CN110612887A - Composite cutting medium, cutting medium for rosaceous plants and preparation method of cutting medium - Google Patents
Composite cutting medium, cutting medium for rosaceous plants and preparation method of cutting medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN110612887A CN110612887A CN201911040655.0A CN201911040655A CN110612887A CN 110612887 A CN110612887 A CN 110612887A CN 201911040655 A CN201911040655 A CN 201911040655A CN 110612887 A CN110612887 A CN 110612887A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
Abstract
The application provides a composite cutting medium, a cutting medium for rosaceous plants and a preparation method of the cutting medium, and belongs to the technical field of culture media for rosaceous plants. The preparation method of the cutting substrate for rosaceous plants comprises the following steps: mixing the crushed peach trees with a nitrogen fertilizer to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of C in the peach trees to N in the nitrogen fertilizer is (20-25): 1. controlling the water content of the mixture to be 40-55%, mixing the mixture with a microorganism decomposing agent, performing stack retting fermentation, turning the stack, decomposing and drying after the stack retting temperature reaches above 55 ℃; wherein the microbial decomposing agent accounts for 0.1-4% of the stack retting weight. The cutting substrate for rosaceous plants obtained by the method can well cut the rosaceous plants and improve the cutting survival rate of the rosaceous plants.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of culture mediums for rosaceous plants, in particular to a composite cutting medium, a cutting medium for rosaceous plants and a preparation method of the cutting medium.
Background
China rose belongs to the Rosaceae family, and is a plant which can be used as an ornamental plant and a medicinal plant. The Chinese rose is a main ornamental flower in spring, has long flowering phase, high ornamental value and low price, and is popular with gardens in various places. The China rose is mainly bred by cuttage and is assisted by seeding, tissue culture and the like.
When the Chinese rose is cut, the survival rate of the Chinese rose can be improved only by using a proper cutting medium. In the prior art, no special cutting medium aiming at rosaceous plants such as Chinese rose exists, and the cutting survival rate of the Chinese rose is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a composite cutting medium, a cutting medium for rosaceous plants and a preparation method thereof, which can well cut the rosaceous plants and improve the cutting survival rate of the rosaceous plants.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a cutting medium for rosaceous plants, including: mixing the crushed peach trees with a nitrogen fertilizer to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the C element in the peach tree to the N element in the nitrogen fertilizer is (20-25): 1. controlling the water content of the mixture to be 40-55%, mixing the mixture with a microorganism decomposing agent, performing stack retting fermentation, turning the stack, decomposing and drying after the stack retting temperature reaches above 55 ℃; wherein the microbial decomposing agent accounts for 0.1-4% of the stack retting weight.
The main raw material of the cutting matrix for rosaceous plants is peach trees, belongs to the rosaceous plants, and is used as the cutting matrix, organic matters and other nutrients for growth of the rosaceous plants are enriched in the cutting matrix, rooting of the rosaceous plants can be promoted, and the cutting survival rate of the rosaceous plants is improved. Firstly, mixing the crushed peach trees with a nitrogen fertilizer, mixing a microorganism decomposing agent with the crushed peach trees under the condition of controlling the water content, and then composting to decompose organic matters and other nutrients in the peach trees into substances easy to absorb so as to facilitate the absorption of cutting branches and improve the survival rate of the cutting branches of rosaceous plants.
In one possible embodiment, the microbial decomposing agent includes fungi and enzymes. The fermentation time and the fermentation temperature of the peach trees rich in the lignin difficult to decompose can be greatly reduced, so that organic matters and various nutrient components in the peach trees are converted into components which can be easily absorbed by cutting branches.
In one possible embodiment, the fungi include one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida tropicalis, Pichia farinosa, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Streptomyces albidoflavus, Streptomyces griseus, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus glaucosus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus broomcorn, Streptomyces violaceus, Pleurospora thermophilus, Geotrichum candidum, Streptomyces glaucopiae, Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces lividans, Mucor circinelloides, Pseudomonas flavivis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Actinomyces. The enzymes include one or more of cellulase, ligninase, lipase, protease and pectinase. Has better rotten effect on peach trees.
In a possible embodiment, the retting period lasts 30-90 days. The rotten effect is better, and more useful ingredients can be converted into nutrient ingredients which can be easily absorbed by the rosaceous cutting branches.
In one possible embodiment, the peach tree includes one or more of peach branches, peach leaves, and peach fruits. The raw material source is wide, and the rosaceous cutting branches contain a large amount of nutrient components which are easy to absorb.
In one possible embodiment, the particle size of the pulverized peach tree is 0.5cm or less. The particle size is smaller, so that the rotten effect of the peach trees is better.
In one possible embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonia, liquid ammonia, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate. The price is economical and practical, and the urea is used for promoting the decomposition of the peach trees.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a cutting medium for rosaceous plants, which is prepared by the above method for preparing the cutting medium for rosaceous plants.
The nutrient components in the cutting substrate for rosaceous plants are easy to absorb by the cutting branches for rosaceous plants, so that the cutting branches can root and the survival rate of the cutting branches for rosaceous plants is improved.
In a third aspect, the embodiment of the application provides a compound cutting substrate for rosaceous plants, which comprises, by weight, 30-70 parts of the cutting substrate for rosaceous plants, 20-60 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of quartz sand, 0.1-0.4 part of polyacrylamide, 0.05-0.15 part of potassium phosphite, 0.05-0.15 part of carbendazim and 0.1-1.0 part of disease-preventing, insect-resisting and growth-promoting microbial agent.
The addition of the cutting medium for rosaceous plants can provide various organic matters and nutrients required by growth of rosaceous plants for rosaceous cutting branches, and after the cutting medium is matched with humic acid, the cutting branches can be promoted to take root, so that the cutting branches can grow rapidly. The addition of the quartz sand can loosen the soil gap structure, so that the rosaceous plants can be ventilated and permeated in the growth process; the function of the polyacrylamide is mainly water retention and fertilizer retention; the addition of potassium phosphite is beneficial to the rosaceous plants to start a disease-resistant defense mechanism and improve the disease-resistant capability of the rosaceous plants; the addition of the carbendazim is beneficial to relieving the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests; the addition of the disease-preventing insect-resisting growth-promoting microbial agent is beneficial to the activation of various nutrients in the matrix and the biological inhibition of the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.
The rosaceous composite cutting medium has a good agglomerate structure, is moderate in looseness, good in permeability, neutral in pH value, water-air-harmonized and has water and fertilizer retention performance; and is rich in organic matters, humic acid, mineral nutrients, enzymes and phytohormones. The method can avoid harmful phenomena of airtight and rotten roots, insufficient water retention, insufficient nutrients, easy loss, easy generation of diseases, insect pests and bacterial damage and the like of the rosaceous plants in the growth process, after the rosaceous plants are cultivated, the roots of the rosaceous plants are more developed, the roots are fast, the roots are more, the stems are thicker, the survival rate is higher, no diseases and insect pests are generated, the buds are more, the flower colors are more gorgeous, the flowering phase is longer, the capacity of resisting the external environment is stronger, and the method is suitable for cuttage popularization and large-area use of the rosaceous plants.
In one possible embodiment, the disease-preventing, insect-resisting and growth-promoting microbial agent comprises one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, purple lilac spore bacillus, trichoderma harzianum, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, paenibacillus polymyxa, verticillium postsporum, bacillus pumilus, bacillus laterosporus, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria. Can improve the disease and insect resistance of Rosaceae plants and promote the growth of Rosaceae plants.
In one possible embodiment, the moisture content of the composite cutting substrate is 25-30%, and the mass ratio of the C element to the N element is (20-25): maintaining at 1, 60 deg.C for 5-12 days, wherein the organic matter content is 40-70%, nitrogen content is 0.001-8.0%, phosphorus content is 0.001-8%, potassium content is 0.001-8%, and pH value is 5.5-8.5.
Is beneficial to the rooting and growth of rosaceous plants and improves the cutting survival rate of rosaceous branches.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Common Rosaceae plants include apple, pear, peach, rose, Chinese rose, etc. Wherein, the apples, the pears and the peaches are most arbors; roses and roses are mostly shrubs. The growth of shrubs such as roses and Chinese roses is mostly carried out in a cutting mode, and in the cutting process, cutting branches are usually inserted into a cutting medium to root and sprout. The inventor finds that the survival rate of the cuttage branches is low when the China rose branches are subjected to cuttage by using the existing cuttage matrix.
Therefore, the inventor prepares a new cutting substrate for rosaceous plants, can improve the survival rate of cutting branches of the rosaceous plants, is beneficial to the rooting of the cutting branches, and can enable the rosaceous plants to grow better. The inventor carefully researches and discovers that the obtained cutting substrate can promote the rooting of rosaceous cutting branches and promote the growth of the cutting branches by using peach trees as raw materials in a plurality of waste branches and leaves.
The preparation method of the cutting substrate for rosaceous plants comprises the following steps:
among them, it should be noted that: the rosaceous plants planted by cutting are mostly rosa chinensis, roses and the like. Of course, the rosaceous plants are not limited to the two rosaceous plants, and any rosaceous plant that can be planted by cutting belongs to the scope of protection of the present application. Hereinafter, the case where the Rosaceae plant is a rose will be described.
And S10, crushing the peach trees. Optionally, during the crushing, coarse crushing is performed firstly, and then fine crushing is performed, wherein the particle size of the peach branches after coarse crushing is less than 5cm, and the particle size of the peach branches after fine crushing is less than 0.5cm, so that the crushing effect is better, and the composting is performed later.
Wherein the peach tree comprises one or more of peach branches, peach leaves and peach fruits. For example: the peach tree can be a peach branch, the peach tree can be a peach branch and a peach leaf, and the peach tree can be a peach branch, a peach leaf and a peach fruit. The following description will be given taking a peach tree as a peach branch (hereinafter, simply referred to as "peach branch") as an example.
The growth of the peach trees has low environmental requirements, the peach trees grow in both the north and the south, and branches of the peach trees need to be trimmed in order to improve the yield of the peach trees. In the prior art, the pruned peach branches are usually burnt, so that the environment is polluted. In this application, use the peach branch to carry out the use of cuttage matrix, can carry out waste utilization, and can make the cost reduction of cuttage matrix.
Peach trees are planted nationwide, so that the materials can be conveniently obtained, and peach branches in the north are used for planting roses in the north after cuttage matrixes are prepared; and after the peach branches in the south are subjected to cuttage matrix preparation, the peach branches are used for planting the Chinese roses in the south. The transportation of raw materials can be facilitated, and the manufacturing cost of the cuttage matrix is saved.
Alternatively, pruning peach branches is usually done in winter and summer, i.e. pruning leaves after falling in winter and pruning when the leaves are luxuriant in summer. And drying the pruned peach branches in the sun, and then crushing to obtain the peach branch wood chips. The peach branches are dried in the sun, so that the crushing of the peach branches is convenient, the peach branches can be mixed with nitrogen fertilizer in the subsequent process, and the composting effect of the peach branches is better.
S20, mixing the crushed peach trees with a nitrogen fertilizer to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the C element in the peach tree to the N element in the nitrogen fertilizer is (20-25): 1. the addition of the nitrogen fertilizer can ensure that the rotten effect of the peach branches is better, the rotten time is short, the rotten efficiency is high, and more nutritional ingredients in the peach branches can be converted into ingredients which can be easily absorbed by the cutting branches of the Chinese roses. Optionally, the mass ratio of the C element in the peach tree to the N element in the nitrogen fertilizer may be 20:1, 21:1, 22:1, 23:1, 24:1, or 25: 1.
Alternatively, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea (CO (NH)2)2) Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH)4HCO3) Ammonium sulfate { (NH)4)2SO4Ammonium chloride (NH)4Cl), ammonia (NH)3·H2O), liquid ammonia (NH)3) Sodium nitrate (NaNO)3) Calcium nitrate { Ca (NO) }3)2Ammonium Nitrate (NH)4NO3) One or more of them. If the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the rotten effect of the peach branches can be better. For example: the mass ratio of the C element in the peach branches to the N element in the urea can be 20:1, 21:1, 22:1, 23:1, 24:1 or 25: 1.
S30, controlling the water content of the mixture to 40-55%, mixing with a microorganism decomposing agent, composting and fermenting, turning over the stack, decomposing and drying when the composting temperature reaches above 55 ℃. Wherein the microbial decomposing agent accounts for 0.1-4% of the stack retting weight.
Optionally, the mixture is wetted by spraying water on the surface of the mixture, and the water content of the mixture can be 40-55% so as to decompose. For example: the water content of the mixture is 40%, 45%, 50% or 55%.
The addition of the microbial decomposing agent can be carried out when water is added, or after the water is added, the addition of the microbial decomposing agent can be carried out for the subsequent composting. Wherein the microbial decomposing agent is 0.1%, 1%, 2%, 3% or 4% of the stack retting weight.
The addition amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, the control of the water content and the addition amount of the microorganism decomposing agent can influence the decomposing effect of the peach branches, more nutrient components which are easily absorbed by the Chinese rose cutting branches can be obtained, and the three conditions complement each other, so that the decomposing effect of the peach branches is better.
Optionally, the microbial decomposing agent includes fungi and enzymes. The microbial decomposing inoculant at least comprises two types, namely fungi and enzymes, can reduce the decomposing time and the decomposing temperature of the compost, enrich various nutrient components required by border-crossing growth after compost fermentation, kill plant diseases and insect pests in the cuttage matrix and shorten the time for preparing the cuttage matrix.
Further, the fungi include one or more of saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida tropicalis, pichia pulcherrima, pediococcus pentosaceus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus pumilus, bacillus licheniformis, geobacillus stearothermophilus, streptomyces albidoflavus, streptomyces griseofuscus, rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus glaucosus, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei, aspergillus terreus, aspergillus broomoreus, streptomyces violaceus, streptomyces thermophilus, geotrichum candidum, streptomyces delugineus, streptomyces albidoflavus, streptomyces albus, streptomyces azure, mucor circinelloides, pseudomonas flaviviridis, lactobacillus plantarum, and actinomycetes; the enzymes include one or more of cellulase, ligninase, lipase, protease and pectinase.
In the present application, the retting time lasts 30-90 days, for example: the retting period may last for 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 days. And (3) turning the stack after the stack retting temperature reaches more than 55 ℃ (for example, turning the stack after the stack retting temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, turning the stack after the stack retting temperature reaches more than 60 ℃ or turning the stack after the stack retting temperature reaches more than 65 ℃) to form new stack retting, turning the stack again after the new stack retting temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, and repeating the steps until the stack retting becomes thoroughly decomposed.
After composting is complete, it is dried. Drying needs to be carried out at relatively low temperatures, such as: naturally air drying at 20-40 deg.C, or vacuum drying.
The cutting medium for rosaceous plants is prepared by the preparation method of the cutting medium for rosaceous plants. After the Chinese rose branch cutting agent is used for cutting the Chinese rose branch, the rooting and the growth of the Chinese rose cutting branch can be promoted.
When the Chinese rose branches are subjected to cuttage, the compound cuttage matrix is obtained by using the cuttage matrix and matching other components in the cuttage matrix, so that the Chinese rose branches can be conveniently subjected to cuttage.
In the application, the composite cutting substrate for rosaceous plants comprises, by weight, 30-70 parts of the cutting substrate for rosaceous plants, 20-60 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of quartz sand, 0.1-0.4 part of polyacrylamide, 0.05-0.15 part of potassium phosphite, 0.05-0.15 part of carbendazim and 0.1-1.0 part of disease-preventing, insect-resisting and growth-promoting microbial agent.
The cutting medium for rosaceous plants, which mainly uses peach branches as raw materials, can provide various organic matters and nutrients required by growth of the Chinese rose for the Chinese rose cutting branches, and can promote the rooting of the cutting branches after being matched with humic acid, so that the cutting branches can grow rapidly. The addition of the quartz sand can loosen the soil gap structure, so that the Chinese rose is favorable for ventilation and water permeation in the growth process; the function of the polyacrylamide is mainly water retention and fertilizer retention; the addition of potassium phosphite is beneficial to the initiation of a disease-resistant defense mechanism of the Chinese rose, and the disease resistance of the Chinese rose is improved; the addition of the carbendazim is beneficial to relieving the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests; the addition of the disease-preventing insect-resisting growth-promoting microbial agent is beneficial to the activation of various nutrients in the matrix and the biological inhibition of the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.
Optionally, in the composite cutting medium for rosaceous plants, the content of the cutting medium for rosaceous plants can be 30 parts, 40 parts, 50 parts, 60 parts or 70 parts; the content of humic acid can be 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts, 50 parts or 60 parts; the content of the quartz sand can be 10 parts, 14 parts, 18 parts or 20 parts; the content of polyacrylamide can be 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part or 0.4 part; the content of the potassium phosphite can be 0.05 part, 0.09 part, 0.12 part or 0.15 part; the carbendazim content can be 0.05 part, 0.09 part, 0.12 part or 0.15 part; the content of the disease-preventing insect-resisting growth-promoting microbial agent can be 0.1 part, 0.3 part, 0.5 part, 0.8 part or 1.0 part.
The disease-preventing, insect-resisting and growth-promoting microbial agent comprises one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, purple lilac spore bacteria, trichoderma harzianum, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, paenibacillus polymyxa, verticillium postsporum, bacillus pumilus, bacillus laterosporus, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria.
It should be noted that: the growth requirements of the Chinese rose are as follows: the water content is 25-30%, the mass ratio of C element to N element in the matrix is (20-25): the high temperature stage at 1, 60 deg.C can be maintained for 5-12 days, the content of organic matter is 40-70%, the content of nitrogen is 0.001-8.0%, the content of phosphorus is 0.001-8%, the content of potassium is 0.001-8%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5. The content of the available nutrients can completely meet the growth requirement of the southern China rose. The composite cutting medium for rosaceous plants provided by the application meets the growth requirements of the rosa chinensis.
The properties of the obtained composite cutting medium are as follows: the water content of the composite cutting matrix is 25-30%, and the mass ratio of the C element to the N element is (20-25): the high temperature stage at 1, 60 deg.C can be maintained for 5-12 days, the content of organic matter is 40-70%, the content of nitrogen is 0.001-8.0%, the content of phosphorus is 0.001-8%, the content of potassium is 0.001-8%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5. The growth conditions of the rose are consistent with the growth conditions of the rose, and the growth requirements of the rose are met. The cuttage method can enable the Chinese rose cuttage branches to root and grow faster, and improves the cuttage survival rate of the Chinese rose branches.
Example 1
The preparation method of the cuttage matrix for the Chinese rose comprises the following steps:
(1) and cutting peach trees planted in the south in winter, drying the obtained peach branches, then crushing, firstly coarsely crushing the peach branches until the particle size of the coarsely crushed peach branches is less than 5cm, and then finely crushing the peach branches until the particle size of the finely crushed peach branches is less than 0.5cm to obtain peach branch wood chips.
(2) Mixing the crushed peach branch wood chips with urea to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the C element in the peach branch wood chip to the N element in the urea is 20: 1.
(3) Spraying water on the surface of the mixture to enable the water content of the mixture to be 50%, inoculating mixed strains containing aspergillus oryzae, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, actinomycetes, cellulase, ligninase and pectinase, mixing, performing stack retting fermentation, turning over the stack to form new stack retting after the stack retting temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning over the stack again after the new stack retting temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning over the stack for 5 times, and keeping the stack retting time for 90 days to make the stack retting become thoroughly decomposed. Wherein the microbial decomposing agent accounts for 0.2% of the stack retting weight. And spreading the retted and decomposed peach branch scraps at normal temperature, naturally drying and storing the peach branch scraps to be used as the main material of the compound cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses.
Mixing 50 parts of the cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses obtained by the method, 40 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of quartz sand, 0.1 part of polyacrylamide, 0.1 part of potassium phosphite, 0.1 part of carbendazim and 0.7 part of bacillus subtilis to obtain the composite cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses.
Example 2
The preparation method of the cuttage matrix for the Chinese rose comprises the following steps:
(1) and cutting peach trees planted in the north in winter, drying the obtained peach branches, then crushing, firstly coarsely crushing, wherein the particle size of the coarsely crushed peach branches is less than 5cm, and then finely crushing, wherein the particle size of the finely crushed peach branches is less than 0.4cm, so as to obtain the peach branch wood chips.
(2) Mixing the crushed peach branch wood chips with urea to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the C element in the peach branch wood chip to the N element in the urea is 20: 1.
(3) Spraying water on the surface of the mixture to enable the water content of the mixture to be 50%, inoculating mixed strains containing aspergillus oryzae, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, actinomycetes, cellulase, ligninase and pectinase, mixing, performing stack retting fermentation, turning over the stack to form new stack retting after the stack retting temperature reaches 65 ℃, turning over the stack again after the new stack retting temperature reaches 65 ℃, turning over the stack for 5 times, and allowing the stack retting time to last for 75 days to make the stack retting become thoroughly decomposed. Wherein the microbial decomposing agent accounts for 0.4% of the stack retting weight. And spreading the retted and decomposed peach branch scraps at normal temperature, naturally drying and storing the peach branch scraps to be used as the main material of the compound cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses.
55 parts of cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses obtained by the method, 38 parts of humic acid, 7 parts of quartz sand, 0.3 part of polyacrylamide, 0.1 part of potassium phosphite, 0.1 part of carbendazim and 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis are mixed to obtain the composite cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that: inoculating mixed strains containing aspergillus oryzae and saccharomyces cerevisiae, mixing, and performing stack retting fermentation. The other method steps are consistent.
Example 4
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that: inoculating mixed strains containing bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, mixing, and performing stack retting fermentation. The other method steps are consistent.
Example 5
Example 5 differs from example 1 in that: inoculating mixed strain containing Aspergillus oryzae and pectase, mixing, and fermenting. The other method steps are consistent.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the cuttage matrix for the Chinese rose comprises the following steps:
(1) and cutting peach trees planted in the south in winter, drying the obtained peach branches, then crushing, firstly coarsely crushing the peach branches until the particle size of the coarsely crushed peach branches is less than 5cm, and then finely crushing the peach branches until the particle size of the finely crushed peach branches is less than 0.5cm to obtain peach branch wood chips.
(2) Mixing the crushed peach branch sawdust and urea, and adding a mixed strain containing aspergillus oryzae, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, actinomycetes, cellulase, ligninase and pectinase to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the C element in the peach branch sawdust to the N element in the urea is 20:1, and the microbial decomposition agent accounts for 0.2% of the weight of the mixture.
(3) And spraying water on the surface of the mixture to enable the water content of the mixture to be 50% for stack retting fermentation, turning the stack to form new stack retting after the stack retting temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning the stack again after the new stack retting temperature reaches 60 ℃, turning the stack for 5 times, and keeping the stack retting time for 90 days to make the stack retting become thoroughly decomposed. And spreading the retted and decomposed peach branch scraps at normal temperature, naturally drying and storing the peach branch scraps to be used as the main material of the compound cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses.
Mixing 50 parts of the cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses obtained by the method, 40 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of quartz sand, 0.1 part of polyacrylamide, 0.1 part of potassium phosphite, 0.1 part of carbendazim and 0.7 part of bacillus subtilis to obtain the composite cuttage matrix for the Chinese roses.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that: replacing peach branches with pear branches. The other method steps are consistent.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that: replacing peach branches with apple branches. The other method steps are consistent.
Experimental example 1
The composite cutting medium for the Chinese roses provided in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 is tested, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: temperature: the temperature was measured at regular intervals (10: 00 a.m.) every day and measured with an alcohol thermometer. And (3) detecting total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matters, water and pH by adopting an organic fertilizer NY525-2012 standard, and determining humic acid by adopting a method for determining the yield of humic acid in coal. The humification factor is the content of formed humus/organic matter content in the compost material x 100%. The EC value is determined by the following method that the water-soil ratio is 5: shake for 5 minutes 1, filter and measure with a soil EC meter. In order to judge the material maturity of the branch different treatment effect comparison test, the seed germination rate, the seed root length and the germination index are measured by the following methods. Mixing the piled branch sample with water at a ratio of 1:10(W/V) and shaking for 2h, and filtering the supernatant through filter paper for later use. Sterile filter paper is laid on a culture dish of 9cm, and 20 small rape seeds are placed on the filter paper. Accurately sucking 5mL of filtrate into a culture dish, culturing for 48h in an incubator at 28 ℃ in the dark, measuring the germination rate and the root length of the seeds by using deionized water as a control, and calculating the Germination Index (GI) of the seeds, wherein the Germination Index (GI) of the seeds is (the germination rate of the stacked and rotted seeds is multiplied by the root length of the seeds)/(the germination rate of the control seeds is multiplied by the root length of the seeds). The results are shown in tables 1 to 3.
TABLE 1 Properties of composite cutting media for roses
Table 1 shows: under the unified standard that the moisture content is 28.5 +/-0.5% and the mass ratio of the C element to the N element in the matrix is 22.5, under the conditions of treatment according to the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3, the duration of the high-temperature stage at 60 ℃ can be maintained is longest in the example 1, which shows that the high-temperature decomposition stage is long, the decomposition is more thorough, the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus, the total potassium and the total nutrient are also highest, and the pH value is neutral.
TABLE 2 influence of composite cutting matrix for Chinese rose on properties of organic matter, humic acid, etc
The composting degree of the organic fertilizer compost can be expressed by a humification coefficient, and if the humification coefficient (humic acid/organic matter) is more than or equal to 30 percent, the compost reaches the maturity standard. The humification factor is the content of formed humus/organic matter content in the compost material x 100%. High concentrations of soluble salts can cause damage to plants or death of plant roots. Normal EC values range between 1-4mmhos/cm (or mS/cm). Table 2 shows: under the unified standard that the moisture content is 28.5 +/-0.5% and the mass ratio of the element C to the element N in the matrix is 22.5, under the conditions of treatment according to the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3, organic matters, humic acid and humification coefficients are higher and all reach a full rotting stage, wherein the highest degree of rotting of the example 1 is shown, the lower degree of rotting is shown, and the normal concentration range of soluble salts is shown.
TABLE 3 germination percentage, seed root length and germination index change of Chinese rose by using composite cutting matrix
The germination index of the seeds is the comprehensive expression of low toxicity (influencing root length) and high toxicity (influencing germination) of the composting samples, and is considered as an important parameter for judging the harmlessness and the maturity of the composting by being most sensitive, most reliable, most effective and most capable of reflecting the phytotoxicity of the composting products. Table 3 shows: under the unified standard that the moisture content is 28.5 +/-0.5 percent and the mass ratio of the element C to the element N in the matrix is 22.5, the germination rate, the root length and the germination index of the small rape are higher according to the treatment of each of the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3, wherein the highest example 1 shows that the germination rate of the small rape seeds is not inhibited and the germination promotion is obvious, and the compost of the example 1 is harmless and has high maturity.
As can be seen from tables 1 to 3, according to the experimental requirements, the moisture content is uniformly adjusted to 28.5 +/-0.5%, and the mass ratio of the C element to the N element in the matrix is 22.5: the results of the examples and comparative examples statistically show that: the substrate treated in the example 1 has the highest decomposition degree, and has obvious promotion effect on the germination rate of seeds.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a cutting substrate for Rosaceae is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the crushed peach trees with a nitrogen fertilizer to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the C element in the peach tree to the N element in the nitrogen fertilizer is (20-25): 1;
controlling the water content of the mixture to be 40-55%, mixing the mixture with a microorganism decomposing agent, composting and fermenting, and turning, decomposing and drying after the composting temperature reaches above 55 ℃; wherein the microbial decomposing agent accounts for 0.1-4% of the stack retting weight.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microbial decomposing agent comprises fungi and enzymes.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fungi include one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida tropicalis, Pichia farinosa, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Streptomyces albidoflavus, Streptomyces griseus, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus glaucosus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus broomcorn, Streptomyces violaceus, Thermomyces laterosporus, Geotrichum candidum, Streptomyces albadensis, Streptomyces albugineus, Streptomyces albolens, Streptomyces lividans, Mucor circinelloides, Pseudomonas flavus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Actinomyces;
the enzymes include one or more of cellulase, ligninase, lipase, protease and pectinase.
4. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the retting time lasts 30 to 90 days.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peach tree includes one or more of peach branches, peach leaves and peach fruits;
optionally, the particle size of the pulverized peach tree is 0.5cm or less.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonia water, liquid ammonia, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate.
7. A cutting medium for Rosaceae prepared by the method for preparing the cutting medium for Rosaceae of any one of claims 1-6.
8. A compound cutting substrate for rosaceous plants, which is characterized by comprising, by weight, 30-70 parts of the cutting substrate for rosaceous plants according to claim 7, 20-60 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of quartz sand, 0.1-0.4 part of polyacrylamide, 0.05-0.15 part of potassium phosphite, 0.05-0.15 part of carbendazim, and 0.1-1.0 part of a disease-preventing, insect-resisting and growth-promoting microbial agent.
9. The composite cutting matrix for rosaceous plants according to claim 8, wherein the disease-preventing, insect-resistant and growth-promoting microbial agent comprises one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, violonyea lilacina, trichoderma harzianum, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, paenibacillus polymyxa, verticillium postsporum, bacillus pumilus, bacillus laterosporus, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria.
10. The compound cutting substrate for rosaceous plants according to claim 8, wherein the water content of the compound cutting substrate is 25-30%, and the mass ratio of the C element to the N element is (20-25): maintaining at 1, 60 deg.C for 5-12 days, wherein the organic matter content is 40-70%, nitrogen content is 0.001-8.0%, phosphorus content is 0.001-8%, potassium content is 0.001-8%, and pH value is 5.5-8.5.
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Application publication date: 20191227 |