CN101663946B - Cuttage breeding method of taxus chinensis in northeast - Google Patents
Cuttage breeding method of taxus chinensis in northeast Download PDFInfo
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- CN101663946B CN101663946B CN2009101876939A CN200910187693A CN101663946B CN 101663946 B CN101663946 B CN 101663946B CN 2009101876939 A CN2009101876939 A CN 2009101876939A CN 200910187693 A CN200910187693 A CN 200910187693A CN 101663946 B CN101663946 B CN 101663946B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cuttage breeding method of taxus chinensis in northeast, comprising the following steps: selecting a one-year-old branch as a branch for cuttage; concealing the branch at a shade place, and carrying the branch to a destination after the branch is packaged by a plastic bag; retaining 1-2 leaves on the upper end of each nursery stock stalk when shearing a seedling, shearing the parts longer than 3cm of the retained leaves, and also shearing leaves inserted into the stalk positioned in the middle of a seedling bed; disinfecting a land before the cuttage so as to reducerhizoctonia solani kuhn, and carrying out the cuttage from the middle ten days of October to the first ten days of November or from February to March; using a light shielding net of 80 percent to shield light without directly shining with the sun during the daily management of the seedling; controlling the soil water content at 35-45 percent; and paying attention to the water drainage of the seedling in rainy days and intertillage weed control in ordinary days, and preventing and curing diseases of the seedling in time by chemical agents. By adopting the cuttage breeding method, the taxus chinensis in northeast has high survival rate, fast breeding cultivation and high disease resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to a kind of artificial cuttage breeding method of taxus chinensis in northeast particularly.
Background technology
Taxus chinensis in northeast has another name called Japanese yew, can extract taxol from the taxus chinensis in northeast plant, and taxol has unique mechanism and significant anti-cancer activity, has caused the concern of Chinese scholars.Chinese scholar has been extracted 9 kinds of compounds such as taxol from taxus chinensis in northeast, illustrate that taxus chinensis in northeast has the excellent development prospect.
At present, from the taxus chinensis in northeast area, its pure forest is rarely found, and in the how scattered extra dry red wine pine broad-leaved mixed forest, and distribution is more and more littler, and current being in faced the condition of extinction frequently.Taxus chinensis in northeast resource reason in imminent danger mainly contains: the one, and, the artificial destruction factor.The taxus chinensis in northeast material is good, can supply usefulness such as interior decoration, boxboard, musical instrument, noble furniture, engraving.Also can extract pigment and medicinal, be precious from head to foot.Yet owing to do not work out protective measure for a long time, people just carry out destructive felling utilization to it, make that the taxus chinensis in northeast resource is precarious to endanger.The artificial destruction factor is a taxus chinensis in northeast resource main cause in imminent danger.The 2nd,, the reproductive biology factor.Taxus chinensis in northeast is a dioecism, and the collocation of natural male and female is unreasonable, and they will lean on wind, insect, even some black beasts are waited and pollinate; The solid biennial bearing phenomenon that exists of taxus chinensis in northeast could be had a good harvest once every 2-3; Taxus chinensis in northeast seed kind skin is little sweet edible, and some animal happiness food taxus chinensis in northeast kind is real; Therefore reduced the propagating materials of natural regeneration.In addition, the seed of taxus chinensis in northeast belongs to the physiological dormancy type, and its seed needs could sprout through one summer of two winters under natural condition, in this very long time, makes that more seed number further reduces.In addition, the big tree that taxus chinensis in northeast is set seeds is rare, and seed is more in great shortage.The 3rd,, ecological factor.Taxus chinensis in northeast is to strict (as the humidity at 0.7 well-grown when above) of environmental condition, and natural forest suffers large-arealy to destroy repeatedly now, and the standing forest that is fit to the taxus chinensis in northeast growth is fewer and feweri.
Therefore, press for a kind of artificial cultivation technique, cultivate this endangered plants in a large number, the possibility of avoiding taxus chinensis in northeast to be become extinct.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of survival rate height, but the fast breeding cultivation, the cuttage breeding method of the artificial cultivation taxus chinensis in northeast that disease resistance is strong.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of cuttage breeding method of taxus chinensis in northeast is as follows:
(1) selects branches for cuttage
Select life in 1 year, length greater than 10 centimetres branch as branches for cuttage;
(2) branch preservation and the transportation resources used of cuttage
1) cuts the branch of adopting and to hide and be placed on shady and cool place, and keep the humidity of branches and leaves, must not be exposed to the sun and air-dry;
2) preceding branch is placed in the clear water of transportation and packing soaked, and picks up immediately, gently trembles the water droplet on the branch;
3) branch adopts plastic bag packaging, and tightens sack, is no more than 5 days from envelope to being transported to the destination;
4) transport to the destination after, separate opened mouth immediately, take out branch, stand up in the cool, and water spray, water simultaneously to hide and put ground, place;
(3) cut seedling and specification
1) nursery stock is divided seedling and two kinds of specifications of seedlings, and branch length 10cm-15cm is a seedling, and branch length 15cm-20cm is seedlings;
2) directly distinguish specification with the branch bar, 0.2cm-0.4cm is a seedling, and 0.5cm-1.0cm is seedlings;
3) after specification was determined, every young plant rod stem upper end stayed 1-2 to open blade when cutting seedling, continues to employ blade and partly wipes out above 3cm, wipes out cuttage blade on the position bar stem in the seedbed simultaneously;
(4), before cuttage, be soaked in the root-growing agent with the nursery stock that shears;
(5) disinfection soil
Because rhizoctonia solani is mainly derived from soil, so utilize chemical method that soil is handled: in alkaline soils, per hectare is executed ferrous sulfate powder 225-300 kilogram before the sowing; Or in acid ground, per hectare is executed quicklime 300-375 kilogram before the sowing; Or, carry out disinfection with formalin, every square metre with 50 milliliters of 40% formalin, adds water 6-12 liter, was sprinkled upon on the soil in 10 days prior to seeding, and covers with straw bag, threw off covering in 3-4 days before broadcasting, and plants seedling then;
(6) nursery stock cuttage
1) cutting time: mid-October-early November or February-March;
2) the cuttage degree of depth: insert in the matrix in seedbed by 50% of nursery stock specification length; Described matrix is perlite and the wooden sawdust of broad-leaved;
3) cutting density: seedling is 2cm * 5cm, and seedlings are 5cm * 8cm;
4) after has inserted in every ridge seedbed, irrigate water for the first time;
(7) nursery stock daily management
1) the cuttage nursery stock must not directly be shone by the sun, must be with 80% sunshade net sunshade;
2) the control soil moisture content is 35～45%;
3) the control seedling bed temperature is at 18 ℃～35 ℃, and it is aeration-cooling to look feelings;
4) rainy day is noted the seedbed draining, note intertill and clean tillage on ordinary days, nursery stock morbidity will in time prevent and treat with chemical agent: for the seedling damping off, per hectare applies black-white-gray 1500-2250 kilogram, and described black-white-gray is: be 3～5: 1 bavin ash and lime mixture by weight; Or the fenaminosulf with 65% after every square metre 1～3 gram is mixed thoroughly with thin yellow soil, is spread on the nursery stock neck; For the damping-off of seedling, in time loosen the soil; Or, to fry dried the grinding with 2% ferrous sulfate and mix thoroughly with thin dry ground, per hectare is spread the 1500-2250 kilogram; Or, use 65% fenaminosulf, every square metre 4 restrains, and after mixing thoroughly with thin yellow soil, is spread on the nursery stock neck, loosens the soil 1 time again.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in branch preservation and the transportation, before transportation and packing, branch is placed in the clear water soaks, and pick up the water droplet of gently trembling on the branch immediately, purpose is humidity and the freshness for branch in the middle of guaranteeing to transport.When branch was repaired, upper end, every young plant rod footpath stayed 1-2 to open blade, continued to employ blade and surpassed 3cm and partly wipe out, and wiped out cuttage blade on the position bar footpath in the seedbed simultaneously, helped suction growth after the cuttage like this.During the nursery stock cuttage, the matrix in seedbed is perlite and the wooden saw foam of broad-leaved mixture, and pH value is 5～6, and this matrix helps insulation suction, permeable, ventilation, and germ is few, and it is fast to take root.Before the Nursery stock transplanting cultivation,, effectively prevented the generation of Chinese yew damping off at first to disinfecting soil.In alkaline soils, per hectare is executed the ferrous sulfate powder before the sowing, can diseases prevention, and can increase ferro element in the soil again and change the pH value of soil, make the seedling growth stalwartness.In acid ground, per hectare is executed quicklime 300-375 kilogram before the sowing, can suppress the germ in the soil and promote plant residue to rot.In the daily management of nursery stock, for the seedling damping off, because of how in the rainy day morbidity, the spray molten easy loss of bordeaux mixture and produce poisoning, thereby the present invention adopts black-white-gray, or be spread on the nursery stock neck after mixing thoroughly with fenaminosulf and thin yellow soil, the inhibition disease spreads.For the damping-off of seedling, in time loosen the soil, seedling root is grown well, strengthen the nursery stock disease resistance, fry to do to grind with 2% ferrous sulfate and mix thoroughly, or 65% fenaminosulf is with after carefully yellow soil is mixed thoroughly with thin dry ground, be spread on the nursery stock neck, loosen the soil again 1 time, medicament is contacted with the nursery stock root, can suppress the disease expansion.
Through practice for many years, by method cutting propagation taxus chinensis in northeast of the present invention, shortened the time of natural breeding greatly, the nursery stock cuttage is taken root in 50 days substantially, can transplant plantation after 120 days.Owing to before the cuttage,, prevented that effectively the soil of rhizoctonia solani from propagating to disinfecting soil, make the survival rate of nursery stock can reach more than 95%, Cheng Miao only needs 4 months, therefore can enlarge planting scale in a short time rapidly.Plantation seedling 4 years-5 years branches and leaves of can gathering, plantation seedlings branches and leaves of can gathering in 3 years.
Embodiment
A kind of cuttage breeding method of taxus chinensis in northeast, method is as follows:
(1) selects branches for cuttage
The branch of selecting cuttage to use must be selected the branch of life in 1 year, takes root the survival rate height easily.Otherwise, not take root, survival rate is low.Branch length is not limit, and generally gets final product more than 10cm.
(2) branch preservation and the transportation resources used of cuttage
1) cuts the branch of adopting and to hide and be placed on shady and cool place, and keep the humidity of branches and leaves, must not be exposed to the sun and air-dry;
2) preceding branch is placed in the clear water of transportation and packing soaked, and picks up immediately, gently trembles the water droplet on the branch; Purpose is in order to guarantee to transport the humidity and the freshness of central branch.
3) branch adopts plastic bag packaging, and general employing can be adorned the plastic sack of 10-15 kilogram, and tightens sack, is no more than 5 days from envelope to being transported to the destination, could guarantee not influence the cuttage quality.But quantity is difficult for too much during pack, otherwise can cause heating in transit, influences the branch quality.In carton the time is packed plastic sack in transportation again in order to avoid damage by pressure and weigh branch wounded.
4) transport to the destination after, separate opened mouth immediately, take out branch, stand up in the cool, and water spray, water simultaneously to hide and put ground, place, to increase humidity, should also be noted that and hide suitably ventilation of the place of putting.
(3) cut seedling and specification
1) nursery stock is divided seedling and two kinds of specifications of seedlings, and branch length 10cm-15cm is a seedling, and branch length 15cm-20cm is seedlings; The length overlength can influence cuttage survival rate.
2) directly distinguish specification with the branch bar, 0.2cm-0.4cm is a seedling, and 0.5cm-1.0cm is seedlings.
3) after specification was determined, every young plant rod stem upper end stayed 1-2 to open blade when cutting seedling, continues to employ blade and partly wipes out above 3cm, wipes out cuttage blade on the position bar stem in the seedbed simultaneously, so that suction growth after the cuttage.
(4), before cuttage, be soaked in the root-growing agent with the nursery stock that shears;
(5) disinfection soil
The Chinese yew damping off claims the seedling damping off again.After being ill, fall and withered the dead claims damping off, the person that extremely and not falls claims damping off, according to the pests occurrence rule of seedling damping off, should take the comprehensive preventive health measures based on seedling growing process.Because rhizoctonia solani is mainly derived from soil, so utilize chemical method to disinfecting soil: in alkaline soils, per hectare is executed ferrous sulfate powder 225-300 kilogram before the sowing, can diseases prevention, can increase ferro element and the pH value that changes soil in the soil again, make the seedling growth stalwartness.In acid ground, per hectare is executed quicklime 300-375 kilogram before the sowing, can suppress the germ in the soil and promote plant residue to rot.Can also carry out disinfection with formalin, its using method is: every square metre with 50 milliliters of 40% formalin, adds water 6-12 liter, was sprinkled upon on the soil in 10 days prior to seeding, and covers with straw bag, threw off covering in 3-4 days before broadcasting, and plants seedling then.
(6) nursery stock cuttage
1) cutting time: mid-October-early November or February-March;
2) breeding fast: according to the growth rhythm and the northeast temperature feature of taxus chinensis in northeast, with the farmyard manure dilution water nursery stock is poured into fully before freezing, 1 year spring carried out manuring irrigation one time, guaranteed the natural habit of Chinese yew; 1, cutting time: mid-October-early November and February-March.
3) the cuttage degree of depth: insert in the matrix in seedbed by 50% of nursery stock specification length; Matrix is perlite and the wooden sawdust of broad-leaved, and pH value is 5.5, help insulation suction, permeable, ventilation, and germ is few, and it is fast to take root.
4) cutting density: seedling is 2cm * 5cm, and seedlings are 5cm * 8cm;
5) after has inserted in every ridge seedbed, irrigate water for the first time;
(7) nursery stock daily management
1) the cuttage nursery stock must not directly be shone by the sun, must be with 80% sunshade net sunshade;
2) the control soil moisture content is 35～45%; Look the feelings water spray.
3) the control seedling bed temperature is at 18 ℃～35 ℃, and it is aeration-cooling to look feelings;
4) rainy day is noted the seedbed draining, and long-term ponding causes mashed root easily, and looks the feelings disinfection and control worm.Strengthen nursery bed management, the reason fertilising, transplant in good time on careful whole ground, and intertill and clean tillage is noted in irrigation and drainage in time on ordinary days, enhances field management.Help seedling growth like this, prevent that the damping off evil from taking place.The nursery stock morbidity will in time prevent and treat with chemical agent: for the seedling damping off, per hectare applies black-white-gray 1500-2250 kilogram, and black-white-gray is: the bavin ash and the lime mixture that are 4: 1 by weight.Or the fenaminosulf with 65% after every square metre 2 gram is mixed thoroughly with thin yellow soil, is spread on the nursery stock neck, suppresses disease and spreads.For the damping-off of seedling, in time loosen the soil, seedling root is grown well, strengthen the nursery stock disease resistance, also available 2% ferrous sulfate is fried to do to grind with thin dry ground and is mixed thoroughly, and per hectare is spread the 1500-2250 kilogram, or uses 65% fenaminosulf, every square metre 4 gram, after mixing thoroughly with thin yellow soil, be spread on the nursery stock neck, loosen the soil again 1 time, medicament is contacted with the nursery stock root, can suppress the disease expansion.
Claims (1)
1. the cuttage breeding method of a taxus chinensis in northeast is characterized in that method is as follows:
(1) selects branches for cuttage
Select life in 1 year, length greater than 10 centimetres branch as branches for cuttage;
(2) branch preservation and the transportation resources used of cuttage
1) cuts the branch of adopting and to hide and be placed on shady and cool place, and keep the humidity of branches and leaves, must not be exposed to the sun and air-dry;
2) preceding branch is placed in the clear water of transportation and packing soaked, and picks up immediately, gently trembles the water droplet on the branch;
3) branch adopts plastic bag packaging, and tightens sack, is no more than 5 days from envelope to being transported to the destination;
4) transport to the destination after, separate opened mouth immediately, take out branch, stand up in the cool, and water spray, water simultaneously to hide and put ground, place;
(3) cut seedling and specification
1) nursery stock is divided seedling and two kinds of specifications of seedlings, and branch length 10cm-15cm is a seedling, and branch length 15cm-20cm is seedlings;
2) directly distinguish specification with the branch bar, 0.2cm-0.4cm is a seedling, and 0.5cm-1.0cm is seedlings;
3) after specification was determined, every young plant rod stem upper end stayed 1-2 to open blade when cutting seedling, continues to employ blade and partly wipes out above 3cm, wipes out cuttage blade on the position bar stem in the seedbed simultaneously;
(4), before cuttage, be soaked in the root-growing agent with the nursery stock that shears;
(5) disinfection soil
Because rhizoctonia solani is mainly derived from soil, so utilize chemical method that soil is handled: in alkaline soils, per hectare is executed ferrous sulfate powder 225-300 kilogram before the sowing; Or in acid ground, per hectare is executed quicklime 300-375 kilogram before the sowing; Or, carry out disinfection with formalin, every square metre with 50 milliliters of 40% formalin, adds water 6-12 liter, was sprinkled upon on the soil in 10 days prior to seeding, and covers with straw bag, threw off covering in 3-4 days before broadcasting, and plants seedling then;
(6) nursery stock cuttage
1) cutting time: mid-October-early November or February-March;
2) the cuttage degree of depth: insert in the matrix in seedbed by 50% of nursery stock specification length; Described matrix is perlite and the wooden sawdust of broad-leaved;
3) cutting density: seedling is 2cm * 5cm, and seedlings are 5cm * 8cm;
4) after has inserted in every ridge seedbed, irrigate water for the first time;
(7) nursery stock daily management
1) the cuttage nursery stock must not directly be shone by the sun, must be with 80% sunshade net sunshade;
2) the control soil moisture content is 35～45%;
3) the control seedling bed temperature is at 18 ℃～35 ℃, and it is aeration-cooling to look feelings;
4) rainy day is noted the seedbed draining, note intertill and clean tillage on ordinary days, nursery stock morbidity will in time prevent and treat with chemical agent: for the seedling damping off, per hectare applies black-white-gray 1500-2250 kilogram, and described black-white-gray is: be 3～5: 1 bavin ash and lime mixture by weight; Or the fenaminosulf with 65% after every square metre 1～3 gram is mixed thoroughly with thin yellow soil, is spread on the nursery stock neck; For the damping-off of seedling, in time loosen the soil; Or, to fry dried the grinding with 2% ferrous sulfate and mix thoroughly with thin dry ground, per hectare is spread the 1500-2250 kilogram; Or, use 65% fenaminosulf, every square metre 4 restrains, and after mixing thoroughly with thin yellow soil, is spread on the nursery stock neck, loosens the soil 1 time again.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102792831B (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2015-07-15 | 汉中隆康生物科技开发有限公司 | High-efficiency rapid propagation technique for Chinese yew |
| CN102356723A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2012-02-22 | 李俊平 | Seedling cultivating method of yew tree |
| CN102726202B (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2014-01-08 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Method for rapidly propagating taxus chinensis seedlings |
| CN103109666A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-22 | 江西省喜果绿化有限公司 | Chinese yew dry-bed cutting seedling method |
| CN103749102A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-04-30 | 四川农业大学 | Cutting nursery test method for Taxus media |
| CN104322230A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2015-02-04 | 黎观祥 | Manual cultivation method of Chinese yew |
| JP6015646B2 (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2016-10-26 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Iron ion supply material |
| CN105766522B (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2018-12-21 | 广西生态工程职业技术学院 | A kind of processing method preventing and treating China Fir Seedling samping off |
| CN105830887A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 德清绿色阳光农业生态有限公司 | Eurya emarginata cuttage breeding method |
| CN108541497A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-18 | 上海市药材有限公司 | A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis |
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