CN114456814A

CN114456814A - Low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114456814A
Application number: CN202210046679.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 扈保杰; 李虎申; 苑学亮; 张岳华; 王怀珍; 刘永高; 李民厚; 刘明
Original assignee: Liaocheng Jinyu Fertilizer Co ltd
Current assignee: Liaocheng Jinyu Fertilizer Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-01-17
Filing date: 2022-01-17
Publication date: 2022-05-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, wherein the density of a low-density organic bacterial fertilizer is 0.7-1.0g/cm 3; the organic fertilizer comprises 0.5-1% of medium trace nutrient elements, 2-5% of fly ash, 1-1.8% of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.15% of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.25% of iron diaminethione fulvate, 1-1.5% of immobilized beauveria bassiana culture, 1-1.5% of immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture, 0.2-0.5% of chelating agent, 0.05-0.1% of nitrification inhibitor, 0.15-0.35% of aluminum sulfate and the balance of fermented organic matters; the preparation method comprises the steps of mushroom residue treatment, high-temperature fermentation, halotolerant bacteria fermentation, material mixing and the like. The low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner has multiple effects of retaining water, inhibiting plant diseases and insect pests, improving the granular structure of saline-alkali soil and the like.

Description

Low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Saline-alkali soil is a generic term for saline soil and alkaline earth. The saline soil mainly refers to saline soil with high chloride or sulfate content, and the soil is alkaline but not necessarily high in pH value. The alkaline earth refers to the soil containing carbonate or heavy phosphate, the pH value is higher, the soil is alkaline, the content of organic matters in saline-alkali soil is low, the soil fertility is low, the physicochemical properties are poor, and the soil is seriously hardened in particular. The anions and cations harmful to the crops are more, and the seedlings of the crops are not easy to promote. The fertilizing principle of the saline-alkali soil is mainly applying organic fertilizer and high-efficiency compound fertilizer, and controlling the use of low-concentration fertilizer. The organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matters, plays a role in buffering harmful anions and cations in soil, and is beneficial to rooting and seedling promotion. The high-concentration compound fertilizer has few ineffective components and few residues, but the dosage of the fertilizer cannot be too much each time so as to avoid secondary salinization of aggravated soil, and irrigation needs to be combined after the fertilizer is applied so as to reduce the concentration of a soil solution.

The population of China is nearly numerous, 18 hundred million acres of cultivated land, and the potential of the fertilizer market of China is very large. However, predatory production in recent years, which pursues high yields, promotes excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides, has caused soil hardening and severe contamination of agricultural products, and the creation of safe food production environments and conditions is urgently needed. As an important approach of agricultural product pollution-free and agricultural ecological, namely microbial active organic fertilizer, the microbial active organic fertilizer is listed as one of special fertilizers for green food and organic food production. In addition, the drought and water shortage phenomenon frequently occurs in the north, which poses serious threat to agricultural production, and the realization of the efficient utilization of water resources and the grain safety are strategic needs of the country. Research and development of organic fertilizers with water saving, water retention and soil improvement functions is an important measure for coping with drought and water shortage in the field of agricultural production.

In 12 months in 2020, the edible mushroom association in China issued analysis on statistics and survey results of national edible mushrooms in 2019, and according to the statistics and survey data, the lentinus edodes yield is 1115.94 ten thousand tons and accounts for 28.37% of the total edible mushroom yield, the black fungus yield is 701.81 ten thousand tons and accounts for 17.84% of the total edible mushroom yield, the oyster mushroom yield is 686.47 ten thousand tons and accounts for 17.45% of the total edible mushroom yield, the flammulina velutipes yield is 258.96 ten thousand tons and accounts for 6.58% of the total edible mushroom yield, and the agaricus bisporus yield is 231.35 ten thousand tons and accounts for 5.88% of the total edible mushroom yield in 2019. However, after the edible fungi are harvested, a large amount of waste mushroom residues are generated, and the treatment of the waste mushroom residues is a problem to be solved urgently. The waste mushroom residues are comprehensively utilized and deeply processed by utilizing microbial engineering and enzyme engineering technologies, and can be converted into microbial active organic fertilizer, so that the problem of utilization of the waste mushroom residues is solved, the environmental pollution is avoided, meanwhile, a cheap fertilizer is provided for production of green food and organic food, and the method has wide development and application prospects.

In patent application publication No. CN1309110A, a "method for producing a bio-organic fertilizer using livestock manure" is disclosed, but it has the following problems; the specification mentions that mixed microbial strains (composite azotobacter, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, probiotics, fiber bacteria and the like) are used, but the mixed microbial fertilizer is used in the specific implementation, so that the microbial strains are not clear; secondly, the mixed inorganic fertilizer, the adhesive and other components are added, so that the production cost is increased, and meanwhile, the improvement of the soil environment and the establishment of the micro-ecological environment are not facilitated; thirdly, the function, effect and characteristic of the organic fertilizer produced by the method are not described in the scheme.

Patent publication No. CN1724481B discloses a method for producing a microbial active organic fertilizer from waste mushroom dregs, which comprises the following steps: (1) respectively activating and gradually expanding protease producing bacteria, lipase producing bacteria, cellulase producing bacteria, amylase producing bacteria, potassium bacteria and phosphorus bacteria obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) according to provided strain specifications to prepare microbial inoculums, wherein the microbial inoculums prepared in international units are measured, and the microbial inoculums are prepared according to the ratio of (0.5-0.9) to (0.2-0.6) to (0.3-0.6) to (0.8-1.2) of protease to lipase to amylase to cellulase activity units, and then adding 2-18% of potassium bacteria microbial inoculums and 5-15% of phosphorus bacteria inoculums in volume ratio to prepare the enzyme-producing composite microbial inoculums for fermentation production of the microbial active organic fertilizer; (2) mechanically or artificially crushing pollution-free mushroom residue generated after edible mushroom harvesting into fragments of about 0.5mm × 0.5mm × 0.5 mm; (3) 20 to 30 weight percent of crop straws or leftovers of a food processing factory are matched, and waste water or natural water generated by the food processing factory is used for wetting broken mushroom slag blocks, so that the water content of the material is 65 to 70 percent finally; (4) inoculating the enzyme-producing compound microbial agent prepared in the step (1) to the wet mushroom residue fragments according to the inoculation amount of 2-8% of the dry weight of the mushroom residue, and fully stirring to ensure that the microorganisms are fully contacted with the materials; (5) putting the mixed material in the step (4) into a fermentation tank built by cement or a simple fermentation tank, wherein the depth of the fermentation tank is 40-70 cm; (6) and sealing the fermentation tank by using a plastic film, preserving the heat for 5 to 15 days at the temperature of between 25 and 32 ℃, and ventilating for 15 minutes at the speed of 50m3/min by using an air compressor at intervals of 24 hours to obtain the microbial active organic fertilizer.

Patent publication No. CN103613419B discloses a method for producing organic fertilizer by fermenting mushroom residue and pig manure mixed compost with microbial inoculum, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) collecting fresh pig manure, uniformly mixing the fresh pig manure, straw, urea and glucose according to the weight proportion of 500: 400: 500:4-6:9-11, adjusting the water content to 60% -65%, piling for fermentation, turning over once every 2-4 days, and airing and packaging after 20-30 days to serve as a fermentation microbial inoculum; (2) uniformly mixing fresh pleurotus eryngii mushroom residues, fresh pig manure and straw according to the weight part ratio of 300 portions of 400 portions of 500 portions of 600 portions of 200 portions of 5 portions of 300 portions of 400 portions of 60 portions to 65 portions of water, adding the self-made microbial inoculum according to the weight ratio of 1 portion to 2 portions of the self-made microbial inoculum, adding the self-made deodorant nitrogen-retaining agent according to the weight ratio of 0.5 portion to 1 portion of the self-made deodorant nitrogen-retaining agent, uniformly stirring, stacking the mixture into a wide stack with the height of 1.5 meters and the width of 2 to 3 meters for fermentation, turning the stack for the first time when the temperature is raised to 60 ℃, and turning the stack once every 2 to 3 days until the compost is thoroughly decomposed, namely producing the organic fertilizer; the preparation of the microbial inoculum site is required to be carried out on vegetable garden soil, or a small amount of fresh vegetable garden soil is added, so that the advantage of the diversity of soil microorganisms is fully utilized, soil-related microorganisms enter compost propagation in the composting process, and the species and the quantity of fermentation microorganisms are increased; the formula of the deodorizing nitrogen-retaining agent comprises 30-40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-30 parts of calcium carbonate and 40-60 parts of zeolite powder by weight; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material pile of the mushroom residues and the pig manure is 25-35: 1.

The mushroom dregs are the dregs produced by cultivating edible mushroom with cottonseed shell, sawdust, rice straw, corncob, various crop stalks and industrial waste (vinasse and the like) as main raw materials, wherein although a large amount of crude fiber, lignin and mycelium (containing rich protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamins and trace elements) are contained, the mushroom dregs produced by cultivating edible mushroom is artificially harvested in a greenhouse, the mushroom dregs can not be processed in the greenhouse on the same day, the water content of the waste mushroom dregs is usually more than 60%, and a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and miscellaneous fungi are bred in one or two days. Once the treatment is not timely, the variety and the number of the mixed fungi are increased in a geometric series manner in a short time, and the metabolic products of the fungi not only cause higher acidity of the bran of the fungi, but also contain some toxins, so that the agricultural ecological environment is polluted, the subsequent cultivation of the edible fungi is greatly hidden, the yield and the quality of the edible fungi are influenced by a light person, and the mass propagation and the spread of plant diseases and insect pests are caused by a heavy person. The mushroom residue fertilizer which is not treated well not only can not improve the soil environment, but also can greatly improve the probability of occurrence of soil-borne diseases in the soil. Nutrient substances contained in the mushroom bran are abandoned for a long time, cannot be effectively utilized, and are extremely unfortunately also a great waste. The fertilizer prepared from waste mushroom residues in the prior art has the obvious defects that: in the prior art, the organic fertilizer of mushroom residues is adopted, and other raw materials such as excrement, crop straws or leftovers of food processing factories are added, so that the substances such as worm eggs, weed seeds, sundry fungi and the like are added, and the organic fertilizer is not beneficial to the exertion of the pest and disease prevention function. When beneficial bacteria are inoculated, the mushroom residues containing a large amount of bacteria and mixed bacteria cannot be effectively eliminated, so that the organic fertilizer has poor effect on pest control. In addition, the low-density organic fertilizer prepared from mushroom residues is not used in the prior art, so that the application of the low-density organic fertilizer in water retention, disease resistance, insect resistance and soil improvement is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an organic bacterial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems that in the prior art, biological bacterial fertilizers prepared from mushroom residues do not contain various microorganisms with different functional activities, have low colonization survival performance of high microorganisms, do not have disease prevention and insect prevention effects, are not suitable for saline-alkali soil, and are particularly not suitable for the high soil hardening degree of the saline-alkali soil.

The low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that: the density of the low-density organic bacterial fertilizer is 0.7-1.0g/cm³；

The organic fertilizer comprises: 0.5-1% of medium trace nutrient elements, 2-5% of fly ash, 1-1.8% of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.15% of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.25% of ammonium iron fulvate, 1-1.5% of immobilized beauveria bassiana culture, 1-1.5% of immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture, 0.2-0.5% of chelating agent, 0.05-0.1% of nitrification inhibitor, 0.15-0.35% of aluminum sulfate and the balance of fermented organic matters;

the fermented organic matter is a product obtained by adding mushroom residues into straw crushed matter to adjust the water content to 40-45%, stacking and fermenting the immobilized white rot fungus culture at high temperature, adding bentonite with the mass percentage of 3-8% of the fermented organic matter, and stacking and fermenting the fermented organic matter and the saline-alkali resistant composite microbial agent;

n + P of the organic fertilizer₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the pH value is 6.0-6.5, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the total viable count of microorganisms is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g。

The preparation method of the low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

step 1: collecting mushroom residue, adding crushed stalk, mixing, and adjusting water content to 45-50%.

Step 2: mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, stirring, mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, and stirring. The addition amount of the immobilized white rot fungi is 1.5-3% of the dry weight of the substance in the step 1.

And step 3: stacking the substances obtained in the step (2) into strip piles, wherein the width of the bottom of each strip pile is 2 meters, the width of the top of each strip pile is 1 meter, the height of each strip pile is 0.8-1 meter in summer, the length of each strip pile is 1.2-1.5 meters in winter and spring, and the length of each pile is determined according to the field; covering a film, starting fermentation, and removing the plastic film when the temperature of the material with the depth of 20-30 cm in the stack is raised to 75 ℃; punching on the strip pile, wherein the hole distance is 1.2-1.5 m, the aperture is 70-100mm, and the hole depth is equal to the height of the strip pile;

fermenting for 5-6 days in winter, and fermenting for 3-4 days in spring, summer and autumn.

And 4, step 4: turning over the pile and adding bentonite.

And 5: mixing the immobilized salt-resistant composite microbial inoculum into the stack according to the weight ratio of 0.5-1.5% of the materials in the stack, turning and tamping the stack once a day, and keeping the temperature of the materials with the depth of 20-30 cm in the stack at 28-35 ℃ for 8-10 days; then, turning and tamping are carried out according to the condition of stack temperature, turning and tamping are not carried out when the temperature rises, turning and tamping are carried out when the temperature stops rising, and the step is repeated until the mass percentage of the low-temperature drying water content is 18-22% when the stack temperature is the same as the outdoor temperature; the drying temperature is not more than 45 ℃.

Step 6: separately activating and gradually culturing Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center according to the provided strain specifications, and compounding to obtain immobilized Beauveria bassiana culture and immobilized Metarrhizium anisopliae culture, wherein the microbial enzyme activity unit manufactured by International Unit is used as a metering unit, and the viable count of the immobilized Beauveria bassiana culture is 4-6 × 10⁹cfu/ml; adding medium and trace nutrient elements, fly ash, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium iron xanthohumate, immobilized white rot fungus culture, immobilized green muscardine fungus culture, chelating agent, nitrification inhibitor and aluminum sulfate, mixing into the material in the pile, measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the material in the pile, and supplementing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to make the N + P of the material in the pile₂O₅+K₂And (4) the content of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain the low-density insect-resistant vegetable organic bacterial fertilizer.

As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method of the immobilized beauveria bassiana culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits and crosslinked polyacrylamide are mixed with dry materials according to the weight ratio of 6-7: 2-3: 1-2: 0.2-0.4, water is added to form a composite culture medium, and the weight ratio of the mixed dry materials to the water is 1: 0.7-0.8; inoculating the activated beauveria bassiana to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at the temperature of 20-28 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75-85% until white hyphae overgrow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method of the immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits, glucose, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed according to the weight ratio of 6-9: 20-35: 1-2: 0.8-1.6: 1.2-2.5: 0.6-1.6, inoculating the activated metarhizium anisopliae to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at 20-28 ℃ and 70-75% of relative humidity until white hyphae overgrow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a metarhizium anisopliae culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

As a preferred technical scheme, the medium and trace nutrient elements comprise medium elements and trace elements; the secondary elements include calcium, magnesium and sulfur; the trace elements include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron and chlorine.

As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method of the immobilized salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculum culture comprises the following steps:

carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the halophilic bacteria in a culture medium for 166-170 hours to obtain halophilic bacteria fermentation liquor, and inoculating the halophilic bacteria fermentation liquor into the culture medium;

the culture medium comprises: 2-4 parts of cattail pollen, 2-4 parts of bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of laver powder, 0.25-0.35 part of yeast extract and KH₂PO₄0.15 to 0.25 portion of MgSO (MgSO)₄0.05-0.15 part of solarization raw salt, 0.05-0.15 part of VB₁0.001 part by weight of each component; each component is calculated by weight; adding 48-52 liters of water per kilogram, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.0, and preparing a culture medium;

after fermentation, drying at low temperature to ensure that the mass percent of the water content is below 17% to prepare an immobilized salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculum culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

As a preferred technical scheme, the amino acid chelating agent is one or more of methionine, lysine, glycine, cysteine and histidine.

As a preferred technical scheme, the nitrification inhibitor is one of nitropyridine or azapyridine, dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate.

As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method of the immobilized white rot fungus culture comprises the following steps:

adding small corncob blocks serving as white rot fungus carriers into a potato sucrose liquid culture medium inoculated with the activated white rot fungi according to the volume ratio of 20-30%, performing static culture at 37 ℃ for 2-5 days, performing shaking culture for one day, then transferring the corncob blocks tightly wound with white rot fungus mycelia into an activation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-7%, and performing static culture at 30 ℃ for 4-6 days under the ventilation condition; drying at low temperature to ensure that the mass percent of the water content is below 17%;

the components of the survival culture medium are as follows: sucrose 0.6 g.L^～1Ammonium tartrate 1.2 g.L^～1，NaCl0.1g·L^～1，KH₂PO₄1.5g·L^～1，MgSO₄·7H₂O0.5g·L^～1，MnSO₄·H₂O0.035g·L^～1，VB₁0.1mg·L^～1。

As a preferred technical scheme, the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows.

1. In the production process of the fertilizer, mushroom residues and straw crushed materials are mixed, so that the water content of the fertilizer can be effectively reduced, and the mushroom residues are mixed with main raw materials for producing fermented organic matters, and the density of the mushroom residues and the straw crushed materials is very low, so that the density of the whole soil conditioner is very low, only 0.7-1.0g/cm3, the water retention is very strong, and the granular structure of soil can be changed.

2. Bentonite is also called bentonite, bentonite or bentonite. The bentonite has a long history of being developed and used in China, and is only used as a detergent originally. (in the life region of Sichuan, there are open-pit mines hundreds of years ago, and local people call bentonite as soil powder). Is really widely used but has a history of only a hundred years. The earliest discovery in the united states was that in ancient strata in wyoming, clay, which is yellow-green in color, expanded to a paste upon addition of water, and later, all clays of this nature were referred to collectively as bentonites. The main mineral component of bentonite is montmorillonite with content of 85-90%, and some properties of bentonite are determined by montmorillonite. Montmorillonite can be in various colors such as yellow-green, yellow-white, gray, white, and the like. Can be in compact block shape or loose soil shape, has smooth feeling when rubbed with fingers, expands several times to 20-30 times after adding water into small block, and is in suspension state in water and pasty state when water is little. The properties of montmorillonite are related to its chemical composition and internal structure. The bentonite is a non-metal mineral product with montmorillonite as a main mineral component, and the montmorillonite structure is 2: the crystal structure of the type 1 has better ion exchange performance because certain cations, such as copper, magnesium, potassium, sodium and the like, exist in a layered structure formed by montmorillonite unit cells, and the cations have unstable effects with the montmorillonite unit cells and are easy to exchange with other cations. And the fermented organic matters contain 3-8% of bentonite by mass, so that after entering the field, the characteristics of high expansibility and high ion exchange property of the fermented organic matters are utilized to further improve the water retention capacity and improve the hardening property of the saline-alkali soil.

3. Aiming at the characteristic that the stored mushroom dregs contain a lot of mixed bacteria, the straw crushed materials are mixed, so that the water content can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, 1-1.5% of the mixed immobilized white-rot fungi are fully stirred for high-temperature fermentation, so that the mixed bacteria can be effectively eliminated. White rot fungi belong to the subphylum basidiomycotina, are named because the rotten wood is white, and are one of microorganisms capable of degrading the main components of wood. Most of the fibers of the wood are still intact in the white rot process, and the crystallinity of the cellulose is not greatly changed. The white rot fungi with good selectivity for degrading lignin can be used for biological pulping, and a new way of the pulping method can be developed. The white rot fungi can degrade lignin for pretreatment, biological bleaching and biological pulping, and has strong decomposition capability on other organic xenobiotics, so the white rot fungi also has wide application prospect in wastewater treatment.

The immobilized white rot fungi is simple to culture and easy to operate. In the invention, the immobilized white rot fungi culture is dried at low temperature for use, and the method has the characteristics of convenient operation and low cost. The cellulose of mushroom residue and straw can be decomposed primarily under the action of white rot fungi.

4. Inoculating halotolerant bacteria on the basis of the high-temperature fermentation product. The halophilic bacteria is available from Shen county, Xin Haiyuan Biotech, Inc., under the trade name of Xin Haiyuan Shen brand biolytic halophilic bacteria. Which comprises the following components: salt decomposing bacteria, EM bacteria, azotobacter, bacillus, nitrococcus, sulfur bacteria, algin, amino acid and the like. The salt-decomposing bacteria can actively grow and reproduce in a high-salt environment, harmful salt can be synthesized into beneficial bacteria to form mycoprotein, the harm of salt to crops is reduced or eliminated, and the plant death effect is obvious; the nitrogen-fixing bacteria are fertilizers which utilize nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to convert molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere into ammonia which can be utilized by crops, and further provide nitrogen nutrients necessary for protein synthesis for the crops; nitrifying bacteria play an important role in natural nitrogen circulation, so that the accumulation of nitrite in soil is avoided, and the normal growth of organisms is facilitated. Under the action of nitrifying bacteria, more acidic substances are often present in the soil. The acidic substances can improve the performance and the durability of various phosphate fertilizers in soil, can prevent and control plant diseases of ginger blast of ginger, root rot of pepper and kidney bean, and even can improve alkaline soil to a certain extent. The sulfur bacteria can extract metals such as copper, uranium and the like from sulfide oxidation by some strains in the thiobacillus and improve alkaline soil, and generally grow well in an anaerobic environment with sufficient light and containing hydrogen sulfide. The activity of soil sulfur bacteria can improve the solubility of various mineral substances in soil, and can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria sensitive to acid so as to improve alkaline soil, thus being a product for improving soil and developing organic agriculture.

5. Beauveria bassiana is an entomogenous fungus of ascomycetes, the main species comprise Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria bassiana and the like, conidia are usually generated through asexual propagation, and hypha has a cross septum and branches. The distribution range of the beauveria bassiana is wide, the beauveria bassiana is found in mountains at the elevation of several meters to 2000 meters, the beauveria bassiana can invade into the bodies of 6 meshes of 15 families of more than 200 insects and mites to breed in large quantities, simultaneously, beauvericin (non-ribosomal polypeptide toxin), oosporine (benzoquinone toxin) and calcium oxalate crystals are generated, and the substances can cause insect poisoning and disturb metabolism to cause death. The green muscardine fungus is broad-spectrum entomopathogenic fungus, the number of green muscardine fungus host insects reaches more than 200 according to statistics, and the green muscardine fungus host insects can parasitize tortoise shells, weevils, golden moths, lepidoptera pest larvae, hemiptera stinkbug and the like. Can induce insects to generate green muscardine and can form repeated infection in the population. In application, the metarhizium anisopliae is mainly used for preventing and controlling pests, and the metarhizium anisopliae is developed into a fungal pesticide second to beauveria bassiana only in terms of prevention and control scale. The Metarrhizium anisopliae is harmless to human and livestock, safe to natural enemy insects, and free of environmental pollution. The immobilized beauveria bassiana is easy to culture and the immobilized rate beauveria bassiana is simple to culture. The operation is easy. In the invention, the immobilized beauveria bassiana is cultured and the immobilized rate beauveria bassiana is dried at low temperature for use, so that the method has the characteristics of convenient operation, adaptability to different plant diseases and insect pests and low manufacturing cost.

Fly ash is fine ash collected from flue gas generated after coal combustion, and is main solid waste discharged from a coal-fired power plant. Fly ash is an artificial pozzolanic hybrid material which has little or no hydraulic gelling properties by itself, but which, when present as a powder and in the presence of water, is capable of chemically reacting with calcium hydroxide or other alkaline earth metal hydroxides at ambient temperature, particularly under hydrothermal treatment (steam curing) conditions. The bentonite is a non-metal mineral product with montmorillonite as a main mineral component, and the montmorillonite structure is 2: the crystal structure of the type 1 has better ion exchange performance because certain cations, such as Cu, Mg, Na, K and the like, exist in a layered structure formed by montmorillonite unit cells, and the cations have unstable effects with the montmorillonite unit cells and are easy to exchange with other cations. Foreign countries have been applied to more than 100 departments in 24 fields of industrial and agricultural production, and more than 300 products exist, so that the soil is called as 'universal soil'. Bentonite is also called bentonite, bentonite or bentonite. The history of developing and using bentonite is long in China, and the bentonite is only used as a detergent originally. (in the life region of Sichuan, there are open-pit mines hundreds of years ago, and local people call bentonite as soil powder). Is really widely used but has a history of only a hundred years. The earliest discovery in the united states was that in ancient strata in wyoming, clay, which is yellow-green in color, expanded to a paste upon addition of water, and later, all clays of this nature were referred to collectively as bentonites. The main mineral component of bentonite is montmorillonite with content of 85-90%, and some properties of bentonite are determined by montmorillonite. Montmorillonite can be in various colors such as yellow-green, yellow-white, gray, white, and the like. Can be in compact block shape or loose soil shape, has smooth feeling when rubbed with fingers, expands several times to 20-30 times after adding water into small block, and is in suspension state in water and pasty state when water is little. The nature of montmorillonite is related to its chemical composition and internal structure. The fly ash and the bentonite are matched to play a role of a blocking agent.

Ammonium sulfate, colorless crystals or white particles. It is mainly used as fertilizer and is suitable for various soils and crops. Heating to 513 deg.C to decompose ammonia gas, nitrogen gas, sulfur dioxide and water. Ammonia gas is released when the ammonia gas reacts with alkalis. Reacting with barium chloride solution to generate barium sulfate precipitate. The protein may also be salted out. It is used in common soil and crop, and can promote the growth of branches and leaves, raise fruit quality and yield, strengthen the resistance of crop to disaster, and may be used as base fertilizer, top dressing and seed fertilizer. In the regulator, a large amount of humic acid, humic acid and ammonium sulfate are produced by fermentation, and substances with the functions of regulating and controlling the growth and development of plants comprise auxin, gibberellin, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, brassinolide and the like.

Aluminum sulfate, white orthorhombic crystalline powder, density 1.69g/mL (25 ℃ C.). In the paper industry, the product can be used as a precipitator for sizing materials such as rosin size, wax emulsion and the like, a flocculating agent in water treatment, an internal retention agent of a foam fire extinguisher, a raw material for manufacturing alum and aluminum white, a raw material for petroleum decoloration, a deodorizing agent, a raw material for certain medicines and the like. Artificial gem and high-grade ammonium alum can also be produced. The flocculant is used for treating drinking water, industrial water and industrial wastewater, is not easy to be weathered to lose crystal water, is relatively stable, can lose water when heated, and can be decomposed into alumina and sulfur oxides at high temperature. The study on the auxiliary effect of leaching on the aluminum sulfate-modified soda saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: after the aluminum sulfate is added into the soil for improvement, the soil is leached, so that the salinization degree of the soil can be effectively improved; the effect of improving chemical components of soil is obvious, but a large amount of added aluminum sulfate passes along with leaching, and meanwhile, under the action of vibration and the like, part of aluminum sulfate hydrocolloid formed by adding aluminum sulfate for the first time is damaged, so that the effect of improving soil by aluminum sulfate is influenced. When the soil is not washed, the addition of the aluminum sulfate effectively improves the soil property, and particularly has obvious effect on reducing the alkalization degree of the soil. The soil pH value, the soil volume weight, the soil particle size and the like can all improve the soil, and the effect is obvious.

Ferrous sulfate, monoclinic crystal or granule with blue-green color, and no odor. Used for flocculation purification of water and removal of phosphate from municipal and industrial sewage to prevent eutrophication of water bodies. Regulating soil pH value, promoting chlorophyll formation (also called as iron fertilizer), and preventing and treating yellow spot of flowers and trees caused by iron deficiency. Is an indispensable element for acid-loving flowers and trees, particularly for sago cycas. The pesticide can also be used as agricultural chemicals for preventing and treating wheat smut, scab of apples and pears and rot of fruit trees; it can also be used as fertilizer for removing moss and lichen from trunk.

The iron diaminethumate, also called iron fulvate, more precisely called iron fulvate chelate, is a mixture of natural aromatic carboxylic acids extracted from peat, lignite or weathered coal by Fulvic Acid (FA), which contains a large amount of active functional groups, including carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinonyl, enol-group, methoxy, etc., and can form coordinate bonds with metal cations with more than two valences, i.e. to form complexes or chelates, thus being beneficial to absorption and utilization of various beneficial elements by plants and improving the utilization rate of nutrients. The fulvic acid and divalent iron element are chelated to form fulvic acid chelated iron, so that the synthesis of chlorophyll in a plant body can be effectively promoted, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient elements by the plant is improved, the fulvic acid chelated iron is a main component of a trace element functional fertilizer, and the iron deficiency of leaves such as yellow leaves, leaf rolling leaflets and flower leaves can be improved.

Medium trace elements are added aiming at the condition that the saline-alkali soil is lack of trace elements, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is effectively improved. Most of the medium and trace elements used in China are simple inorganic salts, and the utilization rate is limited to a certain extent. Once the inorganic active medium and trace elements enter the fertilizer and are applied to soil, most of the inorganic active medium and trace elements lose activity and can be absorbed by plants very little, so even if balanced fertilization and balanced fertilizer distribution are carried out, balanced absorption by crops is not equal, and the reason why the soil balanced fertilization is tested is that the crops still have nutrient deficiency symptoms. The amino acid chelating agent can be directly absorbed by plants to stimulate the growth of the plants, can be directly utilized by the plants without photosynthesis, can protect metal ions from generating side reactions with other substances when being used as a chelate, and can also be absorbed and utilized by crops after the metal ions reach the required parts of the plants, so the amino acid medium-trace element chelate is an organic medium-trace element fertilizer with excellent performance, low price and moderate chelating constant, and can effectively solve the contradiction between balanced fertilizer preparation and balanced absorption of the crops.

Nitrification inhibitors refer to a class of chemicals that inhibit the bioconversion process of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate Nitrogen (NCT). Nitrification inhibitors reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of nitrate nitrogen and the effects on the ecological environment by reducing the formation and accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil. Partial research results show that the nitrification inhibitor is beneficial to reducing the leaching loss of nitrogen and the emission of greenhouse gases (nitrogen oxides), and has positive effect on improving the fertilizer efficiency under certain conditions.

After the low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is used for improving, the original microbial community of the soil is activated, and the vitality of the soil is recovered; the fertilizer has strong water retention capacity, and can effectively inhibit plant diseases and insect pests; the invention improves the salt content, pH value and organic matter content of the soil; the invention has simple composition, convenient preparation method and convenient use, and can be directly applied and ploughed.

Detailed Description

Example 1. The low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that: the density of the low-density organic bacterial fertilizer is 0.7g/cm³；

The organic fertilizer comprises: 0.5% of medium trace nutrient elements, 2% of fly ash, 1% of ammonium sulfate, 0.1% of ferrous sulfate, 0.1% of fulvic acid diamine iron, 1% of immobilized beauveria bassiana culture, 1% of immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture, 0.2% of chelating agent, 0.05% of nitrification inhibitor, 0.15% of aluminum sulfate and the balance of fermentation organic matters;

the fermented organic matter is a product obtained by adding mushroom residues into straw crushed matter to adjust the water content to 40%, stacking and fermenting the immobilized white rot fungus culture at high temperature, adding bentonite with the mass percentage of 3% of the fermented organic matter, and stacking and fermenting the fermented organic matter and the saline-alkali resistant compound microbial agent; the saline-alkali tolerant composite microbial inoculum is provided by the Shen Yi Kangle agricultural materials purchasing and selling center in Shandong province, and the trade name is Jieyang Shen brand biological salt-dissolving bacteria.

N + P of the organic fertilizer₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the pH value is 6, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the total viable count of microorganisms is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g。

step 1: collecting mushroom residue, adding crushed stalk, mixing, and adjusting water content to 45%.

Step 2: mixing immobilized white rot fungi in an amount of 1.5% of the dry weight of the material obtained in step 1, and stirring thoroughly.

And step 3: stacking the substances obtained in the step (2) into strip piles, wherein the width of the bottom of each strip pile is 2 meters, the width of the top of each strip pile is 1 meter, the height of each strip pile is 0.8 meter, and the length of each pile is determined according to the field; covering the film, starting fermentation, and removing the plastic film when the temperature of the material with the depth of 20 cm in the stack is increased to 75 ℃; punching holes on the strip stacks, wherein the hole distance is 1.25 m, the hole diameter is 70mm, and the hole depth is equal to the height of the strip stacks;

fermenting in summer for 3 days.

And 4, step 4: turning over the pile and adding bentonite.

And 5: mixing the immobilized salt-resistant complex microbial inoculum into the stack according to 0.5 percent of the weight ratio of the materials in the stack, turning and tamping the stack once a day, and keeping the temperature of the materials with the depth of 20 centimeters in the stack at 28 ℃ for 8 days; then, turning and tamping are carried out according to the condition of stack temperature, turning and tamping are not carried out when the temperature rises, turning and tamping are carried out when the temperature stops rising, and the step is repeated until the mass percentage of the low-temperature drying water content is 18 percent when the stack temperature is the same as the outdoor temperature; the drying temperature is not more than 45 ℃.

Step 6: separately activating and gradually culturing Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center according to the provided strain specification, and compounding to obtain immobilized Beauveria bassiana culture and immobilized Metarrhizium anisopliae culture, wherein the microbial enzyme activity unit of International System is used as a measurement unit, and the viable count is 4 × 10⁹cfu/ml; adding medium and trace nutrient elements, fly ash, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium iron xanthohumate, immobilized white rot fungus culture, immobilized green muscardine fungus culture, chelating agent, nitrification inhibitor and aluminum sulfate, mixing into the material in the pile, measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the material in the pile, and supplementing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to make the N + P of the material in the pile₂O₅+K₂And (4) O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain the low-density insect-resistant vegetable organic bacterial fertilizer.

The preparation method of the immobilized beauveria bassiana culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits and cross-linked polyacrylamide are mixed with dry materials according to the weight ratio of 6:2:1:0.2, water is added to form a composite culture medium, and the weight ratio of the mixed dry materials to the water is 1: 0.7; inoculating the activated beauveria bassiana to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75-85% until white hyphae overgrow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

The preparation method of the immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits, glucose, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed according to the weight ratio of 6:20:1:0.8: 1.2: 0.6, preparing a culture medium, inoculating the activated metarhizium anisopliae to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at 20 ℃ and 70% relative humidity until white hyphae grow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a metarhizium anisopliae culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

The medium trace nutrient elements are medium copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, selenium, sulfur, silicon, calcium, magnesium and rare earth elements of a fully water-soluble medium trace element fertilizer, and are produced by Shandong Ruifeng commercial and trade company Limited.

The preparation method of the immobilized salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculum culture comprises the following steps:

carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the halophilic bacteria in a culture medium for 166 hours to obtain halophilic bacteria fermentation liquor, and inoculating the halophilic bacteria fermentation liquor into the culture medium;

the culture medium comprises: 2 parts of herba pythae powder, 2 parts of bran, 0.8 part of laver powder, 0.25 part of yeast extract and KH₂PO₄0.15 part of MgSO 2₄0.05 part of solarization raw salt, 0.05 part of VB₁0.001 part by weight of each component; each component is calculated by weight; adding 48 liters of water into each kilogram of the culture medium, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5 to prepare the culture medium;

The amino acid chelating agent is histidine.

The nitrification inhibitor is azapyridine.

The preparation method of the immobilized white rot fungus culture comprises the following steps:

adding small corn cob blocks serving as white rot fungus carriers into a potato sucrose liquid culture medium inoculated with the activated white rot fungi according to the volume ratio of 2%, statically culturing for 2 days at 37 ℃, then performing shaking culture for one day, transferring the corn cob blocks tightly wound with white rot fungus mycelia into an activation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and statically culturing for 4 days at 30 ℃ under the ventilation condition; drying at low temperature to ensure that the mass percent of the water content is below 17%;

The temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

Example 2. The low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that: the density of the low-density organic bacterial fertilizer is 1.0g/cm³；

The organic fertilizer comprises: 1% of medium trace nutrient elements, 5% of fly ash, 1.8% of ammonium sulfate, 0.15% of ferrous sulfate, 0.25% of fulvic acid diamine iron, 1.5% of immobilized beauveria bassiana culture, 1.5% of immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture, 0.5% of chelating agent, 0.1% of nitrification inhibitor, 0.35% of aluminum sulfate and the balance of fermented organic matters;

the fermented organic matter is a product obtained by adding mushroom residues into straw crushed matter to adjust the water content to 45%, stacking and fermenting the mushroom residues and immobilized white rot fungus culture at high temperature, adding bentonite with the mass percentage of the fermented organic matter of 8%, and stacking and fermenting the bentonite and the saline-alkali resistant composite microbial agent; the saline-alkali tolerant composite microbial inoculum is provided by the Shen Yi Kangle agricultural materials purchasing and selling center in Shandong province, and the trade name is Jieyang Shen brand biological salt-dissolving bacteria.

N + P of the organic fertilizer₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the pH value is 6.0, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the total viable count of microorganisms is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g。

step 1: collecting mushroom residue, adding crushed stalk, mixing, and adjusting water content to 50%.

Step 2: mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, stirring, mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, and stirring. The addition amount of the immobilized white rot fungi is 3 percent of the dry weight of the substance in the step 1.

And step 3: stacking the substances obtained in the step (2) into strip piles, wherein the width of the bottom of each strip pile is 2 meters, the width of the top of each strip pile is 1 meter, the height of each strip pile is 1 meter, and the length of each pile is determined according to the field; covering the film, starting fermentation, and removing the plastic film when the temperature of the material with the depth of 30 cm in the stack is increased to 75 ℃; punching on the strip pile, wherein the hole distance is 1.5 meters, the hole diameter is 100mm, and the hole depth is equal to the height of the strip pile;

fermenting in summer for 4 days.

And 4, step 4: turning over the pile and adding bentonite.

And 5: mixing the immobilized salt-resistant composite microbial inoculum into the stack according to the weight ratio of 1.5 percent of the materials in the stack, turning and tamping the stack once a day, and keeping the temperature of the materials with the depth of 30 centimeters in the stack at 35 ℃ for 10 days; then, turning and tamping are carried out according to the condition of stack temperature, turning and tamping are not carried out when the temperature rises, turning and tamping are carried out when the temperature stops rising, and the step is repeated until the mass percentage of the low-temperature drying water content is 22 percent when the stack temperature is the same as the outdoor temperature; the drying temperature is not more than 45 ℃.

Step 6: separately activating and gradually culturing Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center according to the provided strain specification, and compounding to obtain immobilized Beauveria bassiana culture and immobilized Metarrhizium anisopliae culture, wherein the microbial enzyme activity unit of International System is used as a measurement unit, and the viable count is 6 × 10⁹cfu/ml; adding medium and trace nutrient elements, fly ash, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium iron xanthohumate, immobilized white rot fungus culture, immobilized green muscardine fungus culture, chelating agent, nitrification inhibitor and aluminum sulfate, mixing into the material in the pile, measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the material in the pile, and supplementing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to make the N + P of the material in the pile₂O₅+K₂And (4) the content of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain the low-density insect-resistant vegetable organic bacterial fertilizer.

The preparation method of the immobilized beauveria bassiana culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits and cross-linked polyacrylamide are mixed with dry materials according to the weight ratio of 7:3:2:0.4, water is added to form a composite culture medium, and the weight ratio of the mixed dry materials to the water is 1: 0.8; inoculating activated beauveria bassiana to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C and 785% relative humidity until white hypha overgrows, and oven drying at low temperature to water content below 17 wt% to obtain culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

The preparation method of the immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits, glucose, ammonium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate are mixed according to the weight ratio of 9:35:2:1.6: 2.5: 1.6 to prepare a culture medium, inoculating the activated metarhizium anisopliae to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at the temperature of 28 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75% until white hyphae grow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to prepare a metarhizium anisopliae culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the halophilic bacteria in a culture medium for 170 hours to obtain halophilic bacteria fermentation liquor, and inoculating the halophilic bacteria fermentation liquor into the culture medium;

the culture medium comprises: 4 parts of herba pythae powder, 4 parts of bran, 1.2 parts of laver powder, 0.35 part of yeast extract and KH₂PO₄0.25 part of MgSO 2₄0.15 part of solarization raw salt, 0.15 part of VB₁0.001 part by weight of each component; each component is calculated by weight; adding 52 liters of water into each kilogram of the culture medium, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0 to prepare the culture medium;

The amino acid chelating agent is cysteine.

The nitrification inhibitor is nitropyridine or azapyridine.

adding small corn cob blocks serving as white rot fungus carriers into a potato sucrose liquid culture medium inoculated with the activated white rot fungi according to the volume ratio of 30%, performing static culture at 37 ℃ for 5 days, performing shaking culture for one day, transferring the corn cob blocks tightly wound with white rot fungus mycelia into an activation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 7%, and performing static culture at 30 ℃ for 6 days under the ventilation condition; drying at low temperature to ensure that the mass percent of the water content is below 17%;

the components of the survival promoting culture medium are as follows: sucrose 0.6 g.L^～1Ammonium tartrate 1.2 g.L^～1，NaCl0.1g·L^～1，KH₂PO₄1.5g·L^～1，MgSO₄·7H₂O0.5g·L^～1，MnSO₄·H₂O0.035g·L^～1，VB₁0.1mg·L^～1。

The temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

Example 3. The low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that: the density of the low-density organic bacterial fertilizer is 0.85g/cm³；

The organic fertilizer comprises: 01% of medium trace nutrient elements, 3.5% of fly ash, 1.8% of ammonium sulfate, 0.1% of ferrous sulfate, 0.25% of fulvic acid diamine iron, 1.5% of immobilized beauveria bassiana culture, 1.2% of immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture, 0.5% of chelating agent, 0.1% of nitrification inhibitor, 0.25% of aluminum sulfate and the balance of fermentation organic matters;

the fermented organic matter is a product obtained by adding mushroom residues into straw crushed matter to adjust the water content to 40-45%, stacking and fermenting the immobilized white rot fungus culture at high temperature, adding bentonite with the mass percentage of 3-8% of the fermented organic matter, and stacking and fermenting the fermented organic matter and the saline-alkali resistant composite microbial agent; the saline-alkali tolerant composite microbial inoculum is provided by the Shen Yi Kangle agricultural materials purchasing and selling center in Shandong province, and the trade name is Jieyang Shen brand biological salt-dissolving bacteria.

N + P of the organic fertilizer₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the pH value is 6.3, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the total viable count of microorganisms is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g。

step 1: collecting mushroom residue, adding crushed stalk, mixing, and adjusting water content to 48%.

And 2, step: mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, stirring, mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, and stirring.

And step 3: stacking the substances obtained in the step (2) into strip piles, wherein the width of the bottom of each strip pile is 2 meters, and the addition amount of the high-top immobilized white rot fungi is 2.5 percent of the dry weight of the substances in the step (1).

The width of the part is 1m, the pile height is 1.5 m, and the pile length is determined according to the field; covering the film, starting fermentation, and removing the plastic film when the temperature of the material with the depth of 25 cm in the stack is increased to 75 ℃; punching holes on the strip stacks, wherein the hole distance is 1.5 m, the hole diameter is 70mm, and the hole depth is equal to the height of the strip stacks;

fermenting for 4 days in spring.

And 4, step 4: turning over the pile and adding bentonite.

And 5: mixing the immobilized salt-resistant composite microbial inoculum into the stack according to the weight ratio of 1% of the materials in the stack, turning and tamping the stack once a day, and keeping the temperature of the materials with the depth of 30 cm in the stack at 35 ℃ for 10 days; then, turning and tamping are carried out according to the condition of stack temperature, turning and tamping are not carried out when the temperature rises, turning and tamping are carried out when the temperature stops rising, and the step is repeated until the mass percentage of the low-temperature drying water content is 22 percent when the stack temperature is the same as the outdoor temperature; the drying temperature is not more than 45 ℃.

Step 6: separately activating Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center according to the provided strain specifications, gradually culturing, and compounding to obtain immobilized Beauveria bassiana culture and immobilized Metarrhizium anisopliae culture, wherein the microbial enzyme activity unit of international system is used as metering unit, and the viable count is 5 × 10⁹cfu/ml; adding medium and trace nutrient elements, fly ash, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium iron xanthohumate, immobilized white rot fungus culture, immobilized green muscardine fungus culture, chelating agent, nitrification inhibitor and aluminum sulfate, mixing with the material in the stack, measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the material in the stack, and supplementing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to make the N + P of the material in the stack₂O₅+K₂And (4) the content of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain the low-density insect-resistant vegetable organic bacterial fertilizer.

The preparation method of the immobilized beauveria bassiana culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits and cross-linked polyacrylamide are mixed with dry materials according to the weight ratio of 7:2:1:0.2, water is added to form a composite culture medium, and the weight ratio of the mixed dry materials to the water is 1: 0.7; inoculating the activated beauveria bassiana to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75-85% until white hyphae overgrow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

The preparation method of the immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits, glucose, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed according to a weight ratio of 8:25:15:1.2: 2: 1.4 to prepare a culture medium, inoculating the activated metarhizium anisopliae to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 72 percent until white hyphae grow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17 percent by mass to prepare a metarhizium anisopliae culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the salt-decomposing bacteria in a culture medium for 5170 hours to obtain salt-decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor, and inoculating the salt-decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor into the culture medium;

the culture medium comprises: 3 parts of herba pythae powder, 3 parts of bran, 1.1 parts of laver powder, 0.35 part of yeast extract and KH₂PO₄0.25 part of MgSO 2₄0.15 part of solarization raw salt, 0.15 part of VB₁0.001 part by weight of each component; each component is calculated by weight; adding 48 liters of water into each kilogram of the culture medium, and adjusting the pH value to 6.8 to prepare the culture medium;

after fermentation, drying at low temperature to enable the water content of the complex microbial inoculum to be below 17 percent by mass to prepare an immobilized salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculum culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

The amino acid chelating agent is glycine.

The nitrification inhibitor is 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate.

adding a small corn cob block serving as a white rot fungus carrier into a potato sucrose liquid culture medium inoculated with the activated white rot fungus according to the volume ratio of 25%, statically culturing for 3 days at 37 ℃, then performing shaking culture for one day, transferring the corn cob block tightly wound with the white rot fungus mycelium into an activation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 67%, and statically culturing for 5 days at 30 ℃ under the ventilation condition; drying at low temperature to ensure that the mass percent of the water content is below 17%;

The temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

Example 4. The low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that: the density of the low-density organic bacterial fertilizer is 0.93g/cm³；

The organic fertilizer comprises: 1% of medium trace nutrient elements, 3.5% of fly ash, 1.8% of ammonium sulfate, 0.1% of ferrous sulfate, 0.1% of fulvic acid diamine iron, 1.2% of immobilized beauveria bassiana culture, 1.5% of immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture, 0.3% of chelating agent, 0.1% of nitrification inhibitor, 0.15% of aluminum sulfate and the balance of fermentation organic matters;

N + P of the organic fertilizer₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the pH value is 6.2, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the total viable count of microorganisms is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g。

Step 2: mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, stirring, mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, and stirring. The addition amount of the immobilized white rot fungi is 2.5 percent of the dry weight of the substance in the step 1.

And step 3: stacking the substances obtained in the step (2) into strip piles, wherein the width of the bottom of each strip pile is 2 meters, the width of the top of each strip pile is 1 meter, the height of each strip pile is 1.2 meters, and the length of each pile is determined according to the field; covering the film, starting fermentation, and removing the plastic film when the temperature of the material with the depth of 30 cm in the stack is increased to 75 ℃; punching holes on the strip stacks, wherein the hole distance is 1.5 m, the hole diameter is 100mm, and the hole depth is equal to the height of the strip stacks;

fermenting for 6 days in winter.

And 4, step 4: turning over the pile and adding bentonite.

And 5: mixing the immobilized salt-tolerant composite microbial inoculum into the stack according to the weight ratio of 1.2 percent of the materials in the stack, turning and tamping once a day, and keeping the temperature of the materials with the depth of 30 centimeters in the stack at 35 ℃ for 10 days; then, turning and tamping are carried out according to the condition of stack temperature, turning and tamping are not carried out when the temperature rises, turning and tamping are carried out when the temperature stops rising, and the step is repeated until the mass percentage of the low-temperature drying water content is 18 percent when the stack temperature is the same as the outdoor temperature; the drying temperature is not more than 45 ℃.

The preparation method of the immobilized beauveria bassiana culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits and cross-linked polyacrylamide are mixed with dry materials according to the weight ratio of 7:3:1:0.2, water is added to form a composite culture medium, and the weight ratio of the mixed dry materials to the water is 1: 0.7; inoculating activated beauveria bassiana to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at 20 ℃ and relative humidity of 85% until white hyphae overgrow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

The preparation method of the immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits, glucose, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed according to a weight ratio of 9:20:1:0.8: 2.5: 0.6, preparing a culture medium, inoculating the activated metarhizium anisopliae to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 70% until white hyphae grow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a metarhizium anisopliae culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

the culture medium comprises: cattail powder 14 parts, bran 3 parts, laver powder 31.2 parts, yeast extract 30.35 parts, KH₂PO₄30.25 parts of MgSO 2₄0.15 part of solarization raw salt, 0.15 part of VB₁0.001 part by weight of each component; each component is calculated by weight; adding 50 liters of water into each kilogram of the culture medium, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0 to prepare the culture medium;

The amino acid chelating agent is lysine.

The nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide.

Example 5. The low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that: the density of the low-density organic bacterial fertilizer is 0.92g/cm³；

The organic fertilizer comprises: 0.7% of medium trace nutrient elements, 3% of fly ash, 1.5% of ammonium sulfate, 0.12% of ferrous sulfate, 0.2% of fulvic acid diamine iron, 1.4% of immobilized beauveria bassiana culture, 1.3% of immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture, 0.3% of chelating agent, 0.05% of nitrification inhibitor, 0.23% of aluminum sulfate and the balance of fermented organic matters;

N + P of the organic fertilizer₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the pH value is 6.4, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the total viable count of microorganisms is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g。

And step 3: stacking the substances obtained in the step (2) into strip piles, wherein the width of the bottom of each strip pile is 2 meters, the width of the top of each strip pile is 1 meter, the height of each strip pile is 1.5 meters, and the length of each pile is determined according to the field; covering the film, starting fermentation, and removing the plastic film when the temperature of the material with the depth of 30 cm in the stack is increased to 75 ℃; punching holes on the strip stacks, wherein the hole distance is 1.5 m, the hole diameter is 70mm, and the hole depth is equal to the height of the strip stacks;

fermenting for 6 days in winter.

And 4, step 4: turning over the pile and adding bentonite.

And 5: mixing the immobilized salt-resistant composite microbial inoculum into the stack according to the weight ratio of 1.3 percent of the materials in the stack, turning and tamping the stack once a day, and keeping the temperature of the materials with the depth of 30 centimeters in the stack at 33 ℃ for 9 days; then, turning and tamping are carried out according to the condition of stack temperature, turning and tamping are not carried out when the temperature rises, turning and tamping are carried out when the temperature stops rising, and the step is repeated until the mass percentage of the low-temperature drying water content is 20 percent when the stack temperature is the same as the outdoor temperature; the drying temperature is not more than 45 ℃.

And 6: separately activating and gradually culturing Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center according to the provided strain specification, and compounding to obtain immobilized Beauveria bassiana culture and immobilized Metarrhizium anisopliae culture, wherein the microbial enzyme activity unit of International System is used as a measurement unit, and the viable count is 5.5 × 10⁹cfu/ml; adding medium and trace nutrient elements, fly ash, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium iron xanthohumate, immobilized white rot fungus culture, immobilized green muscardine fungus culture, chelating agent, nitrification inhibitor and aluminum sulfate, mixing into the material in the pile, measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the material in the pile, and supplementing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to make the N + P of the material in the pile₂O₅+K₂And (4) O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain the low-density insect-resistant vegetable organic bacterial fertilizer.

The preparation method of the immobilized beauveria bassiana culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits and cross-linked polyacrylamide are mixed with dry materials according to the weight ratio of 6:2.5:1.5:03, water is added to form a composite culture medium, and the weight ratio of the mixed dry materials to the water is 1: 0.75; inoculating activated beauveria bassiana to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at 25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 80% until white hyphae overgrow, and drying at a low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

The preparation method of the immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture comprises the following steps: wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits, glucose, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed according to the weight ratio of 8:230:1.5:0.9: 1.3: 1.5 to prepare a culture medium, inoculating the activated metarhizium anisopliae to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 72% until white hyphae grow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to prepare a metarhizium anisopliae culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

the culture medium comprises: 3 parts of herba pythae powder, 3 parts of bran, 1.1 parts of laver powder, 0.35 part of yeast extract and KH₂PO₄0.18 part of MgSO 2₄0.1 part of solarization raw salt 0.05 part of VB₁0.001 part by weight of each component; each component is calculated by weight; adding 50 liters of water into each kilogram of the culture medium, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0 to prepare the culture medium;

The amino acid chelating agent is methionine.

The nitrification inhibitor is nitropyridine.

The temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

Application case.

1. Test materials

1.1 test fertilizers: the low-density water-retaining insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is disclosed by the embodiment.

1.2 test crops and varieties: spinach; the Netherlands K4.

1.3 cultivation mode: cultivation in arched shed

1.4 demonstration sites: shandong province, chat about Guang Tang Yi Zhen Zhuzhuang village.

1.5 soil basic conditions: see Table 1

TABLE 1 Experimental saline land plot soil condition

Soil nutrient status table

1.6 test time: 25/2/2020-20/4/2020.

2. Test treatment

The experiment was set to four treatments, three replicates. Each cell area is 33.4m²。

1. Blank area: no fertilization treatment is carried out.

2. Control area (farmer's conventional fertilization treatment area): basal application compound fertilizer (25-10-10% or more than 45%, 40kg/667 m)²。

3. A first test area (a farmer conventional fertilization and low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner treatment area):

40kg/667m of basal application compound fertilizer (25-10-10 is more than or equal to 45 percent)²+ 40kg/667m of low-density water-retaining insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner²。

4. A second test area (a conventional farmer fertilization and surplus organic fertilizer treatment area):

40kg/667m of basal application compound fertilizer (25-10-10 is more than or equal to 45 percent)²80kg/667m of low-density water-retaining insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner²。

The clear water is poured once for each treatment 15 days before harvesting.

3. Results and analysis

3.1 Effect on yield:

3 points were taken for each treatment, and 1m2 was taken for each point in turn for weighing measurement and calculation. (see Table 2)

Table 2 spinach yield scale units for each community: kg/667m²

Treatment of	Repetition I	Repetition II	Repeat III
				Blank area	1706.7	1746.7	1786.7
Control zone	2073.3	2100	2113.3
				Test area one	2106.7	2140	2153.3
Test area two	2186.7	2213.3	2226.7

Through analysis of variance, F =167.94> Fo01=7.59 shows that the spinach is applied with the low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner to achieve a very significant level of yield influence.

3.2 Effect on diameter (stem thickness):

taking 3 points for each treatment, taking 10 pieces of each point in turn for diameter measurement, and calculating and sorting after averaging. (see Table 3)

Table 3 spinach diameter values for each plot in table units: cm

Treatment of	Repetition I	Repeat II	Repeat III
				Blank area	1.36	1.38	1.4
Control zone	1.4	1.42	1.44
				Test area one	1.43	1.45	1.48
Test area two	1.47	1.48	1.53

Analysis of variance, F =11.32>F_0.01And =7.59, which indicates that the influence of the low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner applied to the spinach in the saline-alkali land on the stem thickness is extremely remarkable.

3.3 Effect on plant height:

each treatment was performed at 3 points, and 10 plants were measured at each point in turn, averaged and then calculated (see table 4).

3.4 input-output ratio

Through actual production, the average price of spinach in the market is 3 yuan/kg, and the average price of the spinach in the embodiment is 2 yuan/kg, and as can be seen from the table 5:

by applying the modifying agent, the actual yield test point of spinach in the test area reaches 2133.3kg/667m2, the yield is increased by 386.6 kg/mu compared with the blank, the yield is increased by 22.13 percent, and the net income is increased by 919.8 yuan/mu. The actual yield test point of the spinach in the test area reaches 2208.9kg/667m2, ratio

The blank yield is increased by 462.2kg, the yield is increased by 26.46 percent, and the net income is increased by 1066.6 yuan/mu; the yield is increased by 113.4 kg/mu compared with the control, and the net income is increased

180.2 yuan/mu (see Table 5)

TABLE 5 spinach yield increase and income increase comparison table

3.5 Effect on commercial products and biological traits

According to field observation, the spinach has vigorous growth vigor, bright green leaf color, wide and large leaves, round and thick leaves, increased gray mold resistance, luster and storage and transportation resistance by applying the surplus organic fertilizer.

4. And (6) concluding.

Through tests on yield, diameter and plant height of spinach, the influence of the organic fertilizer on the yield, the plant height and the diameter reaches a very significant level.

And (II) by applying the modifying agent, the spinach has vigorous growth vigor, bright green leaf color, wide and large leaf, round and thick, luster and storage and transportation resistance. Has good commercial properties.

(III) when the low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied to spinach, the actual yield reaches 2208.9kg/667m2, the yield is increased by 462.2kg compared with the blank, the yield is increased by 26.46 percent, and the net yield is increased by 1066.6 yuan/mu; compared with the contrast, the yield is increased by 113.4 kg/mu, the net yield increase by 180.2 yuan/mu is obvious in yield increase effect, the economic benefit is better, and the popularization prospect is good.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only for understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes or modifications, and all equivalent changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that: the density of the low-density organic bacterial fertilizer is 0.7-1.0g/cm³；

the fermentation organic matter is a product obtained by adding mushroom residues into straw crushed matter to adjust the water content to 40-45%, stacking and fermenting the immobilized white rot fungus culture at high temperature, adding bentonite with the mass percentage of 3-8% of the fermentation organic matter, and stacking and fermenting the fermentation organic matter and the immobilized salt-resistant composite microbial inoculum culture;

2. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: collecting mushroom residue, adding crushed stalk, mixing, and adjusting water content to 45-50%;

step 2: mixing with immobilized white rot fungi, stirring completely; the addition amount of the immobilized white rot fungi is 1.5-3% of the dry weight of the substances in the step 1;

fermenting for 5-6 days in winter, and fermenting for 3-4 days in spring, summer and autumn;

and 4, step 4: turning over and adding bentonite;

and 5: mixing the immobilized salt-resistant composite microbial inoculum into the stack according to the weight ratio of 0.5-1.5% of the materials in the stack, turning and tamping the stack once a day, and keeping the temperature of the materials with the depth of 20-30 cm in the stack at 28-35 ℃ for 8-10 days; then, turning and tamping are carried out according to the condition of stack temperature, turning and tamping are not carried out when the temperature rises, turning and tamping are carried out when the temperature stops rising, and the step is repeated until the mass percentage of the low-temperature drying water content is 18-22% when the stack temperature is the same as the outdoor temperature; the drying temperature is not more than 45 ℃;

step 6: separately activating beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center according to the provided strain specifications, performing step-by-step amplification culture, and compounding to obtain immobilized beauveria bassiana culture and immobilized Metarrhizium anisopliae culture, wherein the viable count of the beauveria bassiana culture and the immobilized Metarrhizium anisopliae culture is 4-6 × 10 by taking the microbial enzyme activity unit of international unit system as a measurement unit⁹cfu/ml; adding medium and trace nutrient elements, fly ash and sulfuric acidMixing ammonium, ferrous sulfate, ammonium iron diaminethione fulvate, immobilized white rot fungus culture, immobilized Metarrhizium anisopliae culture, chelating agent, nitrification inhibitor, and aluminum sulfate into the material in the pile, measuring nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the material in the pile, and supplementing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer to make N + P of the material in the pile₂O₅+K₂And (4) the content of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain the low-density insect-resistant vegetable organic bacterial fertilizer.

3. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the immobilized beauveria bassiana culture comprises the following steps:

wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits and crosslinked polyacrylamide are mixed with dry materials according to the weight ratio of 6-7: 2-3: 1-2: 0.2-0.4, water is added to form a composite culture medium, and the weight ratio of the mixed dry materials to the water is 1: 0.7-0.8; inoculating the activated beauveria bassiana to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at the temperature of 20-28 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75-85% until white hypha overgrows, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

4. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the immobilized metarhizium anisopliae culture comprises the following steps:

wheat bran, rice chaff, corn grits, glucose, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed according to the weight ratio of 6-9: 20-35: 1-2: 0.8-1.6: 1.2-2.5: 0.6-1.6, inoculating the activated metarhizium anisopliae to a post-compound culture medium, culturing at 20-28 ℃ and 70-75% of relative humidity until white hyphae overgrow, and drying at low temperature until the water content is below 17% by mass to obtain a metarhizium anisopliae culture; the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.

5. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the medium and trace nutrient elements comprise medium elements and trace elements; the secondary elements include calcium, magnesium and sulfur; the trace elements include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron and chlorine.

6. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the immobilized salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculum culture comprises the following steps:

7. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the amino acid chelating agent is one or more of methionine, lysine, glycine, cysteine and histidine.

8. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nitrification inhibitor is one of nitropyridine or azapyridine, dicyandiamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate.

9. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the immobilized white rot fungus culture comprises the following steps:

10. The method for preparing a low-density water-retention insect-resistant saline-alkali soil amendment as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the low-temperature drying is not higher than 40 ℃.