CN111729915A - Method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste - Google Patents
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- CN111729915A CN111729915A CN202010521235.0A CN202010521235A CN111729915A CN 111729915 A CN111729915 A CN 111729915A CN 202010521235 A CN202010521235 A CN 202010521235A CN 111729915 A CN111729915 A CN 111729915A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the urban and landscaping industry, and particularly discloses a method for preparing humus by using kitchen waste, which comprises the steps of sorting, compressing, shearing, crushing the kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry solid waste into 5-10mm materials, mixing the materials with excess sludge, dehydrating, inoculating a high-efficiency microbial agent, and fermenting and decomposing at high temperature to obtain the humus, wherein the mass percentage of the kitchen waste is 60-70%, the mass percentage of the agricultural and forestry solid waste is 10-25%, and the balance is the excess sludge. The kitchen waste, the agriculture and forestry solid waste and the excess sludge are all wastes with large quantity, and the organic humus soil produced by using the kitchen waste, the agriculture and forestry solid waste and the excess sludge as raw materials can be used for soil improvement, urban and garden greening, so that the environmental pollution of the wastes can be reduced, and the wastes can be turned into wealth. The humic soil-like organic matter after fermentation is finished has loose texture and high nutrient content, and the indexes of the organic matter and the like reach the standard of greening planting soil (CJ/T340-2016), so that the humic soil-like organic matter can be used for urban and garden greening.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the urban and landscaping industry, and particularly discloses a method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste.
Background
The kitchen waste, the agriculture and forestry solid waste and the excess sludge are main components of municipal solid waste, and how to treat the kitchen waste, the agriculture and forestry solid waste and the excess sludge becomes a research hotspot at home and abroad. With the development of economy in China, a large amount of domestic garbage is generated in daily diet and consumption activities of people. The increase of population and the continuous growth of cities lead the quantity of urban domestic garbage generated every year to be incredible, the proportion of the kitchen garbage as a part of the urban domestic garbage is increased year by year, in super-large cities such as Beijing, the proportion of the kitchen garbage is up to more than 60 percent, and the daily yield of the kitchen garbage in the large cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and the like is up to 1100-1500t and is in an increasing trend. The yield of the straw garbage in the farmland is about 9 hundred million tons every year. The continuous extension of sewage treatment plants in China and the improvement of sewage treatment capacity, the sludge yield is also continuously increased, and the sludge yield is estimated to break through 6000 million (calculated by water content of 80%) in 2020.
Due to the characteristics of high water content, many organic components, easy decay, low heat value and the like, if the kitchen waste is not properly treated and utilized for landfill, a large amount of storage capacity of a landfill site is occupied, and secondary pollution such as leachate, stink and the like is generated. The agricultural and forestry solid waste is an important biomass resource, is easy to decay, and can affect the environmental sanitation if not effectively treated. The residual sludge contains toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals, pathogenic bacteria and the like, and the toxic and harmful substances must be subjected to harmless and stable treatment and disposal.
At present, the main treatment modes of kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry solid waste are burning, landfill and composting to prepare feed and fertilizer. The residual sludge treatment method mainly comprises the modes of landfill, incineration and the like. The urban garbage can not be recycled by burning and landfill, which is a great waste of the urban garbage and brings heavy burden to local finance. The prior art for respectively treating the kitchen waste, the agricultural and forestry solid waste and the excess sludge has no unified treatment mode, and a unified resource treatment mode is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste, which changes a large amount of existing kitchen waste, agricultural and forestry solid waste and excess sludge into reusable landscaping soil and the like through high-temperature fermentation treatment, and realizes the recycling, reduction and harmless treatment of the waste and the environmental protection.
The scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste comprises the steps of sorting, compressing, shearing, crushing the kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry solid waste into 5-10mm materials, mixing the materials with excess sludge, dehydrating, inoculating a high-efficiency microbial agent, and fermenting and decomposing at high temperature, wherein the kitchen waste accounts for 60-70% by mass, the agricultural and forestry solid waste accounts for 10-25% by mass, and the balance is the excess sludge.
Preferably, the kitchen waste refers to food residues and food and beverage processing wastes; the excess sludge refers to sludge produced in a sewage treatment process of a sewage treatment plant; the agricultural and forestry solid waste refers to straws, shrub branches, withered leaves and wood chips generated in the process of harvesting and processing agricultural and forestry crops.
Preferably, the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry solid waste are sorted to sort out plastic, metal and glass impurities.
Specifically, the kitchen waste and the agriculture and forestry solid waste are quickly sorted by adopting image recognition to recognize the state of the waste on line, and simultaneously, the kitchen waste and the agriculture and forestry solid waste are quickly sorted by combining a robot to quickly sort the impurities such as plastics, metals and glass in the waste, so that the components such as organic matters in the waste are reserved.
Preferably, the dehydration is to extrude and dehydrate the crushed materials, and the water content of the dehydrated materials is 50-60%.
Specifically, the water content of the kitchen waste is 80% -90%, and the water content of the residual sludge is 90% -95%.
Preferably, the high-efficiency microbial agent comprises Aspergillus fungus, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, and the effective active bacteria content is 1 × 109CFU/g-5×109CFU/g; the dosage is 10-50kg of microbial inoculum added in every 1000kg of materials.
Preferably, the high-temperature fermentation is carried out at the temperature of 50-65 ℃ for 5-8 days, and the humus soil is obtained after the decomposition.
Specifically, the high-temperature fermentation is a process of microbial fermentation under the action of a high-efficiency microbial agent after the kitchen waste, the agricultural and forestry solid waste and the excess sludge which are subjected to rapid sorting, compression-shearing-crushing are mixed and dehydrated according to the proportion; the kitchen waste contains a large amount of organic matters and trace elements which are easy to be utilized by microorganisms; the agricultural and forestry solid wastes contain a large amount of cellulose, and the fibrous substances have special framework structures and are easy to degrade into micromolecular substances utilized by microorganisms, so that the preparation of loose humus is facilitated. The residual sludge has small particle size and contains a certain amount of organic matters and heavy metals, so that a good living environment can be provided for microorganisms, and the quality of the prepared humus soil can be improved. Fermenting at 50-65 deg.C for 5-8 days to obtain organic humus soil.
By controlling the water content, oxygen content and the like of fermentation, the survival rate of microorganisms and the fermentation efficiency of the microorganisms can be effectively improved, and the fermentation time is shortened; oxygen is continuously supplemented in the fermentation process, so that the duration and degree of aerobic microbial fermentation reaction can be improved, the microbes can thoroughly decompose garbage, the content of organic matters in humus soil can be effectively reduced, and the obtained humus soil is light and loose and has good water and air permeability.
The fermentation temperature is controlled, the high-temperature fermentation is kept, the microbial activity is ensured, meanwhile, the effects of killing worm eggs, weed seeds and the like are achieved, and the harm of diseases, insects and weeds is reduced. The temperature in the middle stage before fermentation is continuously increased, and worm eggs, weed seeds and the like can be killed. And cooling after the temperature exceeds 65 ℃, so that a large amount of microbial zymophyte is prevented from being killed, continuous fermentation at the later stage of fermentation is ensured, and worm eggs, weed seeds and the like in the finally obtained humus are killed.
The invention discloses a method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) placing kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry solid waste into a 120L/240L standard garbage can, lifting and weighing the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry solid waste through a lifting device, pouring the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry solid waste into a sorting device, carrying out online identification on the state of the kitchen waste through image identification, and simultaneously combining a robot to quickly sort impurities such as plastics, metals, glass and the like in the kitchen waste; the sorting platform is provided with a sieve plate and a chain plate, the aperture of the sieve plate is 2mm, the sieve plate has a water filtering function, and filtrate is discharged into a liquid storage tank;
(2) iron materials and glass are sold after harmless treatment, and light materials are compressed and packaged for other utilization;
(3) conveying the sorted kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry solid waste to a compression-shearing-crushing device by a chain plate, and crushing the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry solid waste into materials with the particle size of 5-10mm according to different components and particle sizes of the waste;
(4) mixing the crushed kitchen waste, the agricultural and forestry solid waste and the residual sludge according to the proportion, conveying the mixture to a dewatering device through a chain plate, discharging liquid into a liquid storage tank after the water content of the dewatered material is 50-60%, and feeding the liquid into an urban sewage pipe or serving as aerobic fermentation water replenishing of a fermentation bin after the water quality reaches a sewage discharge standard;
(5) mixing the dehydrated solid with a high-efficiency microbial agent and then feeding the mixture into a fermentation bin; performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation in a fermentation bin, and fully decomposing organic matters into organic matters; the fermentation chamber is distributed with water circulation heating pipes, the heat source is electric heating, and the water source is treated by a dehydration device; in the fermentation process, a fan is used for supplying oxygen under negative pressure, so that sufficient oxygen is supplied for aerobic fermentation; the stirring frequency of the fermentation bin is adjustable and set at 4-8r/min, the feeding and the microbial inoculum can be uniformly mixed by stirring, the heating is uniform, and the fermentation efficiency is improved; the water content of fermentation needs to be adjusted to 50-60%, so water needs to be supplemented, and the water source for supplementing is liquid in the liquid storage tank; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 50-65 ℃, the fermentation time is 5-8 days, most of putrescible organic matters are decomposed into brown humus organic matters with good stability;
(6) the high-temperature aerobic fermentation process is completed under the monitoring of a computer, so that all organic matters are thoroughly decomposed, a fermentation bin is provided with waste gas treatment equipment, and the treated waste gas reaches the standard and is discharged;
(7) and (4) quantitatively filling the finished humus soil into woven bags, weighing, packaging, sealing and then conveying into a warehouse. The humic soil-like organic matter after fermentation is finished has loose texture and high nutrient content, and the indexes of the organic matter and the like reach the standard of greening planting soil (CJ/T340-2016), so that the humic soil-like organic matter can be used for urban and garden greening.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the kitchen waste, the agriculture and forestry solid waste and the excess sludge are all wastes with large quantity, and the organic humus soil produced by using the kitchen waste, the agriculture and forestry solid waste and the excess sludge as raw materials can be used for soil improvement, urban and garden greening, so that the environmental pollution of the wastes can be reduced, and the wastes can be turned into wealth.
2. The humic soil-like organic matter after fermentation is finished has loose texture and high nutrient content, and the indexes of the organic matter and the like reach the standard of greening planting soil (CJ/T340-2016), so that the humic soil-like organic matter can be used for urban and garden greening.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention for better understanding, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
a method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste comprises the following steps of: the total mass of 60 percent of kitchen waste, 20 percent of agriculture and forestry solid waste and 20 percent of residual sludge is 1 ton. Putting 60% kitchen waste and 20% agriculture and forestry solid waste into a 240L standard garbage can, pouring the kitchen waste and 20% agriculture and forestry solid waste into a sorting device through lifting and weighing, and quickly sorting plastic bags, iron blocks, glass and the likeSorting out impurities, conveying the sorted materials to a compression-shearing-crushing device by a chain plate, crushing the materials into materials with the particle size of 5mm according to the components and the particle size of garbage, mixing the crushed materials with 20 percent of residual sludge, conveying the mixture to a dewatering device by the chain plate, discharging liquid into a liquid storage tank, introducing the liquid into a municipal sewage pipe or serving as a fermentation bin for aerobic fermentation and water supplement after the water quality reaches a sewage discharge standard, mixing the dewatered mixture with a high-efficiency microbial inoculum, inoculating the high-efficiency microbial inoculum, wherein the effective active bacteria content of aspergillus fungi, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus in the microbial inoculum is 1 × 109CFU/g, the inoculation bacterial dose is 10 kg; the stirring frequency of the fermentation bin is 4r/min, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at 50 ℃; in the fermentation process, a fan is used for supplying oxygen under negative pressure, so that sufficient oxygen is supplied for aerobic fermentation; fermenting for 3 days, and supplementing 10% of water; the materials are changed into dark brown granular solid materials after being fermented for 7 days at high temperature, and no peculiar smell exists; quantitatively packaging the decomposed finished product into woven bags, weighing, packaging, sealing and then delivering into a warehouse. The decomposed finished product has loose texture and high nutrient content, and the indexes of organic matters and the like reach the standard of green planting soil (CJ/T340-.
TABLE 1 example 1 humus physical and chemical indexes obtained
Example 2:
a method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste comprises the following steps of: the total mass of 70 percent of kitchen waste, 10 percent of agriculture and forestry solid waste and 20 percent of residual sludge is 5 tons. Putting 70% of kitchen waste and 10% of agriculture and forestry solid waste into a 240L standard garbage can, lifting, weighing, pouring into a sorting device, quickly sorting out impurities such as plastic bags, iron blocks, glass and the like, conveying the sorted materials to a compression-shearing-crushing device through a chain plate, and crushing the materials into materials with the particle size of 8mm according to the components and the particle size of the waste; mixing the crushed material with 20% of excess sludge, conveying the mixture to a dewatering device through a chain plate, wherein the water content of the dewatered mixture is 60%, and the liquid isDischarging into a liquid storage tank, introducing into urban sewage pipe or as aerobic fermentation water supplement in a fermentation bin after water quality reaches sewage discharge standard, mixing the dewatered mixture with high-efficiency microbial inoculum, introducing into the fermentation bin, inoculating with the high-efficiency microbial inoculum containing Aspergillus fungus, yeast, lactobacillus, and Bacillus with effective active bacteria content of 5 × 109CFU/g, the amount of inoculated microbial inoculum is 100 kg; the stirring frequency of the fermentation bin is 8r/min, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at 65 ℃; in the fermentation process, a fan is used for supplying oxygen under negative pressure, so that sufficient oxygen is supplied for aerobic fermentation; fermenting for 3 days, and supplementing water for 5%; the materials are changed into dark brown granular solid materials after being fermented for 8 days at high temperature, and no peculiar smell exists; quantitatively packaging the decomposed finished product into woven bags, weighing, packaging, sealing and then delivering into a warehouse. The decomposed finished product has loose texture and high nutrient content, and the indexes of organic matters and the like reach the standard of green planting soil (CJ/T340-.
Table 2 example 2 humus physical and chemical indexes
Example 3:
a method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste comprises the following steps of: the total mass of 65% of kitchen waste, 25% of agricultural and forestry solid waste and 10% of residual sludge is 3 tons. Putting 65% of kitchen waste and 25% of agriculture and forestry solid waste into a 240L standard garbage can, lifting, weighing, pouring into a sorting device, quickly sorting out impurities such as plastic bags, iron blocks, glass and the like, conveying the sorted materials to a compression-shearing-crushing device through a chain plate, and crushing the materials into materials with the particle size of 8mm according to the components and the particle size of the waste; mixing the crushed materials with 10% of excess sludge, conveying the mixture to a dewatering device through a chain plate, discharging the mixture with water content of 50% after dewatering into a liquid storage tank, and feeding the mixture into a municipal sewage pipe or serving as aerobic fermentation water supplement of a fermentation bin after the water quality reaches a sewage discharge standard; mixing the dehydrated mixture with high-efficiency microbial agent, feeding into a fermentation bin, inoculating with high-efficiency microbial agent containing Aspergillus fungus, yeast, lactobacillus, and budBacillus with effective active bacteria content of 3 × 109CFU/g, the inoculation bacterial dose is 80 kg; the stirring frequency of the fermentation bin is 8r/min, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at 60 ℃; in the fermentation process, a fan is used for supplying oxygen under negative pressure, so that sufficient oxygen is supplied for aerobic fermentation; fermenting for 3 days, and supplementing water for 5%; the materials are changed into dark brown granular solid materials after being fermented for 8 days at high temperature, and no peculiar smell exists; quantitatively packaging the decomposed finished product into woven bags, weighing, packaging, sealing and then delivering into a warehouse. The decomposed finished product has loose texture and high nutrient content, and the indexes of organic matters and the like reach the standard of green planting soil (CJ/T340-.
Table 3 example 3 humus physical and chemical indexes
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the kitchen waste and the agriculture and forestry solid waste are sorted, compressed, sheared and crushed into materials with the thickness of 5-10mm, the materials are mixed with excess sludge and then dehydrated, then high-efficiency microbial agents are inoculated, and the materials are fermented and decomposed at high temperature to form the kitchen waste-agriculture and forestry solid waste-forestry solid waste treatment device, wherein the kitchen.
2. The method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the kitchen waste refers to food residues and food and beverage processing waste; the excess sludge refers to sludge produced in a sewage treatment process of a sewage treatment plant; the agricultural and forestry solid waste refers to straws, shrub branches, withered leaves and wood chips generated in the process of harvesting and processing agricultural and forestry crops.
3. The method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sorting of the kitchen waste and the agriculture and forestry solid waste is to sort out plastic, metal and glass impurities.
4. The method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the dehydration is to extrude and dehydrate the crushed materials, and the water content of the dehydrated materials is 50-60%.
5. The method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the high-efficiency microbial agent comprises Aspergillus fungus, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, and the content of effective active bacteria is 1 × 109CFU/g-5×109CFU/g; the dosage is 10-50kg of microbial inoculum added in every 1000kg of materials.
6. The method for preparing humus soil from kitchen waste, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the high-temperature fermentation is carried out at the temperature of 50-65 ℃ for 5-8 days, and the humus soil is obtained after decomposition.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114671715A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-06-28 | 浙江千源环保科技有限公司 | Method for preparing regenerated nutrient soil by adopting urban organic wastes and agricultural and forestry wastes |
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| CN105859339A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 王云飞 | Flora for recycling treatment of organic wastes and application of flora |
| CN106673736A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳市中兰环保科技股份有限公司 | Microbial decomposing agent and humus prepared thereby |
| CN109160860A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-08 | 杭州银江环保科技有限公司 | Cities and towns kitchen garbage, agriculture and forestry organic waste material and riverway sludge and municipal sludge federated resourceization utilize method |
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| CN114671715A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-06-28 | 浙江千源环保科技有限公司 | Method for preparing regenerated nutrient soil by adopting urban organic wastes and agricultural and forestry wastes |
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