CN111454845A - Compound microbial fermentation inoculant, preparation method thereof and method for preparing mulberry twig organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Compound microbial fermentation inoculant, preparation method thereof and method for preparing mulberry twig organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- C12N1/18—Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and discloses a compound microbial fermentation inoculant for rapid decomposition of mulberry twigs, which comprises the following active components: the strain A, the strain B, the strain C and the strain D are in a mass ratio of 3:1:3:2, the strain A comprises trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, the strain B is streptomyces violaceum, the strain C is saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the strain D is bacillus subtilis; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the composite microbial fermentation inoculant; the invention also discloses a method for preparing the mulberry twig organic fertilizer by using the composite microbial fermentation inoculant. The method has the advantages of high fermentation speed, low cost, simple processes of preparing and fermenting the mulberry twigs, economy and environmental protection, can degrade the mulberry twigs into the mulberry twig organic fertilizer in a short time, reduces resource waste, solves the problems of long fermentation time and low finished product quality which are difficult to meet the industrialized requirement when the mulberry twigs are traditionally rotted and returned to fields and buried and rotted, and solves the problems of agricultural pollution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, in particular to a compound microbial fermentation inoculant, a preparation method thereof and a method for preparing a mulberry twig organic fertilizer.
Background
The silkworm breeding in China has been for thousands of years, the mulberry branches have abundant resources, and the annual output can reach 1040 ten thousand tons. In the production process of mulberry leaves, in order to increase the yield of the mulberry leaves and promote the germination of mulberry branches, the mulberry branches are required to be pruned for many times every year. Therefore, a large amount of mulberry branches can be generated in a mulberry leaf production area every year, the mulberry branches are placed in the field to be burnt, naturally rotted and returned to the field and buried and thoroughly decomposed in a traditional treatment mode, the mulberry branch treatment methods can cause environmental pollution and a large amount of waste of resources, the mulberry branches are directly returned to the field and naturally decomposed for a long time and have low efficiency, the utilization rate is only about 10%, finally most of the mulberry branches are reduced to waste, the resource great waste and agricultural pollution are caused, diseases and insect pests of the mulberry trees are easily caused, and great potential safety hazards are brought to silkworm production.
The mulberry twig contains rich organic substances such as cellulose and hemicellulose, and is rich in a large number of plant growth essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and important trace elements such as calcium and magnesium. The mulberry twig fertilizer utilization is based on the principle of local conditions and local materials, agricultural wastes are recycled in the agricultural production process, the problem of agricultural waste pollution can be solved, the fertilizer production cost can be greatly reduced, the current situation of modern agricultural development in China is met and suitable, the increasing fertilizer requirements in agricultural production are met, and the way of recycling agricultural development is widened.
At present, although there is a method for accelerating straw decomposition time by adding a microbial fermentation agent in the straw composting and decomposition process, a microbial fermentation microbial inoculum for mulberry twig decomposition fermentation is not available at present, because the mulberry twig has higher lignification degree compared with common straw, the efficiency of fermenting the mulberry twig by adopting the traditional composting method is very low, the content of organic matters in a finished product is low, and the quality requirement and the industrialization requirement of an organic fertilizer cannot be met, but the process for quickly fermenting and decomposing the mulberry twig organic fertilizer is only reported, so the invention invents the composite microbial fermentation microbial inoculum, the preparation method and the method for preparing the mulberry twig organic fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides the compound microbial fermentation inoculant, the preparation method thereof and the method for preparing the mulberry twig organic fertilizer, the invention is economic and environment-friendly, solves the problems that the fermentation time is long and the quality of finished products is low and is difficult to meet the industrialization requirement when the mulberry twigs are traditionally rotted and returned to fields and buried and decomposed, and solves the problems of agricultural pollution and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a compound microbial fermentation inoculant for fast decomposing mulberry twigs, which comprises the following active components: the strain A comprises a strain A, a strain B, a strain C and a strain D, wherein the mass ratio of the strain A to the strain B to the strain C to the strain D is 3:1:3:2, the strain A comprises trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, the strain B is streptomyces thermosyphilis, the strain C is saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the strain D is bacillus subtilis.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a preparation method of the compound microbial fermentation inoculant, which comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively carrying out amplification culture on trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, streptomyces thermosyphon, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis to respectively obtain fermentation liquor of the six strains for later use;
s2: respectively mixing the fermentation liquor of the six strains obtained in the step S1 with sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and respectively putting the mixture into six fermentation barrels to culture for 48 hours at the temperature of 36 ℃ for later use;
s3: and (4) preparing the bran containing the bacteria obtained in the step (S2) into a compound microbial fermentation inoculant according to the ratio of the bacteria A to the bacteria B to the bacteria C to the bacteria D to 3:1:3: 2.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a method for preparing the mulberry twig organic fertilizer by using the compound microbial fermentation inoculant, which comprises the following steps:
s1: intensively stacking the cut mulberry twigs, and crushing the mulberry twigs into chips with the particle size of less than 1.5cm after the residual mulberry leaves on the mulberry twigs are basically fallen off;
s2: uniformly mixing the ramulus mori cuttings obtained in the step S1 with auxiliary materials according to a dry weight ratio of 1:1, measuring the carbon content and the nitrogen content in the ramulus mori cuttings-auxiliary material mixture, and adjusting the C/N ratio of the mixture to 25:1 by using urea for later use;
s3: adding a compound microbial fermentation inoculant into the mixture obtained in the step S2 to obtain a mixture to be thoroughly decomposed, wherein the addition amount of the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is 5% of the mass of the mixture, then adjusting the water content of the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed to 60% -70%, and uniformly stirring the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed without overflowing;
s4: stacking the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed obtained in the step S3 into a closed container or a cement fermentation tank so that the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed occupies 3/4 of the volume of the container or the cement fermentation tank, and then covering the container or the cement fermentation tank with a film in a fully closed manner; during fermentation, turning the piles once every 5 days, uniformly mixing the mixture to be decomposed after turning the piles, and after fermenting and decomposing for 60-90 days, finishing the fermentation when the fermented piles have no putrefactive odor, are not sunken any more, have stable temperature curves consistent with external temperature curves, and are all black brown, are easy to knead and crush, can be kneaded and formed and are not scattered.
Further, the auxiliary material in the step S2 is chicken manure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the composite microbial fermentation inoculant disclosed by the invention is high in fermentation speed and low in cost, and the processes of preparing and fermenting the mulberry twigs are simple, economic and environment-friendly; in the fermentation stage of the mixture to be decomposed, the composite microbial fermentation inoculant can quickly heat the mixture to be decomposed to quickly decompose cellulose in the mulberry branches, so that the cellulose can be degraded into a mulberry branch organic fertilizer in a short time, the fermentation decomposition time of the mulberry branch organic fertilizer is greatly shortened, the waste mulberry branches are changed into valuable, the resource waste is reduced, the problems that the fermentation time is long when the traditional natural decomposition and field returning of the mulberry branches and landfill decomposition are carried out, the quality of finished products is low, and the industrialization requirements are difficult to meet are solved, the agricultural pollution is solved, and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example 1:
a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for fast decomposition of mulberry twigs comprises the following active components: the strain A comprises a strain A, a strain B, a strain C and a strain D, wherein the mass ratio of the strain A to the strain B to the strain C to the strain D is 3:1:3:2, the strain A comprises trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, the strain B is streptomyces thermosyphilis, the strain C is saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the strain D is bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the composite microbial fermentation inoculant comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively carrying out amplification culture on trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, streptomyces thermosyphon, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis to respectively obtain fermentation liquor of the six strains;
weighing 10.0g of peptone, 3.0g of beef extract and 5.0g of sodium chloride, weighing 1L primary water in a 1L glass beaker, uniformly stirring, heating to boil, adjusting the pH to 7.0 by using low-concentration NaOH or HCl, subpackaging to 1000m L silk reagent bottles, loading 800m L in each bottle, sterilizing in an autoclave at 121 ℃ for 15 minutes, taking out after the pressure is reduced to 0, and placing on a clean bench for cooling for later use;
the preparation method of the culture medium of Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprises weighing glucose 10.0g, peptone 10.0g, yeast extract 5.0g, and primary water 1L in 1L glass beaker, stirring, heating to boil, packaging into L filament reagent bottles of 1000m, each bottle containing 800m L, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 15 min in autoclave, taking out after pressure drop is 0, and cooling in clean bench;
the Trichoderma viride is cultured by adopting a PDA culture medium, wherein the PDA culture medium is prepared by weighing 5.0g of potato soaking powder, 20.0g of glucose and 0.1g of chloramphenicol, weighing first-grade water 1L in a 1L glass beaker, uniformly stirring, heating and boiling, subpackaging into L filament reagent bottles with the diameter of 1000m, bottling 800m L each, sterilizing in an autoclave at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 15 minutes, taking out after the pressure is reduced to 0, and placing on an ultra-clean workbench for cooling for later use;
the method comprises the following steps of weighing 4.0g of yeast extract, 10.0g of malt extract and 4.0g of glucose, weighing 1L primary water in a 1L glass beaker, uniformly stirring, heating to boil, adjusting the pH to 7.3 by using low-concentration NaOH or HCl, subpackaging to 1000m L silk reagent bottles, loading 800m L in each bottle, sterilizing in an autoclave at 121 ℃ for 15 minutes, taking out after the pressure is reduced to 0, and placing on a clean bench for cooling for later use;
after the culture medium is prepared, the six strains are respectively subjected to amplification culture on corresponding liquid culture media, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) picking strains by using a disposable inoculating needle, and shaking the strains into a sterile liquid culture medium to obtain a strain suspension; (2) culturing the strains at respective optimal culture temperature at 110rpm/min for 120h to obtain seed liquid; (3) inoculating 5% of the seed solution into a sterilized liquid culture medium, and performing amplification culture for 120h to obtain a fermentation liquid for later use;
s2: respectively mixing the fermentation liquor of the six strains obtained in the step S1 with sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and respectively putting the mixture into six fermentation barrels to culture for 48 hours at the temperature of 36 ℃ for later use;
s3: and (4) preparing the bran containing the bacteria obtained in the step (S2) into a compound microbial fermentation inoculant according to the ratio of the bacteria A to the bacteria B to the bacteria C to the bacteria D to 3:1:3: 2.
The method for preparing the mulberry twig organic fertilizer by using the composite microbial fermentation inoculant comprises the following steps:
s1: intensively stacking the cut mulberry twigs, and crushing the mulberry twigs into chips with the particle size of less than 1.5cm after the residual mulberry leaves on the mulberry twigs are basically fallen off;
s2: uniformly mixing the ramulus mori cuttings obtained in the step S1 with auxiliary materials according to a dry weight ratio of 1:1, wherein the auxiliary materials in the embodiment are chicken manure, then measuring the carbon content and the nitrogen content in the ramulus mori cuttings-auxiliary materials mixture, and adjusting the C/N ratio of the mixture to 25:1 by using urea for later use;
s3: adding a compound microbial fermentation inoculant into the mixture obtained in the step S2 to obtain a mixture to be thoroughly decomposed, wherein the addition amount of the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is 5% of the mass of the mixture, then adjusting the water content of the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed to 60% -70%, and stirring the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed uniformly if the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed is thoroughly wetted but does not overflow;
s4: stacking the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed obtained in the step S3 into a closed container or a cement fermentation tank, wherein the volume of the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed is 3/4 of the volume of the container or the cement fermentation tank, and then, fully covering the container or the cement fermentation tank with a film to quickly reach the central temperature of the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed to about 60-70 ℃; during fermentation, turning the pile once every 5 days to improve the oxygen content of the pile and promote the growth and the propagation of microorganisms, and uniformly mixing the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed after turning the pile; after fermenting and decomposing for 60-90 days, when the fermentation pile has no putrefactive odor, the fermentation pile does not sink any more, the temperature curve of the fermentation pile is stable and is consistent with the external temperature curve, and the fermentation materials are all changed into black brown, are easy to knead and break, can be kneaded and formed and are not scattered, the fermentation is finished.
Example 2:
in this example, mulberry twigs were crushed in 3 months in 2019, a complex microbial fermentation inoculum was prepared in 5 months and 15 days in 2019, the moisture content, carbon content and nitrogen content of the crushed mulberry twigs and chicken manure were measured in 24 days in 5 months in 2019, and mixed material composting fermentation was performed in 27 days in 5 months in 2019. Mixing the crushed ramulus mori and the chicken manure according to the dry matter mass ratio of 1:1, regulating C/N to 25:1 by using urea according to the previously measured carbon content and nitrogen content, then adding a composite microbial fermentation inoculum with the total mass of 5%, regulating the water content to about 65%, uniformly mixing the materials, placing the materials in a plastic foam box, covering a cover for composting and fermenting, and covering a film outside the foam box.
The temperature in the fermenter was measured at 10 am from the next day and turned over every 5 days. The turning can improve the oxygen content of the pile body and promote the growth and the propagation of microorganisms, and the fermentation pile is uniformly mixed after being turned and is continuously fermented. The fermentation time is 90 days after 8 months and 25 days in 2019, the materials in the plastic foam box have no obvious putrefactive odor, the temperature is basically consistent with the outside temperature, the volume of the materials is changed into two thirds of the original volume, the materials are completely changed into black brown, and the materials are easy to knead and can be kneaded and formed without scattering.
Measuring the germination index, organic matters, pH value and water content of the fermentation pile, and comparing the measured values with relevant indexes of a first control group, a second control group and a third control group, wherein the first control group is an undegraded pile which is not added with a compound microbial starter, the second control group is a degraded pile which contains ramulus mori, urea and chicken manure and is buried in soil, the third control group is a degraded pile which contains ramulus mori, urea and chicken manure and is coated with a film, and the comparison result is shown in a table 1:
table 1: measurement results of Components of respective processed compost materials
As can be seen from Table 1, the treatment group added with the composite microbial fermentation inoculant can thoroughly decompose the mulberry twig compost within 90 days, the germination index is as high as 120.32%, the organic matter content is 56.15%, the C/N is reduced to 16.07, the water content is reduced to 29.46%, the material has no obvious rancidity smell, the temperature is basically consistent with the external temperature, the volume of the material is changed to two thirds of the original volume, the material is completely black brown, the material is easy to knead, can be kneaded to form, is not scattered, and is completely thoroughly decomposed.
The germination index measured at 90 days of the first control group is only 63.54%, the organic matter content is 66.22%, the C/N is 23.12, the water content is reduced to 48.16%, the material has obvious rancid odor, the temperature is basically consistent with the external temperature, the volume of the material is basically unchanged, the material is light brown, cannot be kneaded to be broken, cannot be kneaded to be formed, and the material is not rotten.
The organic matter content measured in 365 days of the second control group is 56.03%, the material has no obvious rancid smell, the temperature is basically consistent with the outside temperature, the volume of the material is changed into two thirds of the original volume, the material is completely black brown, the material is easy to knead and break, and the material can be kneaded and formed without being scattered and completely becomes thoroughly decomposed.
The content of organic matters measured at 365 days in the third control group is 54.82 percent, the materials have no obvious rancid odor, the temperature is basically consistent with the outside temperature, the volume of the materials is changed into two thirds of the original volume, the materials are completely changed into black brown, the materials are easy to knead and break, and the materials can be kneaded and formed without being scattered and are completely rotten.
The embodiment shows that the composite microbial fermentation agent has high fermentation speed, is economic and environment-friendly; the mulberry branches can be degraded into the mulberry branch organic fertilizer in a short time, and the fermentation and decomposition time of the mulberry branch organic fertilizer is greatly shortened.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process of verifying the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by applying the content of the specification of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The compound microbial fermentation inoculant for the rapid decomposition of the mulberry twigs is characterized by comprising the following active components: the strain A comprises a strain A, a strain B, a strain C and a strain D, wherein the mass ratio of the strain A to the strain B to the strain C to the strain D is 3:1:3:2, the strain A comprises trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, the strain B is streptomyces thermosyphilis, the strain C is saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the strain D is bacillus subtilis.
2. The method for preparing the composite microbial fermentation inoculum of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: respectively carrying out amplification culture on trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, streptomyces thermosyphon, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis to respectively obtain fermentation liquor of the six strains for later use;
s2: respectively mixing the fermentation liquor of the six strains obtained in the step S1 with sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and respectively putting the mixture into six fermentation barrels to culture for 48 hours at the temperature of 36 ℃ for later use;
s3: and (4) preparing the bran containing the bacteria obtained in the step (S2) into a compound microbial fermentation inoculant according to the ratio of the bacteria A to the bacteria B to the bacteria C to the bacteria D to 3:1:3: 2.
3. The method for preparing the mulberry twig organic fertilizer by using the composite microbial fermentation inoculant as defined in claim 1 or 2, is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: intensively stacking the cut mulberry twigs, and crushing the mulberry twigs into chips with the particle size of less than 1.5cm after the residual mulberry leaves on the mulberry twigs are basically fallen off;
s2: uniformly mixing the ramulus mori cuttings obtained in the step S1 with auxiliary materials according to a dry weight ratio of 1:1, measuring the carbon content and the nitrogen content in the ramulus mori cuttings-auxiliary material mixture, and adjusting the C/N ratio of the mixture to 25:1 by using urea for later use;
s3: adding a compound microbial fermentation inoculant into the mixture obtained in the step S2 to obtain a mixture to be thoroughly decomposed, wherein the addition amount of the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is 5% of the mass of the mixture, then adjusting the water content of the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed to 60% -70%, and uniformly stirring the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed without overflowing;
s4: stacking the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed obtained in the step S3 into a closed container or a cement fermentation tank so that the mixture to be thoroughly decomposed occupies 3/4 of the volume of the container or the cement fermentation tank, and then covering the container or the cement fermentation tank with a film in a fully closed manner; during fermentation, turning the piles once every 5 days, uniformly mixing the mixture to be decomposed after turning the piles, and after fermenting and decomposing for 60-90 days, finishing the fermentation when the fermented piles have no putrefactive odor, are not sunken any more, have stable temperature curves consistent with external temperature curves, and are all black brown, are easy to knead and crush, can be kneaded and formed and are not scattered.
4. The method for preparing the ramulus mori organic fertilizer by using the compound microbial fermentation inoculant according to claim 3, wherein the auxiliary material in the step S2 is chicken manure.
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| CN114874035A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-09 | 湖北山态源科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer for rapidly decomposing plant remains and preparation method thereof |
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