CN114766318A - Method for preparing 'four-way' seedling planting soil and application - Google Patents
Method for preparing 'four-way' seedling planting soil and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114766318A CN114766318A CN202210540890.XA CN202210540890A CN114766318A CN 114766318 A CN114766318 A CN 114766318A CN 202210540890 A CN202210540890 A CN 202210540890A CN 114766318 A CN114766318 A CN 114766318A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing 'four-way' seedling planting soil, which comprises the steps of collecting trimmed branches of seedlings in an original habitat, and crushing the trimmed branches into small sections to obtain crushed products of the trimmed branches in the original habitat; collecting rhizosphere soil of the original habitat of the nursery stock, mixing the rhizosphere soil with the obtained ground product of the pruned branches of the original habitat, composting and fermenting to obtain a compost product of the original habitat; collecting and crushing the pruned branches near the new habitat of the nursery stock into small sections to obtain crushed products of the pruned branches in the new habitat; collecting rhizosphere soil of the new habitat of the nursery stock, mixing the rhizosphere soil with the obtained crushed branches of the new habitat, composting and fermenting to obtain a new habitat compost product; and mixing the obtained primordial environment compost product or the new environment compost product with garden soil of a planting field to prepare the 'four-purpose' seedling planting soil. The seedling planting soil prepared by the method can enable introduced or transplanted 'four-element' seedlings to adapt to a new habitat quickly and improve the growth adaptability of the new habitat of the seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant ecology, and relates to a method for preparing 'four-chemical' seedling planting soil and application thereof.
Background
With the vigorous development of urban ecological construction, the urban garden greening, color flower, rareness and benefit (four-purpose for short) are on the way. The Shanghai city greening and urban content management bureau compiles successive publications of a 'four-part' compendium of parks green land of Shanghai city, a 'four-part construction' guide rule of parks green land of Shanghai city, a 'four-part' woody plant directory (the first batch) (the second batch) of books and the like of Shanghai city, and the 'four-part' plants are scientifically configured by fully utilizing arbor and shrub grass to enhance the brightness and add the color to the urban landscape, so that the urban ecological function improvement and benefit improvement tamping foundation is realized; the 'four-transformation' plant recommendation directory not only comprises native plants, but also comprises a plurality of exotic new and superior plant species. Therefore, the improvement of the transplanting survival rate of the tetrad plants is an important index for the success of the construction of the tetrad plants. A common means for increasing the survival rate of plant transplantation is to improve the soil formula of the plant pit, for example, a series of methods for improving soil nutrition by adding organic fertilizer, growth regulating hormone, trace elements and the like and improving soil structure by adding river sand, biochar, gypsum and the like. Although the comprehensive methods improve the soil quality of the planting holes and improve the seedling transplanting survival rate to a certain extent, the obtained effect of the method is not obvious and the nutritional requirements and soil conditions of different seedlings with four types cannot be met.
A large number of indigenous microorganisms are symbiotic with the plant rhizosphere in nature and comprise bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, mycorrhizal fungi and other series of beneficial microorganisms, and after the nursery stock is transplanted to a new environment, the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of the nursery stock is rapidly changed, so that the survival, growth and development of the plant are not facilitated.
Therefore, the transplanting planting soil which is precisely suitable for the seedling of the quartering is urgently needed to improve the transplanting survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing 'four-way' seedling planting soil and application thereof, and the method for preparing 'four-way' seedling planting soil and application thereof aim to solve the technical problem of low survival rate of introduced or transplanted plants in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for preparing 'four-purpose' seedling planting soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) collecting the pruned branches of the seedlings in the primordial environment, and crushing the pruned branches into small sections of 1-2cm to obtain the crushed products of the pruned branches in the primordial environment;
2) collecting rhizosphere soil of a seedling habitat, and mixing the rhizosphere soil with the ground branches of the habitat obtained in the step (1) according to the ratio of 16-25: 1, adjusting the water content to 45-55%, piling up the mixture into a pile body, and performing composting fermentation at 25-50 ℃ for 30-60 days to obtain a raw habitat compost product;
3) collecting the trimmed branches near the new habitat of the nursery stock and crushing the trimmed branches into small sections of 1-2cm to obtain crushed products of the trimmed branches in the new habitat;
4) collecting rhizosphere soil of the seedling new habitat, and mixing the rhizosphere soil with the new habitat pruned branch crushed product obtained in the step (3) according to the proportion of 16-25: 1, adjusting the water content to 45-55%, piling up the mixture into a pile body, and performing composting fermentation at 25-50 ℃ for 30-60 days to obtain a new habitat compost product;
5) and (3) mixing the primordial environment compost product obtained in the step (2) or the primordial environment compost product obtained in the step (4) with garden soil of a planting field according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-8 to prepare the seedling planting soil of the tetrad.
Further, the collecting depth of the rhizosphere soil in the step (2) and the step (4) is 0.1-0.3 m.
Further, the mass ratio of the pruned branch crushed products in the step (2) and the step (4) to the rhizosphere soil is 20: 1.
the invention also provides application of the seedling planting soil prepared by any one of the methods in introduction or transplantation of the seedling in the process of quaternization.
Preferably, on the premise that the introduction distance is short and the low-temperature protection measure is in place, the primordial-environment trimmed branches, the primordial-environment rhizosphere soil, the new-environment trimmed branches and the new-environment rhizosphere soil in the steps 1) to 4) can be composted and fermented to obtain the transplanting planting soil according to the preparation method in the step (3).
The invention discloses an application of prepared transplanting planting soil in introduction of seedling in four transformation, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) directly applying the prepared seedling planting soil (5) to the periphery of the rhizosphere of the transplanted tree pit to complete the transplanting of the seedlings.
The planting soil containing the rhizosphere microbiota of the ' four-formed ' seedling habitat and the rhizosphere soil is prepared by collecting the trimmed branches and the rhizosphere soil in the ' four-formed ' seedling habitat and the new habitat through a composting fermentation technology, the four-formed ' seedling habitat and the new habitat have similar rhizosphere microbiota structures, one of the four-formed seedling habitat and the new habitat can be selected according to actual conditions to prepare, and the planting soil and the planting field soil are mixed to prepare the transplanting planting soil. The planting soil for the introduced or transplanted quadruple nursery stocks can adapt to the new habitat quickly and improve the survival rate of the nursery stocks. Meanwhile, the invention can be suitable for transplanting different types of seedlings, different planting fields and transplanting fields, and has wide application range. In addition, the transplanting planting soil prepared by the invention is green and environment-friendly, has low cost and is easy to popularize and use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of positive and obvious technical effect.
1. Branches and rhizosphere soil of the scion of the seedlings in the original habitat or the tetrad of the new habitat are used for composting and fermenting, rhizosphere microbial communities similar to the seedlings in the original habitat or the new habitat are reserved, the transplanted seedlings can adapt to the new habitat more quickly, and the survival rate is improved.
2. The waste trimmed branches are recycled, so that the cost is reduced, the waste is utilized, and the method is more environment-friendly.
3. Can carry out the preparation of adaptability transplanting planting soil to the nursery stock from different introduction fields, has wide application range and is easy to popularize.
Detailed Description
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of protozoon compost articles
(1) Pruning the magnolia denudata which is produced in Henan province and has the age of 15 years to be introduced, cutting and crushing the constructed branches into small sections with the length of 2cm, and obtaining the crushed branches.
(2) Collecting 0.3m of yulan magnolia rhizosphere soil3And collecting the soil with the depth of 0.1-0.3m to obtain the rhizosphere soil of the primordial habitat.
(3) And (3) mixing the crushed branches obtained in the step (1) and the rhizosphere soil of the primordial border obtained in the step (2) according to the ratio of 20: 1, uniformly mixing, and piling to form about 6m3The stack of (2).
(4) Adjusting the water content of the pile to 50%, fermenting at 25-50 deg.C for 45d, turning the pile for 2-3 times until it becomes thoroughly decomposed, and obtaining the protozoon compost product.
Example 2 preparation of a nascent Environment compost article
(1) Selecting a newly-transplanted environment, namely a 'four-part' nursery stock magnolia denudata which healthily grows in the same area of Shanghai, to be transplanted, pruning branches, and crushing the pruned branches into small sections with the length of 2 cm.
(2) 0.3m rhizosphere soil of the area to be transplanted is collected3And collecting the soil with the depth of 0.1-0.3m to obtain the rhizosphere soil of the new habitat.
(3) And (3) mixing the crushed branches obtained in the step (1) and the rhizosphere soil of the new habitat obtained in the step (2) according to the ratio of 20: 1, uniformly mixing, and piling to form about 6m3The stack of (2).
(4) Adjusting the water content of the compost to 50%, fermenting at 25-50 deg.C for 45d, turning the compost for 2-3 times until it becomes thoroughly decomposed, and obtaining the compost product in new environment.
Example 3
One of the protozoon compost product prepared in example 1 or the neozoon compost product prepared in example 2 was processed according to the following ratio 1: 5, mixing the planting field garden soil according to the mass ratio to obtain the transplanting planting soil.
Experimental groups: transplanting 10 white magnolia introduced from Henan to Shanghai, planting the white magnolia with the planting soil prepared above, and maintaining. Two years of testing and statistics after 2 years.
Blank group: transplanting 10 white magnolia introduced from Henan to Shanghai, planting the white magnolia with planting field garden soil (actual planting field), and maintaining. Two years of monitoring and statistics after 2 years.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on transplanting yulan magnolia
The results (table 1) show that the diameters of the flowers of the magnolia denudata in the test group are more than 33% higher than that of the blank group, the leaf areas are more than 25% higher than that of the blank group, the plant heights are more than 25% higher than that of the blank group, and the breast diameters are more than 40% higher than that of the blank group.
Example 4
(1) Collecting 0.15m of healthy soil of the rhizosphere of Shanghai tea plum3(new habitat), and the collection depth is 0.1-0.3 m.
(2) The pruned branches (new habitat) of the Shanghai healthy tea plum are collected and crushed into small segments with the length of 1 cm.
(3) 0.15m rhizosphere soil of Zhejiang tea plum production base is collected3(original habitat), and the collection depth is 0.1-0.3 m.
(4) And collecting the pruned branches (original habitat) of the Zhejiang tea plum production base, and crushing the pruned branches into small sections with the length of 1 cm.
(5) And (3) placing the tea plum rhizosphere soil and the trimmed branches collected in the steps (3) and (4) in a low-temperature heat preservation box to be transported to the Shanghai, and then mixing the original habitat, the trimmed branches of the new habitat and the rhizosphere soil in a mass ratio of 1:1 in the Shanghai tea plum production base to obtain mixed branches and mixed rhizosphere soil.
(6) Mixing the mixed branches obtained in the step (5) with the mixed rhizosphere soil according to a mass ratio of 20: 1, and stacking into 6m3The stack of (1).
(7) Adjusting the water content of the pile obtained in the step (6) to 50%, fermenting for 45d at 25-50 ℃ to obtain a camellia plum rhizosphere compost product, and mixing the camellia plum rhizosphere compost product with garden soil in a mass ratio of 5:1 to prepare transplanting planting soil.
Example 5
Experimental groups: the tea plum transplanting planting soil of example 4 was used for tea plum transplanting, with 15 tea plums, and was normally maintained at a later stage.
Control group: transplanting all the tea plums with planting field garden soil (actual planting field), wherein the number of the tea plums is 15, and normally maintaining at later stage.
Statistics of related data of the camellia sasanqua are carried out after two years, and results show that the diameters of flowers of the camellia sasanqua in the test group are higher than those of the control group by more than 28%, the diameter of the flowers of the camellia sasanqua in the test group is higher than that of the control group by more than 25%, and the ground diameter of the flowers of the camellia sasanqua in the test group is higher than that of the control group by more than 40% (table 5).
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on transplanting Camellia sinensis
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and is intended to include equivalents of the features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing seedling planting soil for four crops is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting the pruned branches of the seedlings in the primordial environment, and crushing the pruned branches into small sections of 1-2cm to obtain the crushed products of the pruned branches in the primordial environment;
2) collecting rhizosphere soil of a seedling habitat, and mixing the rhizosphere soil with the ground branches of the habitat obtained in the step (1) according to the ratio of 16-25: 1, adjusting the water content to 45-55%, piling up the mixture into a pile body, and performing composting fermentation at 25-50 ℃ for 30-60 days to obtain an original habitat compost product;
3) collecting the trimmed branches near the new habitat of the nursery stock and crushing the trimmed branches into small sections of 1-2cm to obtain crushed products of the trimmed branches in the new habitat;
4) collecting rhizosphere soil of the seedling new habitat, and mixing the rhizosphere soil with the new habitat pruned branch crushed product obtained in the step (3) according to the proportion of 16-25: 1, adjusting the water content to 45-55%, piling up the mixture into a pile body, and performing composting fermentation at 25-50 ℃ for 30-60 days to obtain a new habitat compost product;
5) and (3) mixing the primordial environment compost product obtained in the step (2) or the primordial environment compost product obtained in the step (4) with garden soil of a planting field according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-8 to prepare the seedling planting soil of the tetrad.
2. The method for preparing the planting soil for transplanting the seedling of the tetrad as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the collecting depth of the rhizosphere soil in the step (2) and the step (4) is 0.1-0.3 m.
3. The method for preparing the 'quarternization' seedling planting soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the pruned branch crushed products in the step (2) to the rhizosphere soil in the step (4) is 20: 1.
4. the application of the seedling planting soil prepared by any method of claims 1-3 in introduction or transplantation of 'quarternized' seedlings.
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