protection stabilizes the side slope of the coastal mountain, a series of serious environmental problems such as ecological imbalance, visual pollution and the like are caused. Because of the extremely complex environment of the coastal mountainous region, the current technology is still in a blank research field in the process of preventing and controlling the slope protection damage of the coastal mountainous region.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, a mountain slope enhancement matrix and a mountain slope enhancement method, and the mountain slope protection matrix enhancer provided by the invention is used in the zones which are difficult to afforest, such as coastal mountain rock slopes and hard spray-planted lands, so that the afforestation aiming at restoring the natural ecological environment and beautifying the landscape becomes possible, and the perfect protection of the coastal mountain rock slopes can be realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a mountain slope protection matrix enhancer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-10 parts of granulating agent, 0.5-5 parts of municipal sludge, 2-5 parts of humectant, 1-4 parts of donkey manure, 1-5 parts of slow release fertilizer, 5-15 parts of fluorite, 10-15 parts of fungus, 5-8 parts of pH regulator, 5-15 parts of perlite and 5-8 parts of plant ash.
Preferably, the granulating agent is a polypropylene granulating agent;
the humectant is sodium polyacrylate super absorbent resin;
the pH regulator is pine needle soil;
the fungus is Arundinacea spinosa or Phanerochaete chrysosporium or ground sacculus mould; the fungus is provided in the form of a bacterial suspension, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 5-8 multiplied by 105cfu/mL。
The invention provides a mountain strengthening slope protection matrix which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 6.5-10 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matters and 1-5 parts of the mountain slope protection matrix enhancer in the technical scheme; the sandy loam contains plant seeds.
Preferably, when the mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate is used as a slope protection base layer, the mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 8-10 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matters and 1-5 parts of mountain slope protection matrix enhancer;
when the mountain-reinforced slope protection matrix is used as a slope protection surface layer, the mountain-reinforced slope protection matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 6.5-7.5 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matters and 5 parts of mountain slope protection matrix enhancer.
Preferably, the content of sand grains in the sandy loam is less than or equal to 5 wt.%, the grain diameter is less than or equal to 8mm, and the water content is less than or equal to 20 wt.%.
Preferably, the plant seeds include tree seeds, shrub seeds and grass seeds;
the arbor seeds are locust seeds, ailanthus seeds, torch tree seeds and oak seeds;
the shrub seeds are magnolia multiflora bunge seeds, lespedeza virgata seeds, amorpha fruticosa seeds and pyracantha fortuneana seeds;
the plant seeds are alfalfa seeds, white clover seeds, Chinese zoysia japonica seeds, ophicalcitum seeds and multipyratia japonica seeds.
Preferably, the organic matter is green beer grains, vinegar residues or plant straw fermentation products.
The invention also provides a method for reinforcing the mountain slope, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the basic-layer components of the mountain-reinforced slope protection matrix in the technical scheme with water to obtain basic-layer slurry; spraying the base layer slurry on the slope surface of the mountain side slope to be reinforced to obtain a reinforced slope protection base layer matrix;
mixing the surface layer components of the mountain reinforcing slope protection matrix in the technical scheme with water to obtain surface layer slurry; and spraying the surface layer slurry on the surface of the reinforced slope protection base layer matrix.
Preferably, when the spraying is carried out, the included angle between the spray head and the vertical line of the slope surface is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the vertical distance between the spray head and the slope surface is 0.6-1.0 m; and during spray planting, the output pressure is more than or equal to 0.1 MPa.
Preferably, before the spraying of the base layer slurry, the method further comprises: carrying out slope finishing on the slope of the mountain to be reinforced, and laying and installing an ecological zinc-plated geonet and rivets on the finished slope;
after the surface layer slurry is sprayed, the method also comprises the following steps: curing the reinforced matrix; the maintenance specifically comprises the following steps: covering a non-woven fabric on the surface of the strengthened substrate, and spraying water on the surface of the substrate every day; the curing time is 2 months.
The invention provides a mountain slope protection matrix enhancer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-10 parts of granulating agent, 0.5-5 parts of municipal sludge, 2-5 parts of humectant, 1-4 parts of donkey manure, 1-5 parts of slow release fertilizer, 5-15 parts of fluorite, 10-15 parts of specific fungus, 5-8 parts of pH regulator, 5-15 parts of perlite and 5-8 parts of plant ash.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a mountain slope protection matrix enhancer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-10 parts of granulating agent, 0.5-5 parts of municipal sludge, 2-5 parts of humectant, 1-4 parts of donkey manure, 1-5 parts of slow release fertilizer, 5-15 parts of fluorite, 10-15 parts of fungus, 5-8 parts of pH regulator, 5-15 parts of perlite and 5-8 parts of plant ash.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer provided by the invention is mainly used in the zones which are difficult to afforest, such as the coastal mountain rock slope and hard spray-planted land, so that the afforestation with the purposes of restoring natural ecological environment and beautifying the landscape becomes possible, and the more perfect protection of the coastal mountain rock slope can be realized. Moreover, the mountain slope protection matrix enhancer provided by the invention can be applied to greening treatment of high and steep rocky slopes in coastal mountainous regions, the application of the mountain slope protection matrix enhancer not only reduces the construction difficulty and ensures the operability principle of engineering and the whole effect of slope greening treatment, but also solves the problem of shallow layer protection of rock slopes in coastal mountainous regions, and truly realizes the perfect combination of the two functions of the slope protection and greening in coastal mountainous regions.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises 1-10 parts by mass of granulating agent, and preferably 2-5 parts by mass. In the present invention, the aggregating agent is preferably a polypropylene-based aggregating agent; the polypropylene aggregate of the present invention is obtained from commercially available products known to those skilled in the art, without any particular requirement for the source of the aggregate.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises, by mass, 0.5-5 parts of municipal sludge, and preferably 1-3 parts of municipal sludge. In the invention, the municipal sludge is used as a matrix material of the reinforcer, thereby realizing the waste utilization and the side slope fixing protection.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises 2-5 parts by mass of a humectant, and preferably 2.5-3 parts by mass. In the present invention, the humectant is preferably a sodium polyacrylate type super absorbent resin.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises, by mass, 1-4 parts of donkey manure, and preferably 3-4 parts of donkey manure.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises, by mass, 1-5 parts of slow release fertilizer, and preferably 2-3 parts.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises, by mass, 5-15 parts of fluorite, preferably 10-15 parts of fluorite, and further preferably 10-12 parts of fluorite.
By massThe mountain slope protection matrix enhancer provided by the invention preferably comprises 10-15 parts of fungi. In the invention, the fungus is Arundinacea spinosa, Phanerochaete chrysosporium or glomus fulvus or glomus marmoreus; the fungus is provided in the form of a bacterial suspension, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 5-8 multiplied by 105cfu/mL。
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises, by mass, 5-8 parts of a pH regulator (pine needle wood), and preferably 6-7 parts. In the present invention, the pH adjusting agent is preferably pine needle soil.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises, by mass, 5-15 parts of perlite, preferably 6-12 parts of perlite, and more preferably 10-12 parts of perlite. In the invention, the perlite is matched with fluorite to be used as a collective material of a slope protection substrate and is provided in a particle form, and when the perlite is used for slope reinforcement, the contact among the particles ensures the circulation of air.
The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises, by mass, 5-8 parts of plant ash, and preferably 6-7 parts of plant ash. In the invention, the plant ash can promote the germination of seeds, improve the soil temperature, keep a loose and ventilated state and promote the seeds to germinate in advance, and the grown seedlings are tidy and strong and have high seedling rate; but also can promote rooting, reduce plant diseases and insect pests and prevent fallen leaves; inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests.
The enhancer provided by the invention can improve the soil structure, promote the supply of oxygen, and effectively generate air combination in the soil, so that the enhancer plays an important role in establishing the root system of the seedling and permeating and absorbing water and nutrient substances; can neutralize the serious alkalinity caused by the addition of cement, adjust the pH value of the base material and reduce the hydration heat; the porosity of the base material is increased, and the air permeability is improved; changing the deformation characteristic of the base material to prevent the base material from generating cracks; provides soil microorganisms and organic bacteria, and is favorable for accelerating the activation of the base material.
The enhancer provided by the invention can stabilize the side slope of the coastal mountain without causing a series of serious environmental problems such as ecological imbalance, visual pollution and the like; and is suitable for extremely complex environments in coastal mountainous regions.
The invention has no special requirement on the preparation of the mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, and can be prepared by adopting the mixing of the composition well known by the technical personnel in the field.
The invention provides a mountain strengthening slope protection matrix which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 6.5-10 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matters and 1-5 parts of the mountain slope protection matrix enhancer in the technical scheme; the sandy loam contains plant seeds.
The mountain strengthening slope protection substrate comprises, by mass, 100 parts of sandy loam; the sandy loam contains plant seeds. In the present invention, the plant seed preferably includes a tree seed, a shrub seed and a grass seed. The arbor seeds are preferably locust seeds, ailanthus seeds, torch tree seeds and oak seeds; the amount of the locust tree seeds is preferably 14g/m in terms of the area of the slope to be strengthened2The using amount of the ailanthus seeds is preferably 15g/m2The dosage of the rhus typhina seeds is preferably 14g/m2The dosage of the oak seeds is preferably 12g/m2. The shrub seeds are preferably magnolia multiflora bunge seeds, lespedeza virgata seeds, amorpha fruticosa seeds and pyracantha fortuneana seeds; the dosage of the magnolia variegata seeds is preferably 7g/m in terms of the area of the slope surface to be strengthened2The preferred dosage of the seed of the lespedeza virgata is 3g/m2The dosage of the amorpha fruticosa seeds is preferably 12g/m2The dosage of the pyracantha fortuneana seeds is preferably 10g/m2. The said grass seeds are preferably alfalfa seeds, white clover seeds, Chinese zoysia japonica seeds, ophicalcitum seeds and multipyratia seeds; the amount of alfalfa seeds is preferably 5g/m based on the area of the slope to be strengthened2The preferred dosage of Trifolium repens seeds is 4g/m2The dosage of the zoysia sinensis seeds is preferably 5g/m2The dosage of the long-pistachio stone flower seeds is preferably 4g/m2The dosage of the seeds of the Murraya floribunda is preferably 3g/m2. The invention selects specific plant seeds, can adapt to the environment of coastal mountainous regions, and can quickly grow to play a role in protection.
In the invention, the content of sand grains in the sandy loam is preferably less than or equal to 5 wt.%, the grain diameter is preferably less than or equal to 8mm, and the water content is preferably less than or equal to 20 wt.%.
The mountain reinforcing slope protection substrate provided by the invention preferably comprises 6.5-10 parts by mass of cement. When the mountain reinforced slope protection substrate is used as a slope protection surface layer, the using amount of the cement is 6.5 parts; when the mountain reinforced slope protection substrate is used as a slope protection surface layer, the using amount of the cement is 10 parts. In the invention, the pH value of the cement is preferably 7-8; the source of the cement is not particularly critical to the present invention and may be any source known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, when the mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate is used as a slope protection base layer, the mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate preferably includes the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 8-10 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matters and 1-5 parts of mountain slope protection matrix enhancer; when the mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate is used as a slope protection surface layer, the mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 6.5-7.5 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matters and 1-5 parts of mountain slope protection matrix enhancer.
The mountain body strengthening slope protection substrate provided by the invention preferably comprises 5 parts of organic matters in parts by mass; the organic matter is preferably green beer grains, vinegar residues or plant straw (rice hull, straw or rice straw) fermentation products; no special requirement is made on the fermentation mode. In the invention, the addition of the plant straw fermentation product can improve the microbial biomass in soil and the activity of microorganisms in soil, and also improve the enzyme activity in soil to a certain extent, so that a certain granular structure is formed, and the increase of organic carbon, all carbon, phosphorus and potassium, and quick-acting carbon, phosphorus and potassium in soil is caused.
The mountain reinforcing slope protection substrate provided by the invention adopts sandy loam with a specific composition, and is matched with cement, organic matters and the reinforcing agent with a reasonable dosage, and the mountain reinforcing slope protection substrate can be sprayed on the slope surface of a coastal mountain, so that a reinforcing slope protection substrate with certain strength can be formed. The matrix has certain mechanical strength after solidification, is not cracked, scoured and lost, is suitable for slope protection greening of various rock slopes, and can solve the problem of damage to the slope protection of coastal mountainous regions which cannot be solved by other methods.
The slope protection substrate provided by the invention is used for slope protection reinforcement of a mountain, and firstly, the reinforced slope protection substrate can prevent rainwater from intensively entering a slope body, so that collapse disasters of the slope body caused by rainwater entering can be prevented. Secondly, can also have the prevention effect to the rock accelerated weathering on coastal mountain area morals and manners domatic, can effectually prevent because of the domatic injury that accelerated weathering caused. Thirdly, the material is not lost and does not collapse. The strength of the slope protection substrate after solidification can reach 0.3 MPa, and the slope protection substrate can resist the scouring of rainstorm.
The invention also provides a method for reinforcing the mountain slope, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the basic-layer components of the mountain-reinforced slope protection matrix in the technical scheme with water to obtain basic-layer slurry; spraying the base layer slurry on the slope surface of the mountain side slope to be reinforced to obtain a reinforced slope protection base layer matrix;
mixing the surface layer components of the mountain reinforcing slope protection matrix in the technical scheme with water to obtain surface layer slurry; and spraying the surface layer slurry on the surface of the reinforced slope protection base layer matrix.
The strengthening method is suitable for strengthening the mountain slope of the coastal mountainous region.
In the present invention, the shotcreting is preferably performed by a concrete sprayer, and the base layer and the surface layer are separately performed. Spraying protection is carried out from top to bottom on the slope, the width of the spraying protection sheet is 4-6 m and the height is 3-5 m after the base layer and the surface layer are sprayed; the spray planting is carried out by using an air compressor with the volume larger than 12 cubic meters for air supply and adopting a dry-type guniting method for construction.
Mixing the basic-layer components of the mountain-reinforced slope protection matrix with water to obtain basic-layer slurry; and spraying the base layer slurry on the slope surface of the mountain slope to be reinforced to obtain the reinforced slope protection base layer matrix. The invention has no special requirement on the dosage of water so as to form the base layer component slurry; in the present invention, the relative amounts of the base layer component and water are preferably 0.4 to 0.5 in terms of water cement ratio (water content and cement). In the invention, the spraying thickness is preferably 8-9 cm; when the spraying is carried out, the included angle between the spray head and the vertical line of the slope surface is preferably less than or equal to 10 degrees, and is further preferably vertical to the slope surface; the vertical distance between the spray head and the slope surface is 0.6-1.0 m; and during spray planting, the output pressure is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the preferable pressure is 0.5-5 MPa. In the invention, the spray planting is preferably carried out from bottom to top, and the concave part is preferably sprayed and planted firstly; the moving route of the spray head in the spray planting process is preferably in an S shape and then in a spiral rising shape. Before the spraying, the invention preferably uses water to spray the slope surface so as to promote the spray ecological strengthening slope protection substrate to be tightly connected with the base surface.
Mixing the surface layer components of the mountain reinforcing slope protection matrix in the technical scheme with water to obtain surface layer slurry; and spraying the surface layer slurry on the surface of the reinforced slope protection base layer matrix. The invention has no special requirement on the dosage of water, can form mixed slurry and is convenient for slurry spraying. The surface layer spray planting is preferably carried out within 8 hours after the base layer spray planting is finished. In the invention, the spraying thickness is preferably 1-2 cm; when the spraying is carried out, the included angle between the spray head and the vertical line of the slope surface is preferably less than or equal to 10 degrees, and is further preferably vertical to the slope surface; the vertical distance between the spray head and the slope surface is 0.6-1.0 m, and the plant seeds are sprayed at the distance so as to be uniformly distributed; and during spray planting, the output pressure is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the preferable pressure is 0.5-6 MPa. In the invention, the spray planting is preferably carried out from bottom to top, and the concave part is preferably sprayed and planted firstly; the moving route of the spray head in the spray planting process is preferably in an S shape and then in a spiral rising shape. Before the spraying, the invention preferably uses water to spray the slope surface, and also promotes the adhesion of the sprayed ecological strengthening slope protection surface layer matrix and the base layer matrix.
Before the base layer slurry is sprayed, the invention preferably further comprises: and (3) carrying out slope finishing on the slope of the mountain to be reinforced, and laying and installing an ecological zinc-plated geonet and rivets on the slope after finishing.
In the embodiment of the invention, the concrete implementation manner of carrying out slope finishing on the mountain slope to be strengthened is as follows:
removing vegetation combination parts: cleaning a contact surface of the original side slope above an opening line of the slope surface, wherein the cleaning width is 1.0-1.5 m, underground rhizomes are unnecessarily dug based on the removal of plant branches on the original side slope, and the part is used as a transition part between engineering and the original slope surface, namely a vegetation combination part;
(II) broken surface finishing treatment: for the convex easy-to-fall part with dangerous rocks, the impact is carried out, a hole is drilled on the convex part along the slope surface by an electric hammer or an air pick, and then the impact is carried out by the hammer. And (3) filling the obviously recessed section, chiseling a rough surface at the position to be filled by using an air pick, wherein the depth of the rough surface is not smaller than 1cm, then washing the rough surface by using high-pressure air and water, and finally filling the rough surface by using M7.5 mortar.
The invention cleans all obstacles in the slope of the mountain to be strengthened which are harmful to the construction through slope trimming.
In the embodiment of the invention, the concrete implementation mode of laying and installing the ecological zinc-plated geonet and the rivets on the trimmed slope surface is as follows:
and drilling a hole perpendicular to the slope surface by adopting an electric hammer and driving an anchor. The anchoring nail is made of phi 10 or phi 12 deformed steel, the length of the anchoring nail is 30 cm-60 cm, and the distance between the anchoring nails is 1m x 1 m; the hole depth is 20 cm-50 cm, and the anchor rod is exposed by 10 cm. The top of the slope body is reinforced and stable, and can be encrypted and lengthened by 60 cm. The anchor bolts slightly incline upwards, and the anchor bolts are lengthened according to conditions at the severe rock weathering position of the slope body with the included angle of 95-100 degrees, so that the stability of the anchor bolts after being impacted into the slope body is the standard. After the ground anchors are arranged according to the designed ground anchor specification, the rock-entering depth and the distance perpendicular to the slope surface, a 14# galvanized crocheted wire mesh (5 x 5cm) is laid. The net sheets are laid from top to bottom from the top of the vegetation combination part, the reinforced net is laid to be tensioned, lapping of not less than 5cm is needed to be carried out between the nets, however, all the net sheets are firmly bound by 18# iron wires, and the 18# iron wires and the anchor nails are also firmly bound at the contact part of the anchor nails. The distance between the net sheet and the slope surface is kept at 7cm, otherwise, the net sheet is supported by the cushion block.
After the surface layer slurry is sprayed, the invention preferably further comprises: curing the reinforced matrix; the maintenance specifically comprises the following steps: covering a non-woven fabric on the surface of the strengthened substrate, and spraying water on the surface of the substrate every day; the curing time is 2 months. The method further comprises the following steps: covering the surface of the substrate with non-woven fabrics within two days after the spray planting construction is finished; on one hand, the soil moisture conservation and temperature control functions are achieved, the germination speed of the plant seeds is improved, on the other hand, the plant seeds are prevented from being blown away by wind and pecked by birds, and the germination rate and survival rate of the plant seeds are improved. Sprinkling water on the surface of the matrix every day, and uniformly sprinkling water for maintenance every day by installing a spraying (pouring) irrigation system; the spraying (pouring) irrigation system consists of a water storage tank (if an existing water tank, a water pond and a tap water supply pipeline exist, a new water storage tank can not be built), a main water supply pipeline, a water supply branch pipe, a rocker arm spray head, a water tap and a control valve. During the maintenance period, the germination rate and the germination uniformity of plant seeds are also required to be noticed, local irregular germination and non-germination slope surfaces are subjected to replanting, the survival rate of cultivated plants is monitored, and seedlings which do not survive are replaced or replanting in time.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10 parts of granulating agent (polypropylene granulating agent), 5 parts of municipal sludge, 4 parts of humectant (sodium polyacrylate super absorbent resin), 1 part of donkey manure, 5 parts of slow release fertilizer, 15 parts of fluorite and 10 parts of sacculus terrestris bacterial suspension (the concentration is 8 multiplied by 10)5cfu/mL), 5 parts of pine needle soil, 6 parts of perlite and 5 parts of plant ash.
Mixing the components to obtain the enhancer for later use.
Example 2
Preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5 parts of granulating agent (polypropylene granulating agent), 1 part of municipal sludge, 2 parts of humectant (sodium polyacrylate super absorbent resin), 4 parts of donkey manure, 3 parts of slow release fertilizer, 10 parts of fluorite and 10 parts of phanerochaete chrysosporium (the concentration is 8 multiplied by 10)5cfu/mL), 6 parts of pine needle soil, 10 parts of perlite and 6 parts of plant ash.
Mixing the components to obtain the enhancer for later use.
Example 3
Fortifiers were prepared as in example 2, except that the fungus used was Arundina spinosa.
Example 4
Preparing a base layer matrix raw material according to the following mass parts: 100 parts of sandy loam, 10 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matter and 5 parts of the reinforcing agent obtained in example 1.
Preparing a surface layer matrix raw material according to the following mass parts: 100 parts of sandy loam, 6.5 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matter and 5 parts of the reinforcing agent obtained in example 1.
Wherein the sand content in the sandy loam is 5 wt.%, the grain size is less than or equal to 8mm, and the water content is 20 wt.%.
The sandy loam contains plant seeds, and the content of the plant seeds is 14g/m in terms of the area of the slope surface to be strengthened2Robinia pseudoacacia seed, 15g/m2Ailanthus altissima seed, 14g/m2Torch tree seed, 12g/m2Oak seed, 7g/m2Seed of Magnolia Multiflora 3g/m2Leptospermum petiolatum seed, 12g/m2Amorpha fruticosa seed, 10g/m2Seed of pyracantha fortuneana, 5g/m2Alfalfa seeds, 4g/m2Trifolium repens seed, 5g/m2Seed of Chinese Japanese lawngrass 4g/m2Seed of Leptospermum petiolatum and 3g/m2。
Application example 1
Slope finishing is carried out on the side slope, and after ecological galvanized geonets and rivets are laid and installed, spray planting is carried out: the process is completed by a concrete sprayer, the base layer and the surface layer are respectively carried out, and the used reinforcer and the plant seeds are carried out according to the requirements in the embodiment 4. Spraying protection is carried out from top to bottom on the slope, the width of the spraying protection sheet is 4-6 m and the height is 3-5 m after the base layer and the surface layer are sprayed; the spray planting is carried out by using an air compressor with the volume larger than 12 cubic meters for air supply and adopting a dry-type guniting method for construction.
Ensuring the spray planting thickness to be within 8-9 cm; the vertical distance between the spray nozzle and the slope surface is controlled to be 0.6m, and the output pressure is 0.1 MPa. And before spraying, spraying on a slope by using water.
After 5 hours of spraying the base layer, spraying the surface layer, and controlling the spraying thickness within the range of 1-2 cm; the included angle between the spray head and the slope surface is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the vertical distance between the spray head and the slope surface is 0.6-1.0 m; the output pressure is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and before spraying, the slope is sprayed by water.
And covering the surface of the substrate with non-woven fabrics within two days after the surface layer spray planting construction is finished. And sprinkling water on the surface of the substrate every day. During the maintenance period, the germination rate and the germination uniformity of the plant seeds are also required to be noticed, and the slope with partial irregular germination and no germination is subjected to replanting.
Through the protection, the greening level is improved, and meanwhile, the slope is stable, and the water and soil loss phenomenon does not occur. Therefore, the slope protection substrate provided by the invention can be constructed by utilizing the existing domestic equipment, and the production process is simple; particularly, the application of the enhancer can improve the physicochemical property of the base material, build a matrix environment suitable for plant growth and achieve the double effects of slope protection and ecological restoration.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-10 parts of granulating agent, 0.5-5 parts of municipal sludge, 2-5 parts of humectant, 1-4 parts of donkey manure, 1-5 parts of slow release fertilizer, 5-15 parts of fluorite, 10-15 parts of fungus, 5-8 parts of pH regulator, 5-15 parts of perlite and 5-8 parts of plant ash.
2. The mountain slope protection matrix enhancer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the granulating agent is a polypropylene-based granulating agent;
the humectant is sodium polyacrylate super absorbent resin;
the pH regulator is pine needle soil;
the fungus is Arundinacea spinosa or Phanerochaete chrysosporium or ground sacculus mould; the fungus is provided in the form of a bacterial suspension, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 5-8 multiplied by 105cfu/mL。
3. A mountain reinforced slope protection matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 6.5 to 10 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matter and 1 to 5 parts of the mountain slope protection substrate enhancer of claim 1 or 2; the sandy loam contains plant seeds.
4. The mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate according to claim 3, wherein when the mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate is used as a slope protection base layer, the mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 8-10 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matters and 1-5 parts of mountain slope protection matrix enhancer;
when the mountain-reinforced slope protection matrix is used as a slope protection surface layer, the mountain-reinforced slope protection matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy loam, 6.5-7.5 parts of cement, 5 parts of organic matters and 1-5 parts of mountain slope protection matrix enhancer.
5. The mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the sandy loam contains sand particles with a particle size of not more than 5 wt.%, a particle size of not more than 8mm, and a water content of not more than 20 wt.%.
6. The mountain-reinforced slope-protecting substrate according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the plant seeds include tree seeds, shrub seeds and grass seeds;
the arbor seeds are locust seeds, ailanthus seeds, torch tree seeds and oak seeds;
the shrub seeds are magnolia multiflora bunge seeds, lespedeza virgata seeds, amorpha fruticosa seeds and pyracantha fortuneana seeds;
the plant seeds are alfalfa seeds, white clover seeds, Chinese zoysia japonica seeds, ophicalcitum seeds and multipyratia japonica seeds.
7. The mountain-reinforced slope protection substrate according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the organic matter is green beer lees, vinegar residues or plant straw fermentation products.
8. A method for strengthening a mountain slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the base layer component of the mountain body reinforced slope protection matrix according to any one of claims 3 to 7 with water to obtain base layer slurry; spraying the base layer slurry on the slope surface of the mountain side slope to be reinforced to obtain a reinforced slope protection base layer matrix;
mixing the surface layer component of the mountain body reinforced slope protection substrate according to any one of claims 3 to 7 with water to obtain surface layer slurry; and spraying the surface layer slurry on the surface of the reinforced slope protection base layer matrix.
9. The strengthening method according to claim 8, wherein during the spray planting, the included angle between the spray head and the vertical line of the slope surface is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the vertical distance between the spray head and the slope surface is 0.6-1.0 m; and during spray planting, the output pressure is more than or equal to 0.1 MPa.
10. The method of strengthening according to claim 8, wherein prior to planting the base layer slurry, further comprising: carrying out slope finishing on the slope of the mountain to be reinforced, and laying and installing an ecological zinc-plated geonet and rivets on the finished slope;
after the surface layer slurry is sprayed, the method also comprises the following steps: curing the reinforced matrix; the maintenance specifically comprises the following steps: covering a non-woven fabric on the surface of the strengthened substrate, and spraying water on the surface of the substrate every day; the curing time is 2 months.
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| CN202011485514.2A CN112753530A (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, mountain slope protection matrix and mountain slope enhancement method |
| PCT/CN2020/140849 WO2022126755A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-29 | Mountain slope protection substrate reinforcing agent, mountain reinforced slope protection substrate, and method for reinforcing mountain slope |
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| CN202011485514.2A CN112753530A (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, mountain slope protection matrix and mountain slope enhancement method |
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