CN1317940C - Method for planting Chinese yew - Google Patents
Method for planting Chinese yew Download PDFInfo
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- CN1317940C CN1317940C CNB200410043959XA CN200410043959A CN1317940C CN 1317940 C CN1317940 C CN 1317940C CN B200410043959X A CNB200410043959X A CN B200410043959XA CN 200410043959 A CN200410043959 A CN 200410043959A CN 1317940 C CN1317940 C CN 1317940C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for planting yew, which belongs to the technical field of cultivation and cuttage of yew. The cultivation and cuttage technique for yew planting, which is aimed at solving problems of manual yew planting, achieving the goal of wide development and utilization of yew, and providing wide material resources for medical anti-cancer drugs, is successfully developed, and the whole process of the cultivation technique is completed by the steps of seed collection, selection of seedling field, soil preparation and fertilization, seed stratification, field management and overwintering protection. The seedling raising method by cuttage comprises the following steps: dividing a yew branch into a plurality of sections, and using the regeneration capacity to enable the yew branch to carry out rootage and germination, and factors of the age of mother trees, positions of branches, seasons for collection, developmental state of branches, and specification of branches must be simultaneously considered in the cuttage technique. The present invention solves the problems of manual planting methods for yew, and has the advantages of protecting wood species of yew, providing wide material sources for anti-cancer drugs, achieving the goal of wide development and utilization and bringing benefits to human being.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to the kind method for planting of a kind of Chinese yew, belong to cultivation and the cuttage technique field of Chinese yew.
Background technology: Chinese yew has another name called Japanese yew, Zhu Shu, Chi Baisong, is a kind of extremely precious seeds, visible its distribution in forest zone, Yichun, Heilongjiang Province; Yichun Chinese yew material is good, texture is perfectly straight, compact structure, full of elasticity, mechanics temperature height, glossy, fragrance, corrosion resistant is rotten, Yi Baoxiao, reflex action not easy to crack, do not contain rosin, painted japanning bonding property is superior, and especially significant is to extract taxol from Chinese yew, and taxol is widely used as a kind of cancer therapy drug novel, efficient, wide spectrum; But the Chinese yew seeds are a kind of the shielded extremely precious seeds of the country and even the world; never allow the denudation; people are studying, are exploring, are seeking the kind method for planting for the Chinese yew seeds for many years; to reach purpose to its extensive exploitation and utilization; bring benefit to the mankind; up to this point, remain in many problems.
Summary of the invention: for solving artificial planting Chinese yew seeds, reaching to the purpose of its extensive exploitation and utilization, the problem of bringing benefit to the mankind, be foundation, serve as protection Chinese yew seeds, provide raw material sources widely for medical cancer therapy drug with Yichun Chinese yew, through years of researches, exploration, practice and experiment, successfully sum up and solved the problem of artificial planting Chinese yew seeds, solved the cultivation and the cottage method problem of Chinese yew plantation;
One, the cultivation method of Chinese yew: its cultivation method process is as follows
Seed: Chinese yew in late September to the early October seed maturity, when its seed is peony, can gather; Seed is adopted go back to the back and was soaked in water 3～5, smash to pieces skin and flesh (arillus meat) clean dry in the shade after, be stored in indoor shady and cool dry place;
Seedling ground: Chinese yew seedling ground should select that soil layer is deep, short texture, contain many, the well-drained forest soil of humus, and Yichun Hongxing District just belongs to such base, is suitable for growing seedlings; After choosing, carry out site preparation and fertilization again seedling; The seedling ground fertile soil of newly opening can not apply fertilizer; Lao Miao ground must whole good soil, uses sufficient fertilizer, turns over 20～25CM autumn, and spring is shallow again turns over thin rake, when turning over, applies the thin muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and makes the seedbed of high 15～20CM, wide 1.2M, long 10～20M;
Vernalization: the Chinese yew seed belongs to the deep dormancy seed, must carry out vernalization before the sowing and handle; That is adopted has following two kinds of germination hastening methods;
1, next year buries germination hastening method
The Chinese yew seed with 45 ℃ of emerge in worm water 3～4 days, when seed becomes milky white, take out again and sterilize with the copper-bath of 1～2% concentration, be that 60% wet sand is mixed thoroughly with the relative moisture that is equivalent to 3 times of seed volumes again, in pack into straw bag or the wooden case, put into underground cellar for storing things; The cellar for storing things should be chosen in subterranean water level below 2 meters, high-land, well-drained place, store dark 1.2～1.8 meters, be strictly on guard against that mouse enters; In addition, running check cellar for storing things temperature, summer temp must not be above 18～20 ℃; Store that warm Gao Shike establishes cloudy canopy in the above or open Jiao Men cooling at night; Store sth. in a cellar seed in the fall with this method, bury 1 year whole year, took out seed on the 3rd year, tedded 24 days, treats can sow when seed has 20～30% radicle sprouting;
2, survive the winter and bury germination hastening method
This method is suitable for adopting with sowing, and promptly remove kind of a skin with fresh seeds autumn then, and seed soaking sterilization again uses wet sand the bury method identical with next year burying germination hastening method to bury then; Sowed in spring in 1 year and kinds preceding 20～30 days seed to be taken out, place and leewardly ted to Schattenseite, on cover plastic foil and heat, and note watering and keep moistening, treat that part kind shell shake is opened and just can be used for sowing;
Sowing and field management:the sowing time is the annual the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, and seeding quantity is 0.045 kilogram～0.05 kilogram in every square metre of seedbed; To note smooth bed surface during sowing, irritate saturating bed water; Seed rolls suppression at bed surface with wood, and seed is contacted with soil, covers river sand again, and thickness is 2～3 times of kind of grain, covers behind the river sand suppression more once; In the seed sprouting phase, water by the principle of " watering duty less waters ", prevent bird pest; After young horn all sprouted, spray concentration was 1% bordeaux mixture, sprayed once every 7～10 days, sprayed altogether 5～7 times, prevented from that seedling is sudden to fall ill; Corruption, ripe, rare night soil can be executed 3～5 times in the seedbed of life in 2 years, ammonium sulfate 1～2 time, 0.1 kilogram/10M of the each consumption of Liu Suan 2In time wash nursery stock after the sprinkling, in case poisoning takes place with clear water; 6, July potassium application again, improve nursery stock materialization degree;
The protection of surviving the winter: the Chinese yew seedling need be adopted the safeguard measure of surviving the winter, and living seedling all adopted earthing or covered grass and takes precautions against drought in 1～4 year, the Frost's Descent before the Beginning of Winter, with soil nursery stock is covered, thickness of earth covering is crossed seedling 4～6CM slightly, earthing time is too early unsuitable, in order to avoid nursery stock is rotted; Remove anti-dry frozen ground after Clear and Bright, withered for preventing that physiological from appearring in nursery stock, need withdraw from for 2～3 times, should in time water after removing soil.
Two, cuttage and seedling culture method: the Chinese yew branch is divided into plurality of sections, utilizes its regeneration capacity, allow the Chinese yew branch root, cottage method will be considered following factor simultaneously:
Consider that from the age of tree should select treelet, if be veteran, then selecting the branch age is below 8 years as far as possible, rooting rate should reach more than 85%; For survival rate and the stability that guarantees to take root, same branch should be selected its middle part, should select 2～3 years living branch cuttings in periphery by butt or tree middle and lower part; All can adopt the bar cuttage throughout the year, can be with adopting with inserting; Preferably select stiff then stem cutting bar according to the branch development situation, cutting length is 10～15cm, and the cutting end directly is 3～5mm; If cultivating large seedling, its length can reach 50cm, and footpath, the end can reach 15mm; The interior branch of lower end 5～6cm of transplanting a cutting is all cut, and leaf all upwards pulls out; Lower end 5～the 6cm that transplants a cutting cuts above the part more than the 10cm with the side shoot of upper part; The top branch is wiped out with the upper part from the lower cut to 15cm, and it all keeps with the leaf on interior branch and the trunk thereof; By the cutting that above specification shears, tie into wisp for per 30, accomplish that lower cut is neat, upper cut is uneven; In order to guarantee that Chinese yew takes root, the temperature of cuttage should be 18～27 ℃, and relative moisture should be 60～80%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention, advantage and characteristics:
1, the present invention can make the shielded extremely precious Chinese yew seeds of the country and even the world be protected;
2, provide raw material sources, extensive exploitation utilization widely for medical cancer therapy drug and bring benefit to the mankind;
3, can drive large quantities of forest zone masses and build up the family fortunes, benefit the descendants;
4, the inventive method is easy to grasp and implement, and planting effect is good, the survival rate height.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: Yew planting method process sketch map;
Fig. 2: the combined factors figure that cottage method will be considered simultaneously.
Embodiment:
Embodiment one: the cultivation method of Chinese yew
Gather seed: annual early October seed maturity, when it is peony, can gather; Seed is adopted go back to the back and was soaked in water 3～5, smash to pieces arillus meat clean dry in the shade after, be stored in indoor shady and cool dry place;
The grow seedlings selection on ground: Chinese yew seedling ground should select that soil layer is deep, short texture, contain many, the well-drained forest soil of humus; After choosing, carry out site preparation and fertilization again seedling, turn over 20～25CM autumn, spring is shallow again turns over thin rake, when turning over, applies the thin muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and makes the seedbed of high 15～20CM, wide 1.2M, long 10～20M;
Presprouting of seeds: adopt following two kinds of germination hastening methods;
1, next year buries germination hastening method
The Chinese yew seed with 45 ℃ of emerge in worm water 3～4 days, when seed becomes milky white, take out again and sterilize with the copper-bath of 1～2% concentration, be that 60% wet sand is mixed thoroughly with the relative moisture that is equivalent to 3 times of seed volumes again, in pack into straw bag or the wooden case, put into underground cellar for storing things; Store dark 1.2～1.8 meters; Want running check cellar for storing things temperature, summer temp must not be above 18～20 ℃; Store sth. in a cellar seed in the fall with this method, bury 1 year whole year, took out seed on the 3rd year, tedded 24 days, treats can sow when seed has 20～30% radicle sprouting;
2, survive the winter and bury germination hastening method
With adopting, use this method with the sowing period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m; Fresh seeds is removed kind of a skin, and seed soaking sterilization again uses wet sand the bury method identical with next year burying germination hastening method to bury then; Sowed in spring in 1 year and kinds preceding 20～30 days seed to be taken out, place and leewardly ted to Schattenseite, on cover plastic foil and heat, and the maintenance of noting watering is moistening, treats to sow when part kind shell shake is opened;
Sowing and field management:the sowing time is the annual the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, and seeding quantity is 0.045 kilogram～0.05 kilogram in every square metre of seedbed; To note smooth bed surface during sowing, irritate saturating bed water; Seed rolls suppression at bed surface with wood, and seed is contacted with soil, covers river sand again, and thickness is 2～3 times of kind of grain, covers behind the river sand suppression more once; In the seed sprouting phase, water by the principle of " watering duty less waters ", prevent bird pest; After seedling all sprouted, spray concentration was 1% bordeaux mixture, sprayed once every 7～10 days, sprayed altogether 5～7 times, prevented from that seedling is sudden to fall ill; Corruption, ripe, rare night soil can be executed 3～5 times in the seedbed of life in 2 years, ammonium sulfate 1～2 time, 0.1 kilogram/10M of the each consumption of Liu Suan 2In time wash nursery stock after the sprinkling, in case poisoning takes place with clear water; 67 months are potassium application again, improves nursery stock materialization degree;
The protection of surviving the winter: the Chinese yew seedling need be adopted the safeguard measure of surviving the winter, and living seedling all adopted earthing or covered grass and takes precautions against drought in 1～4 year, the Frost's Descent before the Beginning of Winter, with soil nursery stock is covered, thickness of earth covering is crossed seedling 4～6CM slightly, earthing time is too early unsuitable, in order to avoid nursery stock is rotted; Remove anti-dry frozen ground after Clear and Bright, withered for preventing that physiological from appearring in nursery stock, need withdraw from for 2～3 times, should in time water after removing soil.
Embodiment two: the cuttage and seedling culture method of Chinese yew: the Chinese yew branch is divided into plurality of sections, utilizes its regeneration capacity, allow the Chinese yew branch root; Selecting the branch age is below 8 years, and rooting rate should reach more than 85%; Same branch should be selected its middle part, should select 2～3 years living branch cuttings in periphery by butt or tree middle and lower part; All can adopt the bar cuttage throughout the year, can be with adopting with inserting; Preferably select stiff then stem cutting bar according to the branch development situation, cutting length is 10～15cm, and the cutting end directly is 3～5mm; If cultivating large seedling, its length can reach 50cm, and footpath, the end can reach 15mm; Branch in cutting lower end 5～6cm is all cut, and leaf all upwards pulls out; Lower end 5～the 6cm that transplants a cutting cuts above the part more than the 10cm with the side shoot of upper part; The top branch is wiped out with the upper part from the lower cut to 15cm, and it all keeps with the leaf on interior branch and the trunk thereof; By the cutting that above specification shears, tie into wisp for per 30, accomplish that lower cut is neat, upper cut is uneven; In order to guarantee that Chinese yew takes root, the temperature of cuttage should be 18～27 ℃, and relative moisture should be 60～80%.
Claims (1)
1, the kind method for planting of a kind of Chinese yew comprises cultivation method and cottage method, it is characterized in that:
A, cultivation method: comprise seed collection, select to grow seedlings ground, site preparation and fertilization, presprouting of seeds, field management and the protection of surviving the winter
The collection of seed: Chinese yew in late September to the early October seed maturity, when its seed is peony, can gather; Seed is adopted go back to the back and was soaked in water 3～5, smash to pieces skin and flesh (arillus meat) clean dry in the shade after, be stored in indoor shady and cool dry place;
The selection ground of growing seedlings:: Chinese yew seedling ground should select that soil layer is deep, short texture, contain many, the well-drained forest soil of humus, is suitable for growing seedlings;
Site preparation and fertilization: after choosing, carry out site preparation and fertilization again seedling; The seedling ground fertile soil of newly opening can not apply fertilizer; Lao Miao ground must whole good soil, uses sufficient fertilizer, turns over 20～25CM autumn, and spring is shallow again turns over thin rake, when turning over, applies the thin muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and makes the seedbed of high 15～20CM, wide 1.2M, long 10～20M;
Presprouting of seeds: the Chinese yew seed belongs to the deep dormancy seed, must carry out vernalization processing before the sowing, and that is adopted has following two kinds of germination hastening methods;
Next year bury germination hastening method
The Chinese yew seed with 45 ℃ of emerge in worm water 3～4 days, when seed becomes milky white, take out again and sterilize with the copper-bath of 1～2% concentration, be that 60% wet sand is mixed thoroughly with the relative moisture that is equivalent to 3 times of seed volumes again, in pack into straw bag or the wooden case, put into underground cellar for storing things; The cellar for storing things should be chosen in subterranean water level below 2 meters, high-land, well-drained place, store dark 1.2～1.8 meters, be strictly on guard against that mouse enters; In addition, running check cellar for storing things temperature, summer temp must not be above 18～20 ℃; Store that warm Gao Shike establishes cloudy canopy in the above or open Jiao Men cooling at night; Store sth. in a cellar seed in the fall with this method, bury 1 year whole year, took out seed on the 3rd year, tedded 24 days, treats can sow when seed has 20～30% radicle sprouting;
Survive the winter and bury germination hastening method
This method is suitable for adopting with sowing, and promptly remove kind of a skin with fresh seeds autumn then, and seed soaking sterilization again uses wet sand the bury method identical with next year burying germination hastening method to bury then; Sowed in spring in 1 year and kinds preceding 20～30 days seed to be taken out, place and leewardly ted to Schattenseite, on cover plastic foil and heat, and note watering and keep moistening, treat that part kind shell shake is opened and just can be used for sowing;
Sowing and field management:the sowing time is the annual the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, and seeding quantity is 0.045 kilogram～0.05 kilogram in every square metre of seedbed; To note smooth bed surface during sowing, irritate saturating bed water; Seed rolls suppression at bed surface with wood, and seed is contacted with soil, covers river sand again, and thickness is 2～3 times of kind of grain, covers behind the river sand suppression more once; In the seed sprouting phase, water by the principle of " watering duty less waters ", prevent bird pest; After seedling all sprouted, spray concentration was 1% bordeaux mixture, sprayed once every 7～10 days, sprayed altogether 5～7 times, prevented from that seedling is sudden to fall ill; Corruption, ripe, rare night soil can be executed 3～5 times in the seedbed of life in 2 years, ammonium sulfate 1～2 time, 0.1 kilogram/10M of the each consumption of Liu Suan 2In time wash nursery stock after the sprinkling, in case poisoning takes place with clear water; 6, July potassium application again, improve nursery stock materialization degree;
The protection of surviving the winter: the Chinese yew seedling need be adopted the safeguard measure of surviving the winter, and living seedling all adopted earthing or covered grass and takes precautions against drought in 1～4 year, the Frost's Descent before the Beginning of Winter, with soil nursery stock is covered, thickness of earth covering is crossed seedling 4～6CM slightly, earthing time is too early unsuitable, in order to avoid nursery stock is rotted; Remove anti-dry frozen ground after Clear and Bright, withered for preventing that physiological from appearring in nursery stock, need withdraw from for 2～3 times, should in time water after removing soil;
B, cottage method: the Chinese yew branch is divided into plurality of sections, utilize its regeneration capacity, allow the Chinese yew branch root, cottage method will be considered following factor simultaneously: promptly: elite stand age, branch position, collection season, branch development situation and branch specification, consider from the age of tree, should select treelet, as far as possible if be veteran, then selecting the branch age is below 8 years, and rooting rate should reach more than 85%; For survival rate and the stability that guarantees to take root, same branch should be selected its middle part, should select 2～3 years living branch cuttings in periphery by butt or tree middle and lower part; All can adopt the bar cuttage throughout the year, can be with adopting with inserting; Preferably select stiff then stem cutting bar according to the branch development situation, cutting length is 10～15cm, and the cutting end directly is 3～5mm; If cultivating large seedling, its length can reach 50cm, and footpath, the end can reach 15mm; The interior branch of lower end 5～6cm of transplanting a cutting is all cut, and leaf all upwards pulls out; Lower end 5～the 6cm that transplants a cutting cuts above the part more than the 10cm with the side shoot of upper part; The top branch is wiped out with the upper part from the lower cut to 15cm, and it all keeps with the leaf on interior branch and the trunk thereof; By the cutting that above specification shears, tie into wisp for per 30, accomplish that lower cut is neat, upper cut is uneven; In order to guarantee that Chinese yew takes root, the temperature of cuttage should be 18～27 ℃, and relative moisture should be 60～80%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB200410043959XA CN1317940C (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2004-10-21 | Method for planting Chinese yew |
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| CNB200410043959XA CN1317940C (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2004-10-21 | Method for planting Chinese yew |
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| CN1317940C true CN1317940C (en) | 2007-05-30 |
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| CNB200410043959XA Expired - Fee Related CN1317940C (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2004-10-21 | Method for planting Chinese yew |
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| CN100384317C (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2008-04-30 | 林敏� | Method for planting southerm yew |
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| CN103477856A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-01 | 中南林业科技大学 | Taxus mairei planting method |
| CN104322230A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2015-02-04 | 黎观祥 | Manual cultivation method of Chinese yew |
| CN103636393A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-19 | 周丽连 | Cultivation method of taxus chinensis |
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| CN105123380A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-12-09 | 邹小龙 | Chinese yew breeding method for improving paclitaxel content of Chinese yew |
| CN105028100A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-11-11 | 陈容军 | Seedling culturing and planting method for taxus chinensis |
| CN106747856A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-31 | 李其珍 | A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich Chinese yew |
| CN105917936B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2018-12-04 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of China fir Light media cuttage vessel seeding cultivating method |
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| CN107996248A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-08 | 浙江里光农业开发有限公司 | A kind of metasequoia method for cultivating seeds that can improve metasequoia survival rate |
| CN109429614A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-08 | 马步华 | A method of improving Taxus chinensis var. mairei Seeds vigor |
| CN111602550A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-09-01 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Artificial seedling raising method using taxus chinensis seeds |
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| CN1442036A (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2003-09-17 | 红豆集团有限公司 | Artificial culturing method of Chinese yew |
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| CN1442036A (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2003-09-17 | 红豆集团有限公司 | Artificial culturing method of Chinese yew |
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