CN111955313A

CN111955313A - Hibiscus syriacus cuttage substrate and hibiscus syriacus cuttage method under high-temperature condition

Info

Publication number: CN111955313A
Application number: CN202010860834.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄丽丹; 黄旭光; 罗恩波; 杨思霞; 秦玲; 钟琼琼; 廖堂贵; 黄玲璞; 姜立甫; 陆炎松; 霍行; 苏友赛
Original assignee: Nanning Greening Project Management Center Nanning Landscape Research Institute
Current assignee: Nanning Greening Project Management Center Nanning Landscape Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-08-25
Filing date: 2020-08-25
Publication date: 2020-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-25
Also published as: CN111955313B

Abstract

The invention discloses a hibiscus syriacus cutting medium and a hibiscus syriacus cutting method under a high-temperature condition. The cuttage medium is prepared by uniformly mixing 10-60 parts of urban landscaping waste compost, 0-50 parts of peat and 40-50 parts of perlite according to a volume ratio. On one hand, urban greening waste compost decomposed by the composite fermentation inoculant is added into a substrate, a plurality of functional probiotic groups are introduced into a cuttage substrate, and the symbiotic synergy or synergistic effect among a plurality of microorganisms in the microbial groups is utilized to compete for nutrition and various survival conditions with pathogenic bacteria remained in soil, so that soil-borne diseases are competitively inhibited; meanwhile, the antagonistic action among microorganisms is utilized to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria causing root rot, reduce the rot of the cutting slips and increase the survival of the cutting slips; on the other hand, the characteristics of water retention and fertility of urban landscaping waste compost are utilized, the growth of plant roots can still be promoted under the high-temperature condition, the survival and later growth of cutting seedlings are ensured, and the cultivation time and period of the cutting seedlings are reduced.

Description

Hibiscus syriacus cuttage substrate and hibiscus syriacus cuttage method under high-temperature condition

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant breeding and planting, in particular to a hibiscus syriacus cuttage substrate and a hibiscus syriacus cuttage method, and particularly relates to a hibiscus syriacus cuttage substrate and a hibiscus syriacus cuttage method under a high-temperature condition.

Background

The Hibiscus syriacus (with the academic name of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.) is a perennial woody flower of Hibiscus of Malvaceae, can bloom in the whole year at a proper temperature, and has various flower colors and flower types, and the variety of the cultivation in the world is more than ten thousand. Due to the excellent potting characteristics of good flowering performance, good plant division performance, compact plant type and the like, the hibiscus syriacus not only becomes a popular potting material in the markets of europe and america, but also becomes flowers in continental blossoms of hawaii americana, malaysia china, taiwan south city of china and south cantonese Guangxi city.

Cuttage is a relatively mature rapid propagation method in the production of hibiscus syriacus seedlings. Research of numerous scholars finds that the quality of the cuttage matrix is an important factor influencing the success or failure of cuttage. According to the investigation in recent years, the incidence of the root rot seedling blight of the Zhu gem cutting seedling in a simple plastic greenhouse is generally 15-20%, the fatality rate of the cutting seedling reaches 40% under the condition of high temperature and high humidity in summer, and the cutting seedling is seriously influenced.

As is well known, the cuttage propagation of plants is most widely carried out by mixing peat soil and perlite in equal volume. As the peat is unevenly distributed in China, the high-position peat suitable for being used as a gardening culture medium is mainly distributed in big and small Xinghan mountains and Changbai mountains, so that the transportation cost is overhigh when the peat is used in southern areas of China. Peat is a natural object which is formed in succession after a plurality of geological ages, has the development and movement law of the peat, cannot be regenerated in a short period of time, is very fragile, and cannot neglect the influence and the consequence brought by the action of manpower. Until now, no single culture medium can surpass peat, but researches show that the physical and chemical properties and the culture effect of the mixture of a plurality of culture mediums exceed peat.

In the prior art, peat and perlite are mixed and prepared to be used as a substrate. Although peat is rich in organic matters and humic acid, has good air permeability, but is light and not suitable for being used as a covering material, and compressed peat is not broken sufficiently and is easy to cause incomplete disinfection, cuttings are easy to rot, and rooting rate is affected. More importantly, the single peat substrate has lower nutrient content, has great influence on the subsequent growth activity of the rooting of the cuttings, and indirectly influences the quality of the seedlings.

In order to shorten the composting and decomposing period, a decomposing microbial inoculum compounded by a plurality of functional probiotics is often added, the functional bacteria in the decomposing microbial inoculum propagate in large quantity, except for competing for nutrition to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, some bacteria such as bacillus subtilis can secrete bacillus subtilis peptide to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and the bacteria can degrade cellulose, lignin and protein substances and also can generate a plurality of specific metabolites (such as vegetable protein, hormone, antibiotic and the like) in the process of decomposing and greening plant wastes, so that the growth and development of plants are stimulated, the stress resistance of the plants is improved, inorganic nutrition which is difficult to absorb in soil can be converted into effective components which are convenient to absorb by the plants, and the effectiveness and the utilization rate of mineral nutrition and chemical fertilizers in the soil are improved. Therefore, the development of the composite substrate which has low cost and convenient management, can meet the nutritional requirements of plant growth and meet the environmental protection requirements is one of the hot spots in the research of the culture substrate.

In the prior art, hibiscus syriacus cuttage is generally carried out in spring, after cuttage is carried out by using the classical formula of factory seedling raising cuttage matrix, such as peat, perlite is 1:1 and peat, perlite is 2:1, the matrix needs to be sprayed and watered in a constant-temperature shed, the air humidity in the shed is maintained at 85% -90%, the temperature is controlled at 20-28 ℃, the humidity of the matrix is 70-80% in the first week and 60-70% in the second week; the light transmittance of the greenhouse is managed within 50-80%. Under the condition, most of the classical cutting matrixes can be used for cutting hibiscus syriacus to obtain high survival rate. The temperature reduction of the greenhouse mainly depends on natural ventilation and forced ventilation of a wet curtain fan in summer, and the temperature reduction of the greenhouse is realized by shading inside and outside, and the temperature reduction of the greenhouse depends on a heater, a fan coil and a hot blast stove in winter, and the inner shading can play a role in heat preservation, so that the cost is very high. At present, although gardening facilities are in various grades from the simplest vinyl house to a high-grade self-control greenhouse, the simplest vinyl house is mainly used in production. In hot summer and winter, the greenhouse is high in operation cost and is not suitable for cuttage due to the fact that the constant and proper temperature is required to be kept. The inventors have found that, in the event of a continuously high temperature in a simple horticultural facility, cutting of hibiscus syriacus with a medium of classical formulation, although the peat has a high water capacity, its withered water content is as high as possible. In the management process, the shrubalthea scions wither due to careless irrigation, and if the water content of the matrix is maintained through manual irrigation, root rot seedling blight is easily caused under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. In a word, in a simple gardening facility with simple and crude conditions, the survival rate is lower in high-temperature weather, the growth of roots and new branches is influenced, the seedling culture period is prolonged, and the production requirement cannot be met. Therefore, the invention aims to provide the medium for hibiscus syriacus cuttage and the cuttage method, which have the advantages of continuously keeping high temperature of more than 30 ℃ in a simple gardening facility, ensuring the cuttage survival rate, effectively promoting the rooting of the hibiscus syriacus, and shortening the seedling culture period.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a hibiscus syriacus cuttage substrate and a cuttage method under the condition of high temperature of more than 30 ℃ in a simple gardening facility.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a medium for cutting hibiscus syriacus under a high-temperature condition is prepared by uniformly mixing 10-60 parts of urban landscaping waste compost, 0-50 parts of peat and 40-50 parts of perlite according to a volume ratio.

Preferably, the cutting medium comprises 10-50 parts of urban landscaping waste compost, 10-50 parts of peat and 40 parts of perlite according to volume ratio, and is prepared by uniformly mixing.

Preferably, the cuttage matrix comprises 10 parts of urban landscaping waste compost, 50 parts of peat and 40 parts of perlite according to volume ratio.

The invention also provides a hibiscus cutting method by using the hibiscus cutting medium under the high-temperature condition, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a cutting medium: preparing a material by the hibiscus syriacus cuttage matrix under the high-temperature condition, uniformly mixing all the components, spraying 0.1-1% of a zymogen aqueous solution through a spray can until bottom water is thoroughly poured, and then filling the mixture into a cave basin for later use;

(2) preparation of rooting agent aqueous solution: dissolving indolebutyric acid with alcohol to prepare 1-2g/L rooting agent aqueous solution, and then storing in a fresh-keeping layer of a refrigerator for later use;

(3) preparing cutting slips: cutting robust lignified and semi-lignified branches with the length of 10-12 cm from a perennial hibiscus syriacus mother plant to serve as cutting slips for standby, wherein the uppermost part of each cutting slip is provided with 2-3 cutting half leaves; aligning physiological lower ends, bundling, and soaking 3-4 cm of cutting base parts in the rooting agent aqueous solution prepared in the step (2) for 1 minute;

(4) cutting, namely, in a simple greenhouse, cutting the cuttings prepared in the step (3) into a prepared substrate, and compacting to tightly combine the substrate and the cuttings;

(5) managing after cuttage: the temperature of the air in the greenhouse is up to more than 30 ℃, the substrate is sprayed and watered after cuttage, the humidity of the air is kept between 85 and 90 percent, the humidity of the substrate is 70 to 80 percent in the first week and 60 to 70 percent in the second week, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is 50 to 80 percent.

Further, before the base part of the cutting slip is put into rooting water, the cut at the lower end of the cutting slip is soaked in clear water for 5-10 minutes, and then soaked in 0.1% -1% zymogen water solution for 3-5 minutes for wound disinfection treatment.

And (3) further, spraying 0.1-1% of zymophyte aqueous solution on the cuttings every 2-3 days within 2 weeks after the cuttings are cut in the step (5).

Furthermore, the fermentation inoculant contains one or more of multiple beneficial strains of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes.

Preferably, the composting of urban landscaping waste comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing fresh urban landscaping trimmed branches into materials with the particle size of 0.01-0.5 cm;

(2) spraying water to the crushed material to control the water content to be 55-60%, adding fertilizer nitrogen and a fermentation microbial inoculum, and fully mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon to the nitrogen of the material is (25-30):1, and the addition amount of the fermentation microbial inoculum is 0.1-1%; wherein the fermentation inoculum comprises one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and yeast;

(3) measuring the temperature, water content and pH value of the upper part, middle part and lower part of the pile body every day, turning the pile when the temperature of the upper part and the middle part reaches 55-60 ℃, and keeping the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the water content of 55-60% for more than 6 days so as to be thoroughly decomposed;

(4) turning over the pile once a day until the pile retts and becomes thoroughly decomposed, wherein the pile retting time lasts for 30-120 days.

Preferably, the composting property of the urban landscaping waste compost is as follows: C/N (20-25) 1, water content 25-30%, organic matter content 50-75%, nitrogen content 0.5-5%, phosphorus 0.2-8%, potassium 0.5-7%, and pH 6-7.5.

The method utilizes compost, peat and perlite prepared from urban landscaping wastes as substrates to perform hibiscus syriacus cuttage in a common greenhouse at a high temperature of more than 30 ℃. On one hand, urban greening waste compost decomposed by the composite fermentation inoculant is added into the substrate, the probiotic flora is introduced into the cuttage substrate, and the symbiotic cooperation or synergistic effect among various microorganisms in the flora is utilized to compete for nutrition and various survival conditions with pathogenic bacteria remained in soil, so that the soil-borne diseases are competitively inhibited. Meanwhile, the antagonistic action among microorganisms is utilized to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria causing root rot, reduce the rot of the cutting slips and increase the survival of the cutting slips; in order to preserve the beneficial bacteria of the compost in the substrate without subjecting the substrate to high temperature or sterilization by bactericides; on the other hand, the characteristics of water retention and fertility of urban landscaping waste compost are utilized, the growth of plant roots can be promoted under the high-temperature condition, the survival and later growth of cutting seedlings are ensured, and the cultivation time and period of the plants are reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the invention solves the problem that the survival rate is influenced by cutting seedling under the high-temperature condition, the cutting shoot has high rooting speed and more adventitious roots, and the seedling raising period is effectively shortened; the functional bacteria continuously decompose greening waste in the later stage to slowly release fertility, so that the effect of slowly releasing fertilizer is achieved, the cutting seedlings are excellent in growth vigor, and the quality of finished plants is good.

2) The cutting substrate provided by the invention is added with urban landscaping waste compost, and the fermentation microbial inoculum comprising bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes is added in the fermentation process, so that the micro-ecological environment of the substrate soil around the cutting slips can be improved, the permeability of the substrate is increased, the breeding of pathogenic bacteria can be effectively inhibited, the occurrence and spread of soil-borne diseases can be inhibited, and the root rot in the cutting process can be effectively prevented and treated.

3) The method for preparing the hibiscus syriacus cutting medium by using the landscaping waste compost, which is provided by the invention, is simple in preparation method, easy to operate and suitable for industrial production; the invention can save peat resources without using peat or partially replacing non-renewable resources of peat, can perform resource treatment and utilize urban landscaping wastes, has wide material sources, changes waste into valuable, has low cost, and has wide application value and popularization significance. In the prior art, the pruned branches are usually burnt, which can cause pollution to the environment. In the application, urban landscaping waste compost is used as the cuttage matrix, local materials are used, solid waste resource utilization can be achieved, and the cost of the cuttage matrix can be reduced.

4) In the preparation process of the cutting slips, the cuts of the cutting slips are not disinfected by using bactericides, the cuts of the cutting slips are soaked by using fermentation inoculants of green waste composts, the density of probiotics at the cuts of the cutting slips is increased, the cutting slips are sprayed by the fermentation inoculants of the green waste composts every 2-3 days after cutting, the fermentation inoculants are repeatedly used for soaking, and the accumulation effect of beneficial bacteria is increased.

5) According to the invention, the substrate is not disinfected by bactericides such as potassium permanganate or carbendazim or high temperature before cuttage, so that the activity of functional probiotics in compost is protected, the effects of inhibiting soil-borne diseases and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria causing root rot are fully exerted, the effect of protecting the cutting is achieved, and the survival of the cutting is increased.

Drawings and description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the growth of the cutting seedlings of examples 1 to 4,

FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the growth conditions of the cutting seedlings of examples 5 to 9,

FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the growth conditions of the cutting seedlings of examples 10 to 13,

FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the growth of the plants of examples 1 to 4 after 45 days of transplantation of the cutting seedlings,

FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the growth of the plants of examples 5 to 9 after 45 days of transplantation of the cutting seedlings.

Detailed Description

Production method of urban landscaping waste compost used by matrix of the invention

(2) the water content of the crushed material is controlled to be 55-60% by spraying water, fertilizer nitrogen and a fermentation microbial inoculum are added and fully mixed, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon to the nitrogen of the material is (25-30):1, and the addition amount of the fermentation microbial inoculum is 0.1-1%.

Wherein the fermentation inoculum comprises one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and yeast.

(3) Measuring the temperature, water content and pH value of the upper part, middle part and lower part of the pile body every day, turning the pile when the temperature of the upper part and the middle part reaches 55-60 ℃, and keeping the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the water content of 55-60% for more than 6 days so as to facilitate the decomposition.

(4) Turning the pile once a day until the pile retts and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and keeping the pile retting time for 60 days.

The nature of the composts that become thoroughly decomposed is: carbon: 1% of nitrogen (20-25), 25-30% of water content, 50-75% of organic matter content, 0.5-5% of nitrogen content, 0.2-8% of phosphorus and 0.5-7% of potassium, and the pH value is 6-7.5.

In the prior art, the pruned branches are usually burnt, which can cause pollution to the environment. In the application, urban landscaping waste compost is used as the cuttage matrix, local materials are used, solid waste resource utilization can be achieved, and the cost of the cuttage matrix can be reduced.

TABLE 1 comparison of composting Properties

As can be seen from Table 1, in the same fermentation time, the garden greening waste compost added with the decomposing inoculant reaches the decomposing standard (C/N is 23.8:1) after being naturally composted and not decomposed (C/N is 40.7:1), and the total nutrients are obviously improved, so that the functional bacteria can accelerate the decomposition of the materials, increase the nutrients and facilitate the subsequent growth of the cutting seedlings.

Second, common substrate formula hibiscus syriacus cuttage contrast test under different environments

Taking peat and perlite as 1:1 and peat and perlite as 2:1 (a classical formula of an industrial seedling culture medium) as control experiments, carrying out cuttage on hibiscus syriacus (lemon black tea) branches, and then managing the branches in a simple and crude greenhouse, wherein the temperature is high, the humidity is low, and the branches are unstable; and the other group is managed in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity temperature control greenhouse.

The experimental site: simple greenhouse and temperature control greenhouse

1) Preparing a substrate: preparing a substrate according to the volume ratio of the substrate raw materials in the following table 2, uniformly mixing the substrate raw materials to form a cutting substrate, then filling the cutting substrate into a hole pot, marking, uniformly spraying 0.2% potassium permanganate or 0.5% carbendazim solution on the substrate, sterilizing, filling the processed substrate into a hole tray, and respectively putting the substrate into a simple greenhouse and a temperature-controlled greenhouse for standby after watering thoroughly;

2) preparation of rooting agent aqueous solution: dissolving indolebutyric acid by using alcohol to prepare 2g/L rooting agent aqueous solution, and then storing the rooting agent aqueous solution in a fresh-keeping layer of a refrigerator for later use;

3) preparing cutting slips: cutting 10-12 cm long robust semi-lignified branches from a perennial hibiscus syriacus stock plant (lemon black tea) as cutting slips for standby, wherein the uppermost part of each cutting slip is provided with 2-3 cutting half leaves; aligning physiological lower ends, bundling, soaking the cut at the lower end of the cutting in clear water for 5-10 minutes, then performing cut disinfection treatment by using a carbendazim solution, finally soaking the base part of the cutting in a rooting agent aqueous solution for 1 minute, and then soaking the base part of the cutting in 3-4 cm in the rooting agent aqueous solution prepared in the step (2) for 1 minute;

4) cuttage: drilling small holes in the substrate, inserting the cutting slips into the holes, and lightly compacting to tightly combine the substrate and the cutting slips;

5) managing after cuttage: spraying water to the substrate after cutting, and spraying the cutting slips with carbendazim solution every 2-3 days within 2 weeks after cutting.

6) Transplanting: when the root system of the cutting shoot grows to be more than 6cm and brown old roots are formed, transplanting the cutting shoot into a pot, watering at regular time and not fertilizing.

Placing the well-inserted hole trays in a simple plastic greenhouse in a group, wherein the average temperature in the greenhouse is above 30 ℃ in the daytime, the air humidity is adjusted to be 90% by spraying in the first week of cuttage, the temperature in the greenhouse can rapidly rise in the sunny day at noon, the moisture of the substrate is violent in transpiration, and manual periodical water supplement is needed to enable the humidity of the substrate to reach 75%; the other group is placed in a temperature-controlled greenhouse with constant temperature and humidity, and the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 25 and 28 ℃ in the daytime, the air humidity is 90 percent, the substrate humidity is 75 percent, and the growth and development are realized under the near-natural environment condition of constant temperature and humidity through temperature control.

The growth conditions of the cuttage branches are investigated 35 days after cuttage, and the growth amount of new branches of the cuttage seedlings is investigated 45 days after transplantation, which are shown in the table 2 and the figure 1.

Table 2 comparison test results of hibiscus syriacus cuttage under different environments with common substrate formula

As can be seen from table 2: 35 days after cuttage, germs are easily bred in a common greenhouse under the high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, a large number of cuttings are rotten, the survival rate is low, the midday high-temperature substrate is severely evaporated in water and plants are flourished in the daytime, adverse effects are caused to roots, although some cuttings take roots, only light roots just come out, and basically no cuttings exist; the survival rate and the rooting rate in the constant-temperature greenhouse are better than those of the common greenhouse, which shows that the cuttage effect of the hibiscus syriacus is poor under the condition of the high-temperature common greenhouse by the classical formula of the industrial seedling raising matrix. This is also why cutting is not currently performed at high temperatures in summer. Under the conditions of high temperature or constant temperature and under the condition of not applying other fertilizers after transplanting, the cutting seedlings grow weakly, the growth amount of new branches is low, and the seedling forming time is long, which is probably caused by the poor water and fertilizer retention effect of peat and perlite in the traditional substrate formula. This is also a technical problem to be solved by the present invention.

Thirdly, the hibiscus syriacus cuttage contrast test by using the medium and the method of the invention under the condition of different mediums and high temperature

The method comprises the steps of preparing a hibiscus syriacus cutting seedling substrate (the specific ratio is shown in the following table 2) by using greening waste compost, peat and perlite as raw materials according to different volume ratios, carrying out hibiscus syriacus branch cutting, managing in a simple and crude greenhouse, and managing in environments with high temperature, violent substrate water evaporation and unstable temperature and humidity in the greenhouse in summer and daytime.

The specific operation steps of the embodiments 5-9 are as follows:

1) preparing a substrate: preparing a substrate according to the volume ratio of the substrate raw materials in the following table 3, uniformly mixing the substrate raw materials to form a cutting substrate, then filling the cutting substrate into a hole basin, making a mark, and spraying 0.1-1% of zymogen aqueous solution to thoroughly pour bottom water by using a spraying pot for later use; the fermentation inoculum is one or more of multiple beneficial bacteria such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes;

3) preparing cutting slips: cutting robust semi-lignified branches with the length of 10-12 cm from a perennial hibiscus syriacus mother plant for standby use, wherein the uppermost part of each cutting is provided with 2-3 cutting half leaves; aligning physiological lower ends, bundling, soaking the cut at the lower end of the cutting shoot in clear water for 5-10 minutes, soaking in 0.1% -1% of zymogen aqueous solution for 3-5 minutes for wound disinfection treatment, and soaking 3-4 cm of the base part of the cutting shoot in the rooting agent aqueous solution prepared in the step (2) for 1 minute;

5) managing after cuttage: and spraying and watering the substrate after cuttage, and spraying the cutting slips with 0.1-1% of zymophyte agent aqueous solution every 2-3 days within 2 weeks after cuttage. And placing the well-cut hole tray in a simple plastic greenhouse, wherein the average temperature in the greenhouse is more than 30 ℃ in the daytime, the humidity of the cutting spray-regulated air is maintained at 85-90%, the humidity of the matrix is 70-80% in the first week, the humidity of the matrix is 60-70% in the second week, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is 50-80%. The temperature in the greenhouse can rapidly rise in the sunny day in summer, the water in the substrate is evaporated violently, and manual regular water supplement is needed, so that the humidity of the substrate is maintained. The humidity of the substrate is too high, so that the cutting slips are easy to rot, but the humidity of the substrate is too low, so that the cutting slips are easy to dehydrate and dry.

The growth condition of the cutting branches is investigated 25-35 days after cutting, and the growth amount of new branches of the cutting seedlings is investigated 45 days after transplanting, which is shown in table 3 and figure 2.

Table 3 growth effect of hibiscus syriacus cutting seedling in simple greenhouse

As shown in table 3, under high temperature conditions, compared with examples 1 and 2, the survival rate and rooting rate of cuttage can be significantly improved by using the technical scheme of the present invention. Moreover, the rotting rate of the cutting slips is improved along with the reduction of the usage amount of the compost, which shows that the growth of pathogenic bacteria of rotten roots is more strongly inhibited by the functional bacteria along with the increase of the usage amount of the compost; the growth of the root system and the usage amount of the compost have no obvious positive correlation, which indicates that the more the cuttage substrate compost is used, the better the cuttage substrate compost is; investigation after the cutting seedlings are transplanted shows that the more the compost is used, the larger the growth amount of new branches is, and the higher the chlorophyll content of plants is, which indicates that under the action of functional bacteria, the greening waste slowly releases fertility, so that the effect of slow release fertilizer is achieved, the cutting seedlings grow well, and the quality of the grown plants is better. From the transplanting time, documents show that the hibiscus syriacus can be transplanted after being subjected to cuttage for 45 days generally under a greenhouse with a classical formula at a constant temperature, the shortest time from the cuttage to the transplantation only needs 28 days, and the average time reaches the transplanting standard about 35 days, which shows that the technical scheme of the invention can effectively shorten the cultivation period.

In addition, under the condition of a common greenhouse, the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 6 do not contain peat non-renewable resource substrates, the survival rate and the rooting rate in the embodiment 5 reach about 60 percent, the root system is less, the main root is developed and strong, the heading is obvious, the method is better than the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, and the growth amount of new branches after transplanting is large; in the example 9, the survival rate and the rooting rate both reach more than 85 percent, and as can be seen from the graph 2, in the example 9, the root system is thick and strong, the main side roots are uniformly distributed, and the heading is obvious; in the examples 5 and 6, compared with the examples 7, 8 and 9, the rooting rate and the survival rate of the cutting seedlings are reduced along with the increase of the compost amount, so that the fertility of the greening waste compost is high, and the seedling burning caused by too high proportion of the compost usage amount under the high temperature condition can reduce the rooting rate and the survival rate of the cutting seedlings. However, the low survival rate of the cutting seedlings, which is caused by the poor water-holding ability of the substrate under high temperature conditions without using compost, can also be confirmed from examples 5 to 9. The length and the number of roots are also obviously increased compared with those of the

embodiments

1 and 2, and the technical scheme of the invention is proved to be better. Meanwhile, from the aspect of rotting rate, the rotting rate of the hibiscus syriacus cutting seedlings is reduced along with the increase of the usage amount of the compost. This also indicates that the municipal garden waste compost can effectively reduce the root rot rate in the cutting process of hibiscus syriacus, and of course, this may also be related to the action of functional bacteria in the compost. From the growth amount of new branches and chlorophyll of leaves, the larger the growth amount of the new branches and the chlorophyll SPDA value along with the increase of the usage amount of the compost, the better the fertility of the greening waste compost, the faster the growth of the cutting seedlings after transplantation and the greener leaves. As can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the plant height of the cutting seedlings using the technical scheme of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the examples 1-4 of the prior art method 45 days after the transplantation.

Fourthly, comparing the using effect of the high-temperature inactivated compost living bacteria in the cuttage process

In a common greenhouse, greening waste compost, peat and perlite are used as raw materials, the medium in the

embodiments

5 and 6 is prepared into a hibiscus syriacus cutting seedling medium (the specific ratio is shown in the following table 4), and after hibiscus syriacus branch cutting is carried out, the medium is managed in a simple and crude greenhouse, and in summer, the greenhouse is high in temperature, the medium is violent in water evaporation, and the temperature and the humidity are unstable.

Comparative examples 10 and 11 were set up, differing from example 6 in that: in the step 1), performing high-temperature treatment on the greening waste compost to inactivate probiotics in the compost in the preparation of the substrate;

examples 12 and 13 differ from example 6 in that: the water solution of 0.1 to 1 percent of zymogen agent is used for fully pouring and is replaced by clear water; step 3), during the preparation of cutting shoots, replacing the aqueous solution of the zymophyte agent with clear water for carrying out incision disinfection treatment; in the management after cuttage, the aqueous solution of the fermentation inoculant is replaced by clear water and sprayed on the cuttings.

The conditions of the cutting seedlings in different treatment modes after 45 days are shown in Table 4 and FIG. 3

TABLE 4 cutting conditions under different treatment modes

As can be seen from the above-mentioned examples 10 and 11, after the substrate is sterilized at high temperature, the functional probiotics do not inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and compared with the examples 5 and 6, the rot rate of the cutting shoot is greatly improved, and the survival rate and the rooting rate are affected. The beneficial bacteria in the compost in the substrate play a good role in the cuttage of the hibiscus syriacus at high temperature, and the functional beneficial bacteria in the greening waste compost play a good role in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and have a better water retention effect under the high-temperature condition. The survival rate of the cutting seedlings is lower than that of the examples 5 and 6, but higher than that of the examples 10 and 11, which shows that in the preparation process of the cutting, the cuts of the cutting are not disinfected by using a bactericide, the cuts of the cutting are soaked by using a zymophyte agent for composting greening waste, the density of probiotics in the cuts of the cutting is increased, the cutting is sprayed by using the zymophyte agent for composting greening waste every 2 to 3 days after the cutting, and the zymophyte agent is repeatedly used, so that the accumulation effect of beneficial bacteria is increased, the survival rate of the cutting seedlings can be effectively improved, and the rotting rate is reduced. In the preparation of the cutting substrate, the invention omits the link of sterilization by a bactericide, can effectively ensure the survival of probiotics in the decomposed compost of greening wastes, reduces the use of the substrate bactericide, reduces the seedling raising cost, does not cause pollution to the environment and is more environment-friendly; before the cutting is used, a fermentation microbial inoculum of landscaping waste compost is soaked and added, probiotics play a double protection role in the cutting and a substrate, the growth of pathogenic bacteria causing root rot is inhibited by utilizing the antagonism among microorganisms, and the survival of the cutting is increased.

Therefore, it is demonstrated that the conditions of hibiscus syriacus cutting, such as temperature, humidity, substrate formula, cutting method and post-cutting management, affect each other and cooperate with each other.

Claims

1. A hibiscus syriacus cuttage matrix under a high-temperature condition is characterized in that: the cutting medium comprises 10-60 parts of urban landscaping waste compost, 0-50 parts of peat and 40-50 parts of perlite according to volume ratio, and is prepared by uniformly mixing.

2. The hibiscus syriacus cutting medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium comprises: the cutting medium comprises 10-50 parts of urban landscaping waste compost, 10-50 parts of peat and 40 parts of perlite according to volume ratio, and is prepared by uniformly mixing.

3. The hibiscus syriacus cutting medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium comprises: the cuttage medium comprises 10 parts of urban landscaping waste compost, 50 parts of peat and 40 parts of perlite according to volume ratio.

4. The hibiscus syriacus cutting method by using hibiscus syriacus cutting medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a cutting medium: preparing a material by using a hibiscus syriacus cutting medium under the high-temperature condition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, uniformly mixing the components, spraying 0.1 to 1 percent of zymogen aqueous solution to thoroughly water the bottom water by using a spray pot, and then filling the mixture into a hole basin for later use;

(4) cutting, namely, in a simple greenhouse, inserting the cutting slips prepared in the step (3) into the substrate prepared in the step (1), and compacting to tightly combine the substrate and the cutting slips;

(5) managing after cuttage: in summer, the temperature of the air in the greenhouse is up to more than 30 ℃, the substrate is sprayed and watered after cuttage, the humidity of the air in the greenhouse is maintained at 85% -90%, the humidity of the substrate in the first week is 70% -80%, the humidity of the substrate in the second week is 60% -70%, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is 50% -80%.

5. The method for hibiscus cuttage by using hibiscus cutting medium under high temperature condition as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and (3) before the root of the cutting shoot is put into rooting water, soaking the cut at the lower end of the cutting shoot in clear water for 5-10 minutes, and then soaking in 0.1-1% of zymogen aqueous solution for 3-5 minutes to perform wound disinfection treatment.

6. The method for hibiscus cuttage by using hibiscus cutting medium under high temperature condition as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and (3) spraying 0.1-1% of zymophyte aqueous solution to the cuttings every 2-3 days after the cuttings are cut in the step (5).

7. The method for hibiscus cuttage by using hibiscus cutting medium under high temperature condition as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the fermentation inoculant contains one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes.

8. The method for hibiscus cuttage by using hibiscus cutting medium under high temperature condition as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the composting of the urban landscaping waste comprises the following steps:

(4) turning the pile once a day until the pile is retted and rotten, the pile retting time lasts for 30-120 days in the application.

9. The method for hibiscus syriacus cuttage with hibiscus syriacus cuttage medium under high temperature condition as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the composting property of the urban landscaping waste compost is as follows: C/N (20-25) 1, water content 25-30%, organic matter content 50-75%, nitrogen content 0.5-5%, phosphorus 0.2-8%, potassium 0.5-7%, and pH 6-7.5.