CN102746043A - Method for preparing seedling medium by using greening plant waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing seedling medium by using greening plant waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN102746043A CN102746043A CN2012102041488A CN201210204148A CN102746043A CN 102746043 A CN102746043 A CN 102746043A CN 2012102041488 A CN2012102041488 A CN 2012102041488A CN 201210204148 A CN201210204148 A CN 201210204148A CN 102746043 A CN102746043 A CN 102746043A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
A method for preparing seedling medium by using greening plant waste relates to a preparation method for seedling medium. The method comprises the steps of: first, crushing plant waste to particles of smaller than 1 cm; then adding urea and a microbe strain and mixing uniformly, and then piling the obtained mixture to be piles with a height of 0.60m-1.5m, and volume of no less than 2 cubic meters; compost maturing the mixture for over 40 days, followed by a standing maturity period for 20 days, to obtain a compost product; and adding perlite and/or humic acid, and/or vermiculite to regulate physical and chemical properties and nutrient of the product, which enabling the product to meet corresponding quality requirements of seedling substrate products. The method makes use of the greening plant waste on the spot, and reduces municipal waste discharge. The method uses plant waste to replace conventional seedling media-peat or turf, so the ecological damage to the mining areas of the peat or the turf is reduced and the limited peat and turf resources are preserved, and has good economical benefits.
Description
Technical field
Prepare the method for seedling medium with the green plants waste, relate to a kind of development technology of seedling medium.Belong to urban landscaping, appearance of the city environmental protection, municipal administration and agricultural technology field.
Background technology
The peat or the peat composed of rotten mosses are called for short mud (grass) charcoal, be that material is used in the most frequently used growing seedlings in gardening, greening and the forestry, but the formation of mud (grass) charcoal will be passed through the thousands of years, and it is a kind of non-renewable natural resources.China's mud (grass) charcoal reserves are limited, and because former overexploitation, China's mud (grass) charcoal resource is in short supply day by day, and quality seriously descends, also havoc the environmental quality on exploitation ground.For protecting limited mud (grass) charcoal resource, some developed countries take the mode of mud (grass) charcoal import to satisfy domestic needs like Japan, the U.S., and national mud (grass) charcoal resource is then taked conservation policy.China also takes in many areas the mode of import mud (grass) charcoal to grow seedlings, but with regard to the whole world, develops a kind of ability and substitutes the novel material that mud (grass) charcoal product carries out cultivation seedling-cultivating and seem very necessary and urgent.
Vegetable matters such as the discarded showy flowers of herbaceous plants and weeds in shrub lop (intermediate cutting thing), turf-mown thing, fallen leaves, branch, garden and the flower bed that the green plants waste refers to produced in green plants nature in urban green space or the forest land, suburb or the maintenance processes.The green plants waste has caused everybody attention to the improvement effect of soil, but mainly is to utilize with compost or covering.In fact; The starting material of green plants waste and mud (grass) charcoal all are vegetable matters, and only mud (grass) charcoal is that various plant materialss convert the carbon of storing in the plant materials to soil ulmin through the rotten of thousands of years, and why mud (grass) charcoal can become the most frequently used material of growing seedlings; Be exactly because its content of organic matter than higher; And loose, preserve moisture and fertility is the material of growing seedlings the most frequently used on the gardening.If we can adopting process improved procedure; Improve green plants castoff compost quality; Make it various in a short time performances and more can replace mud (grass) charcoal like this and grow seedlings, alleviate the exhausted day by day crisis of current mud (grass) charcoal throughout the year near mud (grass) charcoal that becomes thoroughly decomposed naturally; And promoted the green plants waste and make quality product, growing seedlings for greening increases new technology and product.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of is the method for main development seedling medium with the green plants waste; With method of the present invention organic waste is turned waste into wealth; Improve the utilization ratio of organic waste in greening; And alternative mud (grass) charcoal grows seedlings, and reduces exploitation and destruction to limited nature resource-mud (grass) charcoal.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, it is big to the present invention is directed to mud (grass) charcoal demand, but the limited contradiction of storage capacity; Through improvement to green plants castoff compost technology; Improve green plants castoff compost quality product, especially wherein the ratio of humus content makes product performance more approach mud (grass) charcoal that nature forms; Substitute mud (grass) charcoal and grow seedlings, satisfy different industries and especially afforest industry the demand of producing of growing seedlings in a large number every year mud (grass) charcoal.
Concrete steps are following:
The first step, the pre-treatment of green plants waste
Select for use blade content prune greater than the shrub that is produced in green plants nature or the maintenance processes in the urban green space of 50% (weight percent) or the forest land, suburb or intermediate cutting thing, fallen leaves, branch, turf-mown thing, garden and flower bed in vegetable matters such as the discarded showy flowers of herbaceous plants and weeds; It is crushed to particle diameter less than 1cm, the green plants waste that obtains pulverizing.
In second step, prepare composting production with the green plants waste
In the green plants waste of pulverizing, add commercially available urea respectively earlier; The microbial fermentation bacterial classification; Stacking after mixing highly is 0.6 ~ 1.5m, and volume is no less than 2 cubic metres heap body, handles through the compost maturity more than 40 days or 40 days and 20 days leave standstill the phase of becoming thoroughly decomposed again; Obtain composting production, the quality of this composting production is similar or approaching with rotten throughout the year peat or the careless carbon that forms of plant;
Above-mentioned compost maturity handle be turning every day once, perhaps when heap temperature is 55 ℃～65 ℃ turning in 3 days once, when heap temperature turning immediately during above 70 ℃; When heap temperature 55 ℃ the time turning in 7 days once,
The add-on of above-mentioned urea is to add 1 kilogram ~ 2 kilograms urea in the green plants waste of every cubic metre of pulverizing,
The mentioned microorganism fermented bacterium is the enzymatic microorganism that Weifang, Shandong very agricultural enzymatic microorganism ltd produces, and its add-on is that the green plants waste of every cubic metre of pulverizing adds 1 kilogram ~ 1.5 kilograms;
The 3rd step, the preparation of seedling medium
The composting production that earlier second step was made is crossed the sieve of 5mm, stays screen underflow, crosses the sieve of 5mm after screen overflow is pulverized once more, merges screen underflow then, obtains particle diameter<the screen underflow of 5mm; Screen underflow is detected; Be chosen in and add the humic acids that can reduce pH and increase nutrient in the screen underflow by detecting data, and/>or rise loose and reduce the perlite and the vermiculite of salinity, the add-on of humic acids is the 0-50% mass percent of screen underflow weight; Perlite and vermiculite add-on are the 0-40% mass percent of screen underflow weight, the pH that makes this screen underflow between 5.0 ~ 7.8, EC≤0.65mS/cm, dry density<0.5Mg/>m<sup >3</sup>, wet density<0.8Mgm<sup >3</sup>, air permeability>=20%, water cut<35%, germination index greater than 90%, foreign material (particle diameter<2mm)<1%, index such as total nutrient, organic matter meets national forestry standard " greening use organic substrate " /> and (LYT1970-2011) to the requirement of seedling medium, this seedling medium directly is used to grow seedlings.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are:
1. because the present invention adds urea, moisture, microbial fermentation bacterial classification during to green plants castoff compost technology; And the ventilation of turning moisturizing regularly; Therefore through thermophilic fermentation with after become thoroughly decomposed the stage; The composting production that can obtain at short notice can be close with mud (grass) the charcoal performance of wanting thousands of years to form, can substitute mud (grass) charcoal and grow seedlings.
2. because the present invention adds the humic acids that can reduce pH and increase nutrient in the screen underflow that the composting production screening obtains; Play perlite and vermiculite loose and the reduction salinity; And adjust concrete metering according to measuring the result; Therefore, guarantee that the seedling medium of processing meets " organic substrate is used in greening " specification of quality about seedling medium fully.
3. seedling medium of the present invention is used to cultivate flowers seedlings such as red sage, youth-and-old-age, all shows reasonable growth result, and root of hair is obvious, and blade increases, and cultivating seedling after one week with this seedling medium, just can reach the effect of emerging.
4. the present invention has expanded the breadth and depth that the green plants waste uses, and has satisfied the demand of market to seedling medium, has protected limited mud (grass) charcoal natural resources, has valuable society and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Select the many green plants wastes of fresh blade, and it is crushed to particle diameter less than 1cm.According to what of fresh blade in the green plants waste, confirm to add the amount of urea.When general fresh blade content was 70 ~ 80% weight percents, the crushed material of every cubical green plants waste added 1 kilogram of left and right sides urea; When being 50 ~ 60% weight percents as if fresh blade content is less, the green plants waste of every cube of pulverizing adds 2 kilograms of left and right sides urea.And can add the microbial fermentation bacterial classification (enzymatic microorganism that the very agricultural enzymatic microorganism in Weifang, Shandong ltd produces) about 1 kilogram in the green plants of every cube of pulverizing respectively; So that obtain better compost effect at short notice, make compost quality more near rotten throughout the year mud (grass) carbon that forms of plant.Stack height after mixing between 0.6 ~ 1.5m, volume is no less than 2 cubic metres heap body.But turning every day once in the whole composting process; Or in the turning of 3 days pliotherm periods (55 ℃～65 ℃) once, at cooldown period (< 55 ℃): answer turning in 7 days once; But turning in time when heap temperature surpasses 70 ℃.At least become thoroughly decomposed through after the leaving standstill of 40 days compost maturities and 20 days.
According to the particle diameter requirement of national forestry standard " organic substrate is used in greening " to seedling medium; At first guarantee all sieves of mistake 5mm of product; There was not the screen overflow of 5mm sieve to re-use behind the crushing screening once more; Or got back to for the 2nd step as the green plants waste of the pulverizing of the first step and carry out compost again by its natural degradation, make it particle diameter and reach corresponding requirement.Standard is according to the rules measured the different physico-chemical properties of screen underflow then, and method is respectively: the pH value is measured with the forestry industry standard LY/T1239-1999 of the People's Republic of China method; Specific conductivity is measured with the LY/T1251-1999 method; Organic matter is measured with the forestry industry standard LY/T1237-1999 of the People's Republic of China method; Unit weight and aeration porosity are measured with the forestry industry standard LY/T1215-1999 of the People's Republic of China method, and germination index is measured referring to standard GB 23486.
Detection finds that wherein EC is higher a bit, adds commercially available perlite, and add-on is about 40% of a screen underflow weight, makes EC be reduced to 0.60mS/cm.Other detects index and shows that this product does not have obvious foreign material (particle diameter<2mm), pH=7.8, water cut=31%, dry density=0.24Mg/>m
3, wet density=0.78Mg/m
3, air permeability=27%, germination index=107%, meet fully national forestry standard " greening use organic substrate " /> (LY/T1970-2011) in about the technical requirement of seedling medium, i.e. 98% material (mass ratio)<5mm, foreign material (particle diameter<2mm)<1%, pH between 5.0 ~ 7.8, between EC≤0.65mS/>cm, water cut<35%, dry density<0.5Mgm
3, wet density<0.8Mgm
3, air permeability>=20%, germination index is greater than 90%.
This seedling medium is used to cultivate flowers seedlings such as red sage, youth-and-old-age, all shows reasonable growth result, root of hair is obvious, and blade increases, and is cultivating above-mentioned seedling with this seedling medium after one week, just can reach the effect of emerging.
Claims (1)
1. prepare the method for seedling medium with the green plants waste, it is characterized in that:
The first step, the pre-treatment of green plants waste
Select the green plants waste of blade content for use greater than 50% weight percent; It is crushed to particle diameter less than 1cm, and described green plants waste is vegetable matters such as the discarded showy flowers of herbaceous plants and weeds in shrub is pruned or intermediate cutting obtains fallen leaves, branch, turf-mown thing, garden and the flower bed that is produced in green plants nature or the maintenance processes in urban green space or the forest land, suburb;
In second step, prepare composting production with the green plants waste
In the green plants waste of pulverizing, add commercially available urea respectively earlier; The microbial fermentation bacterial classification; Mix, stacking then highly is 0.6 ~ 1.5m, and volume is no less than 2 cubic metres heap body; Handle through the compost maturity more than 40 days or 40 days again and 20 days leave standstill the phase of becoming thoroughly decomposed, obtain composting production;
Above-mentioned compost maturity handle be turning every day once, perhaps when heap temperature is 55 ℃～65 ℃ turning in 3 days once, < turning in 7 days is once 55 ℃ the time when heap temperature; Turning immediately when heap temperature surpasses 70 ℃;
Above-mentioned urea is the agrochemical urea of conventional supply on the market, and its add-on is to add 1 kilogram ~ 2 kilograms urea in the green plants waste of every cubic metre of pulverizing;
The mentioned microorganism fermented bacterium is the enzymatic microorganism that Weifang, Shandong very agricultural enzymatic microorganism ltd produces, and its add-on is to add 1 kilogram ~ 1.5 kilograms in the green plants waste of every cubic metre of pulverizing;
The 3rd step, the preparation of seedling medium
Earlier second step is made the sieve that composting production is crossed 5mm, stay screen underflow, cross the sieve of 5mm after screen overflow is pulverized once more; Merge screen underflow then, in screen underflow, add humic acids and/or perlite again; And/or vermiculite, mix, obtain seedling medium; Through measuring the pH=5.0 in the seedling medium ~ 7.8, EC≤0.65mS/cm, dry density<0.5Mg/>m
3, wet density<0.8Mgm
3, air permeability>=20%, water cut<35%, germination index greater than 90%, foreign material<1%, index such as total nutrient, organic matter meets all that the requirement about seedling medium gets final product among national forestry standard " greening the use organic substrate " /> LYT1970-2011;
Above-mentioned humic acid is commercially available brown coal, its pH=4.5 ~ 6.5, and organic content is greater than 20%, and the add-on of humic acid is the 0-5% of screen underflow weight;
Above-mentioned perlite is commercially available commodity, and its add-on is the 0-40% of screen underflow weight;
Above-mentioned vermiculite is commercially available commodity, and it goes into the 0-40% that amount is a screen underflow weight.
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| CN102617196A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-08-01 | 北京工商大学 | Method for quick composting of grass scraps |
| CN103069946A (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-05-01 | 熊汉夫 | Method for planting bamboo willow in saline-alkali wetland of hilly area by using landfilled and stacked old waste |
| CN103420730A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-04 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Hole-tray vegetable cultivation substrate |
| CN103936488A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-23 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Forest logging residue seedling growing substrate suitable for fast-growing wood seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN104609961A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-13 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Method for producing horticultural substrate through amorpha fruticose branches |
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| CN105272427A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-01-27 | 天津创世生态景观建设股份有限公司 | Greening waste compost additive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111955313B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-06-03 | 南宁市绿化工程管理中心(南宁市园林科研所) | Hibiscus syriacus cuttage substrate and hibiscus syriacus cuttage method under high-temperature condition |
| CN114766318A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-22 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | Method for preparing 'four-way' seedling planting soil and application |
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