CN113796217A

CN113796217A - High-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya

Info

Publication number: CN113796217A
Application number: CN202111052475.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢义贞; 卢荣楷; 黄林东; 周玉和
Original assignee: Guangxi Jiasui Agriculture Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangxi Jiasui Agriculture Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-08
Filing date: 2021-09-08
Publication date: 2021-12-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya, which comprises the following steps of: s1: pretreating cutting slips: selecting a robust branch, carrying out yellowing treatment, then cutting off the robust branch, and taking a cut segment as a cutting; cutting off the lower fleshy part of the stem node physiology of the cutting, and reserving the central xylem; s2: preparing a rooting culture medium: the rooting culture medium is prepared by uniformly spreading rooting water on a rooting substrate; the rooting substrate comprises the following raw materials: sawdust, charcoal, coal cinder, vermiculite, sandstone and water moss; the preparation method of the rooting water comprises the following steps: soaking willow bark in water to obtain a soaking solution; adding a rare earth salt solution into the soaking solution, and stirring and mixing; s3: rooting culture and transplanting and cutting: after the cut is air-dried, inserting the cuttings into a rooting culture medium for rooting culture; then transplanting the seedlings to a seedbed for cuttage; and immediately irrigating root fixing water after the transplanting is finished. The method can improve the rooting rate and the cuttage survival rate of the dragon fruit cuttings, and has remarkable economic benefit.

Description

High-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of dragon fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for dragon fruits.

Background

Pitaya (Latin name: Hylocereus undatus Britt), Cactaceae, Caliper plant, also called Honglong fruit, Longzhu fruit, Xianmei fruit, Yulong fruit. Is a succulent plant with climbing ability for many years. The plant has no main root, the lateral roots are distributed in the superficial soil layer in large quantity, and simultaneously, a plurality of aerial roots are generated, so that the plant can grow in a climbing manner. The rootstock is dark green and thick, the length can reach 7 meters, the thickness is 10-12 cm, and the rootstock has 3 edges. The edges are flat, the edges are wavy, climbing roots grow at the stem nodes and can climb on other plants to grow, the number of the ribs is 3, and the sunken part of each segment of the stem node is provided with small thorns. Due to long-term growth in tropical desert regions, the leaves have degenerated and the photosynthesis function is taken over by the stems. The inside of the stem is a large number of parenchyma cells saturated with viscous liquid, which is beneficial to absorbing as much water as possible in rainy season. The dragon fruits are tropical fruits and subtropical fruits, are pleased with light, shade, heat and drought, and fertilizer and barren, and can resist low temperature of 0 ℃ and high temperature of 40 ℃, and the optimal growth temperature is 25-35 ℃; the plant can grow rapidly in warm and humid environment with sufficient light, the stem can grow when being attached to the rock, the plant has extremely strong wind resistance, and the support can resist typhoon as long as the support is firm. The dragon fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in function, and contains plant albumin and anthocyanin which are few in common plants, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers. The dragon fruit belongs to cool fruit, and in a natural state, the fruit is ripe in summer and autumn, and is sweet and juicy. Modern scientific research results show that the dragon fruit has a good health-care function, has the effects of losing weight, removing edema, resisting free radicals, expelling toxin, detoxifying, whitening and the like, is favored by people in recent years, and is not in demand in the market.

At present, the current pitaya seedling raising modes of the pitaya mainly comprise seed seedling raising, grafting seedling raising and cutting seedling raising, the cutting seedling raising is to cut a section of pitaya branch, a bamboo pole is used as a support, a rope is used for fixing the pitaya branch on the bamboo pole, and then the root of the pitaya is cut into sand or soil for cutting. The seedling raising period of the seedling raising mode is long, and the seedling raising time of about 80 days is needed for obtaining the dragon fruit branches suitable for transplanting. Moreover, the seedling raising mode consumes a large amount of materials and manpower, has low efficiency and is not suitable for large-scale popularization and application; at present, sand is used as a seedling raising substrate, the water retention is poor, and pure soil is used as a seedling raising and cutting substrate, so that the root system is firmly buried after seedling raising is successful, and the transplanting is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, cutting slips of the pitaya are slow in rooting and low in cutting survival rate.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya comprises the following steps:

s1: pretreating cutting slips: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, strong, deep in color and fully aged, carrying out yellowing treatment, then cutting the robust branches off, and cutting the robust branches into sections of 30-60 cm as cuttings; cutting off the fleshy part of the physiological lower end of the stem node of the cutting, keeping the central xylem, disinfecting the wound, and then placing the cut in a cool, ventilated and dry place for 2-3 days;

s2: preparing a rooting culture medium: the rooting culture medium is prepared by uniformly spreading rooting water on a rooting substrate;

the rooting substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of sawdust, 3-7 parts of charcoal, 1-3 parts of coal cinder, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of gravel and 1-5 parts of water moss;

the rooting water is prepared by the following method: soaking willow bark in water to obtain a soaking solution; adding a rare earth salt solution into the soaking solution, and stirring for 10-30 min to obtain the rare earth salt solution;

s3: rooting culture and transplanting and cutting: after the cut is air-dried, inserting the cuttings into a rooting culture medium for rooting culture; transplanting the seedlings to a seedbed for cuttage when the roots are 3-4 cm long; and immediately irrigating root fixing water after the transplanting is finished.

Further, in step S1, the yellowing process method includes: covering the branches with black plastic bags for 15-22 days.

Further, in step S1, the sterilization method includes: and immersing the cut into 400-600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 8-12 min.

Further, in step S2, the weight ratio of willow bark to water is 1: 8-10; the addition amount of the rare earth salt solution is that the concentration of the rare earth salt in the rooting water after the stirring is finished is 0.3-1 ppm.

Further, in step S2, the soaking time is 10 to 20 days.

Further, in step S2, the rare earth salt solution is a lanthanum chloride solution or a rubidium chloride solution.

Further, in step S2, the method for preparing a rooting medium comprises the steps of:

A. laying a layer of sponge on a sand bed;

B. crushing the coal cinder to 2-5 cm, and laying the crushed coal cinder on the sponge; respectively crushing charcoal sawdust, vermiculite and sandstone to 1-2 cm, then uniformly mixing, and paving on coal cinder; paving the dried sphagna at the top to obtain a rooting matrix;

C. and (3) uniformly spreading the rooting water on a rooting substrate, and finally covering willow barks on the rooting substrate.

Further, in the step A, the thickness of the sponge is 3-5 cm.

Further, in the step C, the using amount of the rooting water is that the rooting water is spread until the dry water moss is completely wet and the sponge is saturated with water.

Further, in step S2, the cutting method includes: inserting the cuttings into the seedling culture substrate, wherein the insertion depth is 4-6 cm, and tightly pressing the substrate with hands.

Further, the seedling substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-70 parts of yellow core soil, 10-50 parts of humus soil, 30-50 parts of peat soil and 1-5 parts of chaff.

Further, the cuttage time is 3-4 months or 9 middle and last ten days.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the cutting and planting method of the dragon fruit, the branches are subjected to yellowing treatment, so that chlorophyll disappears, tissues are yellowed, cortex is thickened, parenchyma cells are increased, the activity of meristematic tissues at the roots of the dragon fruit can be improved, and the differentiation and rooting of root protomers are facilitated; the water content of the fleshy part of the dragon fruit branch is obviously higher than that of the xylem, the rotting rate can be greatly reduced after the fleshy part is cut off, the xylem is a main rooting part, the xylem is exposed and directly contacted with a culture medium, rooting can be accelerated, the up-and-down transportation of cutting nutrition can be hindered after the fleshy part is cut off, the nutrition is concentrated on the xylem, and rooting is facilitated.

(2) Among the raw materials adopted by the rooting matrix, sponge is a good water storage medium; the sand stone is inorganic, and can effectively prevent root rot; the vermiculite has the characteristics of loose culture medium, good air permeability, strong water absorption, small temperature change and the like, is favorable for rooting, and can automatically absorb water to sponge when the culture medium is dry so as to supplement the water of cuttings; the sphagna has good water retention performance, is not easy to decay, and can improve the moisture retention performance of the whole rooting matrix; the coal cinder can enhance the air permeability of the basin bottom; the wood charcoal has good water absorption and water retention, rich contents of nutrient elements such as phosphorus, calcium, boron, potassium and the like, and also has the corrosion resistance, so that the survival rate of cuttage can be greatly improved; the sawdust is light, has good water absorption and permeability, and can absorb water and ventilate.

(3) In the rooting water, willow bark contains rich salicylic acid which is a growth regulator and can promote the rooting of the cuttings; the proper amount of rare earth elements can promote the growth and development of plant root systems, improve the activity of the root systems, promote the root differentiation and metabolic activities and improve the absorption capacity of the root systems to nutrient elements; the salicylic acid and the rare earth elements have the effects of promoting rooting and rooting of the cuttings, and the salicylic acid and the rare earth elements can promote rooting, have certain sterilization and anti-inflammation effects, further play a role in protecting the rooting and cutting processes and guarantee the survival rate of the cuttings; salicylic acid and rare earth elements also have certain toxicity, but can generate a matching reaction to form a salicylic acid-rare earth complex, the biological activity of the complex is improved to a certain extent compared with that of an original complex, the toxicity is reduced, and the rooting rate and the cuttage survival rate are finally improved under the synergistic effect of the salicylic acid and the rare earth elements.

(4) The pitaya cutting and planting method disclosed by the invention can accelerate the rooting rate and improve the cutting survival rate, and meanwhile, the method is convenient to operate, low in cost, environment-friendly and suitable for popularization and application.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

s1: pretreating cutting slips: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, strong, deep in color and fully aged at the bottom of 3 months, covering the branches with black plastic bags for 15 days to carry out yellowing treatment, then cutting the branches off, and cutting the branches into sections of 30cm as cuttings; cutting out the flesh part 1cm below the physiological lower end of the stem node of the cutting, keeping the central xylem, immersing the cut into 400 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 8min, and then placing in a shady, ventilated and dry place for 2 days;

s2: preparing a rooting culture medium:

preparing rooting substrate raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 1 part of sawdust, 7 parts of charcoal, 1 part of coal cinder, 5 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of sandstone and 2 parts of sphagna;

preparing rooting water according to the following method: according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 8 soaking willow bark in water for 10 days to obtain a soaking solution; adding rubidium chloride solution into the soaking solution, stirring for 10min, and measuring the concentration of rubidium chloride to be 0.3ppm to obtain rooting water;

the rooting medium is prepared according to the following method:

A. paving a layer of sponge with the thickness of 3cm on a sand bed;

B. crushing the coal cinder to 2cm, and paving the crushed coal cinder on the sponge; respectively crushing charcoal sawdust, vermiculite and sandstone to 1cm, then uniformly mixing, and paving on coal cinder; paving the dried sphagna at the top to obtain a rooting matrix;

C. and (3) uniformly spreading the rooting water on a rooting substrate until the dry water moss is completely wet and the sponge is saturated with water, and finally covering the willow bark on the rooting substrate.

S3: rooting culture and transplanting and cutting: after the cut is air-dried, inserting the cuttings into a rooting culture medium for rooting culture; the insertion depth is 4 cm;

preparing seedling substrate raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 20 parts of yellow core soil, 50 parts of humus soil, 30 parts of peat soil and 1 part of chaff;

transplanting the seedlings to a seedbed when the root length is 3cm, inserting the cuttings into the seedling culture substrate, wherein the insertion depth is 4cm, and tightly pressing the substrate by hands; and immediately irrigating root fixing water after the transplanting is finished.

Example 2

s1: pretreating cutting slips: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, dark and fully aged in the middle ten days of 4 months, covering the branches with black plastic bags for 18 days to carry out yellowing treatment, then cutting the branches off, and cutting the branches into sections of 40cm as cuttings; cutting out the flesh part 1.2cm below the physiological lower end of the stem node of the cutting, keeping the central xylem, immersing the cut into 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 9min, and then placing in a shady, ventilated and dry place for 3 days;

s2: preparing a rooting culture medium:

preparing rooting substrate raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 2 parts of sawdust, 4 parts of charcoal, 3 parts of coal cinder, 6 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of sandstone and 1 part of water moss;

preparing rooting water according to the following method: according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 9 soaking willow bark in water for 12 days to obtain a soaking solution; adding lanthanum chloride solution into the soak solution, stirring for 20min, and measuring the concentration of rubidium chloride to be 0.5ppm to obtain rooting water;

the rooting medium is prepared according to the following method:

A. paving a layer of sponge with the thickness of 4cm on a sand bed;

B. crushing the coal cinder to 3cm, and paving the coal cinder on the sponge; respectively crushing charcoal sawdust, vermiculite and sandstone to 2cm, then uniformly mixing, and paving on coal cinder; paving the dried sphagna at the top to obtain a rooting matrix;

C. uniformly spreading rooting water on a rooting substrate until the dry water moss is completely wet and the sponge is saturated with water, and finally covering willow barks on the rooting substrate;

s3: rooting culture and transplanting and cutting: after the cut is air-dried, inserting the cuttings into a rooting matrix for rooting culture; the insertion depth is 5 cm;

preparing a seedling culture substrate according to the following parts by weight: 40 parts of yellow core soil, 10 parts of humus soil, 40 parts of peat soil and 5 parts of chaff;

transplanting the seedlings to a seedbed when the root length is 4cm, inserting the cuttings into a seedling culture substrate, wherein the insertion depth is 5cm, and tightly pressing the substrate by hands; and immediately irrigating root fixing water after the transplanting is finished.

Example 3

s1: pretreating cutting slips: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, strong, deep in color and fully aged at the bottom of 4 months, covering the branches with black plastic bags for 20 days to carry out yellowing treatment, then cutting the branches off, and cutting the branches into sections of 50cm as cuttings; cutting out the flesh part 1.5cm below the physiological lower end of the stem node of the cutting, keeping the central xylem, immersing the cut into 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10min, and then placing in a shady, ventilated and dry place for 3 days;

s2: preparing a rooting culture medium:

preparing rooting substrate raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 3 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of charcoal, 2 parts of coal cinder, 8 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of sandstone and 3 parts of sphagna;

preparing rooting water according to the following method: according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 9 soaking willow bark in water for 15 days to obtain a soaking solution; adding lanthanum chloride solution into the soak solution, stirring for 25min, and measuring the concentration of rubidium chloride to be 0.8ppm to obtain rooting water;

the rooting medium is prepared according to the following method:

A. paving a layer of sponge with the thickness of 5cm on a sand bed;

B. crushing the coal cinder to 4cm, and paving the crushed coal cinder on the sponge; respectively crushing charcoal sawdust, vermiculite and sandstone to 2cm, then uniformly mixing, and paving on coal cinder; paving the dried sphagna at the top to obtain a rooting matrix;

s3: rooting culture and transplanting and cutting: after the cut is air-dried, inserting the cuttings into a rooting culture medium for rooting culture; the insertion depth is 6 cm;

preparing a seedling culture substrate according to the following parts by weight: 50 parts of yellow core soil, 30 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of peat soil and 3 parts of chaff;

transplanting the seedlings to a seedbed when the root length is 4cm, inserting the cuttings into the seedling culture substrate, wherein the insertion depth is 6cm, and tightly pressing the substrate by hands; and immediately irrigating root fixing water after the transplanting is finished.

Example 4

s1: pretreating cutting slips: selecting strong branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, strong, dark and fully aged at the bottom of 4 months, covering the branches with black plastic bags for 22 days to carry out yellowing treatment, then cutting the branches off, and cutting the branches into sections of 60cm to be used as cuttings; cutting out the flesh part 1.3cm below the physiological lower end of the stem node of the cutting, keeping the central xylem, immersing the cut into 600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 12min, and then placing in a shady, ventilated and dry place for 3 days;

s2: preparing a rooting culture medium:

the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing a quasi-rooting matrix raw material in parts by weight: 5 parts of sawdust, 3 parts of charcoal, 2 parts of coal cinder, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of sandstone and 2 parts of water moss;

preparing rooting water according to the following method: according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 10 soaking willow bark in water for 20 days to obtain a soaking solution; adding rubidium chloride solution into the soaking solution, stirring for 30min, and measuring the concentration of rubidium chloride to be 1ppm to obtain rooting water;

the rooting medium is prepared according to the following method:

A. paving a layer of sponge with the thickness of 5cm on a sand bed;

preparing seedling substrate raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 70 parts of yellow core soil, 40 parts of humus soil, 35 parts of peat soil and 4 parts of chaff;

Comparative example 1

Basically the same method as that of example 3 except that the fleshy part of 1-1.5 cm below the physiological lower end of the stem node of the cutting is not cut.

Comparative example 2

The method is basically the same as the cuttage planting method of the embodiment 3, except that the rooting water is directly obtained by mixing the rare earth salt solution and water, and willow bark is not included.

Comparative example 3

The method is basically the same as the cuttage planting method in the embodiment 3, except that the rooting water is directly willow bark soaking solution and does not contain rare earth salt.

Comparative example 4

The method is essentially the same as the method of cutting and planting in example 3, except that no rooting water is used, and clear water is used instead.

Comparative experiment

The cutting and planting methods of examples 1 to 4 were used as experimental groups, the cutting and planting methods of comparative examples 1 to 4 were used as control groups, and the results are shown in the following table, with 50 replicates for each experimental group and control group.

Experimental groups	Rooting time/day	Survival rate of cutting%
			Example 1	12	100
Example 2	11	100
			Example 3	10	100
Example 4	11	100
			Comparative example 1	15	66
Comparative example 2	20	90
			Comparative example 3	22	88
Comparative example 4	28	84

(1) As can be seen from the data of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4, compared with comparative example 1, by adopting the cutting and planting method disclosed by the invention, the fleshy part 1-1.5 cm below the physiological lower end of the stem node of the cutting is cut off, the central xylem is exposed to be directly contacted with a rooting culture medium, the rooting is fast, the rooting is realized within 12 days, and the cutting survival rate reaches 100%; in the comparative example 1, the lower 1-1.5 cm of flesh part of the physiological end of the shoot node of the cutting is not cut off, so that the rooting time is still fast under the culture medium, the root can be rooted in 15 days, but the cutting survival rate is low; in comparative examples 2-4, the raw materials for preparing the culture medium were adjusted, and the rooting rate and the survival rate of cuttings were reduced to different extents.

(2) As can be seen from the data of the example 3 and the comparative examples 2-4, compared with the comparative example 4, the rooting time of the comparative example 2 is shortened by 8 days, and the cuttage survival rate is improved by 6%; the rooting time of the comparative example 3 is shortened by 6 days, and the cuttage survival rate is improved by 4 percent; example 3 the rooting time is shortened by 18 days, and the cuttage survival rate is improved by 16%;

therefore, under the combined action of the willow bark and the rare earth salt solution, the rooting rate is enhanced as follows compared with the rooting rate obtained by respectively and independently acting the willow bark and the rare earth salt solution: [18- (8+6) ]/(8 +6) × 100% ═ 28.6%; the cuttage survival rate has the following synergy: [16- (6+4) ]/(6 +4) × 100% ═ 60%. Therefore, when the willow bark and the rare earth salt solution are mixed, a synergistic effect is generated, and the rooting rate and the cuttage survival rate are synergistically improved. This is because:

willow bark is rich in salicylic acid, which is a growth regulator and can promote the rooting of cuttings; the proper amount of rare earth elements can promote the growth and development of plant root systems, improve the activity of the root systems, promote the root differentiation and metabolic activities and improve the absorption capacity of the root systems to nutrient elements; the salicylic acid and the rare earth elements have the effects of promoting rooting and rooting of the cuttings, and the salicylic acid and the rare earth elements can promote rooting and have a certain sterilization effect, so that the rooting and cuttage processes are further protected, and the cuttage survival rate is also guaranteed; salicylic acid and rare earth elements also have certain toxicity, but can generate a matching reaction to form a salicylic acid-rare earth complex, the biological activity of the complex is improved to a certain extent compared with that of an original complex, the toxicity is reduced, and the rooting rate and the cuttage survival rate are finally improved under the synergistic effect of the salicylic acid and the rare earth elements.

The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the embodiments, but rather, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simplifications or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: pretreating cutting slips: selecting robust branches which are free of diseases and insect pests, thick, strong, deep in color and fully aged, carrying out yellowing treatment, then cutting the robust branches off, and cutting the robust branches into sections of 30-60 cm as cuttings; cutting off the fleshy part 1-1.5 cm below the physiological lower end of the stem node of the cutting, reserving the central xylem, disinfecting the cut, and then placing in a cool, ventilated and dry place for 2-3 days;

2. The high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the yellowing process method includes: covering the branches with black plastic bags for 15-22 days.

3. The high-survival-rate cutting planting method for pitaya according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the disinfection method comprises the following steps: and immersing the cut into 400-600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 8-12 min.

4. The high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the weight ratio of willow bark to water is 1: 8-10; the addition amount of the rare earth salt solution is that the concentration of the rare earth salt in the rooting water after the stirring is finished is 0.3-1 ppm.

5. The high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the soaking time is 10-20 days.

6. The high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the method for preparing the rooting medium comprises the following steps:

A. laying a layer of sponge on a sand bed;

7. The high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step A, the thickness of the sponge is 3-5 cm.

8. The high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step C, the using amount of the rooting water is that the rooting water is spread until the dry water moss is completely wet and the sponge is saturated with the rooting water.

9. The high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the cutting method includes: inserting the cuttings into the seedling culture substrate, wherein the insertion depth is 4-6 cm, and tightly pressing the substrate with hands.

10. The high-survival-rate cutting and planting method for pitaya according to claim 9, wherein the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-70 parts of yellow core soil, 10-50 parts of humus soil, 30-50 parts of peat soil and 1-5 parts of chaff.