LU503378B1

LU503378B1 - Soil improvement method of guiding yunwu tea

Info

Publication number: LU503378B1
Application number: LU503378A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Zhenming Zhang
Original assignee: Univ Guizhou
Priority date: 2023-01-19
Filing date: 2023-01-19
Publication date: 2023-07-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil improvement method of Guiding Yunwu tea, which adopts corn straw, rice straw, fungus chaff, cow dung, humus soil, low-quality phosphate rock, etc. through microbial fermentation, and applies them to Guiding Yunwu tea garden in spring and autumn by strip application method to improve soil physical and chemical properties (porosity, water content, mineral nutrients, etc.), which not only reduces the production cost and increases the yield of Guiding Yunwu tea, but also has simple operation and easy popularization.

Description

DESCRIPTION LU503378

SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHOD OF GUIDING YUNWU TEA

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a soil improvement method of Guiding Yunwu tea, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement.

BACKGROUND

Guiding Yunwu tea is named after being produced at the foot of Yunwu Mountain in

Yunwu Town, Guiding County, which is more than 1,500 meters above sea level. It is also called "Bird king tea" because it is produced in Miao village. Guiding Yunwu tea, as the best tea, is determined by local bird king species with high grade, excellent quality and good physical and chemical indexes. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, it started from primitive ancient tea trees to artificial cultivation, and created a series of famous teas, which became tributes in the Qing Dynasty. Before the 1970s, it was difficult for ordinary residents to taste them because of the low output. As early as the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Bird King tea has become a fine tribute tea. In the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, "Guiyang House Records" (Food Volume) recorded: "all genera in Guizhou Province produce tea, and Guiding Yunwu is the most famous", and it became one of the eight famous teas in China during the Qing Dynasty. Bird King tea was regarded as a tribute as early as the Yuan Dynasty, and it is a rare and valuable variety of tea. Bird King local species is a unique and precious local species, semi-arboreal, thick leaf flesh, green buds and leaves, velvet hair, with Bird King tea leaves in the processing and made of finished tea has a unique aroma.

With excellent quality and a long history, Bird King tea is one of the top ten famous teas in Guizhou Province, which plays an important role in the local economic and social development. Its development is of great significance to the revitalization of the whole tea economy in Guizhou Province, and provides a new direction for promoting the local agricultural and rural economic structure, increasing farmers' income and promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside.

Because of the unique quality of Guiding Yunwu tea, the local government in Guizhou vigorously promote the planting, however, not paying attention to science and technology;503378 blindly expand the tea planting area, which not only fail to play a good yield effect, but also cause frequent occurrence of soil erosion and other hazards, seriously damage the natural ecological environment. At the same time, Guiding Yunwu tea is produced at the foot of the mountainside more than 1,500 meters above sea level, and its growth conditions are extremely harsh, with low temperature, low utilization rate of soil nutrients and serious soil erosion. Some scientific research institutions and enterprises in our country have continuously explored and experimented on the cultivation techniques of

Guiding Yunwu tea, and made some achievements, but there are still some problems such as slow growth and low yield of Guiding Yunwu tea. Nowadays, most tea plants are planted at an altitude of 300 - 800 meters, which belongs to low altitude. However, there are differences in soil between high altitude and low altitude.

The traditional soil improvement technology of Guiding Yunwu tea is to fertilize the soil by using a lot of chemical fertilizers. This method not only fails to improve the soil nutrients, but also leads to soil hardening, a large amount of fertilizer loss, low utilization rate and high cost.

SUMMARY

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of low nutrient utilization rate, serious soil and water loss, high cost, etc. in the existing planting process of Guiding Yunwu tea, and provide a soil improvement method of Guiding

Yunwu tea with low cost and simple operation. The method is simple in technology and easy to popularize, reduces the production cost, and improves the yield and quality of

Guiding Yunwu tea.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a soil improvement method of Guiding Yunwu tea comprises the following steps: (1) formulation of improver: 1-2 parts of crushed corn stalk, 1-2 parts of bean stalk, 1-2 parts of straw stalk, 2-4 parts of cow dung, 3-4 parts of edible fungus chaff, 3-5 parts of humus soil, 1-3 parts of low-quality phosphate rock and 2-3 parts of rotten fallen leaves are evenly mixed, and the pH is controlled at 5.5-7.0, placed in a long fermentation tank for backup; (2) microbial extraction: placing 3-5 parts of cow dung in a sterile triangle bottle, adding

10-15 parts of sterile water, culturing in an oscillating incubator at 45-50°C for 10-15 days,503378 and then performing streaking culture on Congo red culture medium to obtain a single colony, and selecting the single colony for separation and purification to obtain a single cellulose-degrading bacterium; (3) fermentation of improver: 0.01-0.03 part of cellulose-degrading bacteria is added into 10-15 parts of swill, mixed evenly, and then cultured for 8-12 days at 40-45°C and 75-85% relative humidity, and then mixed into the formula of improver in step (1), and the temperature in fermentation tank is controlled at 25-30°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 70 to 80%, keep loose and breathable, turn the pile twice in the middle, ferment for 25 to 45 days, and apply after composting and decomposition; (4) application of improver: on a sunny day after rain in February-March of spring or

September-October of autumn, deep application is carried out along the 5-10cm vertical position of the crown, the depth of the ditch is 5-10 cm and the width is 15-20 cm, and the improver fermented in step (3) are applied in strips and covered with soil for 1-3 cm.

In the formula of the improver in step (1), 1-2 parts of crushed corn stalk, 1-2 parts of bean stalk, 1-2 parts of straw stalk, 2-4 parts of cow dung, 3-4 parts of edible fungus chaff, 3-5 parts of humus soil, 1-3 parts of low-quality phosphate rock and 2-3 parts of rotten fallen leaves are evenly mixed, and then 1 to 3 parts by weight of lonicerae flos dregs is used to control the pH value, which is 5.5 to 7.0, placed in a long fermentation tank and set aside.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that corn straw, rice straw, fungus chaff, cow dung, humus soil, low-quality phosphate rock, etc. are used for microbial fermentation, and are applied to the Guiding Yunwu tea garden in spring and autumn by a strip application method to improve the soil physical and chemical properties (porosity, water content, mineral nutrients, etc.), which not only reduces the production cost and increases the yield of Guiding Yunwu tea, but also has simple operation and easy popularization. Compared with the traditional method, it can improve soil porosity by 5-10%, soil aggregates by 3-5%, soil water content by 5-8%, soil bulk density by 10%, production cost by 20%, fermentation time by more than 10 days, yield of spring tea of Guiding Yunwu tea by 15 kg/mu, yield of autumn tea by 20 kg/mu, resistance of tea garden by 10%, no use of pesticides and fertilizers, and simple operation. Therefore, the method of the invention can realize the large-scale and industrialized production of the Guiding Yunwu tea, and is especially suitable for efficient cultivation in high-altitude karst areas.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION LU503378

In order to make that object, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail with embodiments.

Embodiment 1

The invention relates to a soil improvement method of Guiding Yunwu tea, which comprises the following steps: (1) the formula of the improver: according to the parts by weight, 1 part of crushed corn stalk, 1 part of bean stalk, 1 part of straw stalk, 2 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of edible fungus chaff, 3 parts of humus soil, 1 part of low-quality phosphate rock and 2 parts of rotten litter are evenly mixed, the pH is controlled to 5.5, and put into a long fermentation tank for later use; (2) microbial extraction: placing 3 parts of cow dung in a sterile triangle bottle, adding 10 parts of sterile water, culturing in an oscillating incubator at 45°C for 10 days, and then carrying out streaking culture on Congo red culture medium to obtain a single colony, and selecting the single colony for separation and purification to obtain a single cellulose-degrading bacterium; (3) fermentation of improver: 0.01 part of cellulose-degrading bacteria is added to 10 parts of swill, and after mixing, it is placed under the condition of 40°C and 75% relative humidity for extended culture for 8 days; then, it is mixed into the formula of improver in step (1), and the temperature in the fermentation tank is controlled at 25°C and 70% relative humidity, which is kept loose and breathable, and the compost is turned twice in the middle, fermentation for 25 days, composting pile decomposition before application; (4) application of improver: on a sunny day after rain in February in spring, deep application is carried out along the position 5 cm below the crown of the tree, the depth of the ditch is 5 cm and the width is 15 cm, and the improver strips fermented in step (3) are applied and covered with soil 1 cm;

It has been proved that the method of the invention is simple to operate, easy to promote, improves soil porosity by 5%, improves soil aggregates by 3%, increases soil water content by 5%, reduces soil capacity by 10%, reduces production cost by 20%, shortens fermentation time by more than 10 days, improves spring tea yield of Bird King tea by 15 kg/mu and autumn tea yield by 20 kg/mu, improves tea garden resistance by 10%, and eliminates the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. The use of chemical fertilizers, and simple operation, etc. Therefore, the method of the invention can realize the large-scale and industrialized production of the Guiding Yunwu tea, and is especially suitable for efficient cultivation in high-altitude karst areas. LU503378

Embodiment 2

The invention relates to a soil improvement method of Guiding Yunwu tea, which comprises the following steps: (1) the formula of improver: 2 parts of crushed corn straw, 2 parts of bean stalk, 2 parts of straw stalk, 4 parts of cow dung, 4 parts of edible fungus chaff, 5 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of low-quality phosphate rock and 3 parts of rotten fallen leaves are evenly mixed according to the weight, the pH is controlled to 7.0, and the mixture is put into a long fermentation tank for later use; (2) microbial extraction: placing 5 parts of cow dung in a sterile triangle bottle, adding 15 parts of sterile water, culturing in an oscillating incubator at 50°C for 15 days, and then carrying out streaking culture on Congo red culture medium to obtain a single colony, and selecting the single colony for separation and purification to obtain a single cellulose-degrading bacterium; (3) fermentation of improver: 0.03 part of cellulose-degrading bacteria is added to 15 parts of swill, and after being evenly mixed, it is placed under the condition of 45°C and 85% relative humidity for extended culture for 12 days, and then mixed into the formula of improver described in step (1). The temperature in the fermentation tank is controlled at 30°C and the relative humidity is controlled at 80%, keeping it loose and breathable, and turning the pile twice in the middle, fermented for 45 days, composted and decomposed before application; (4) application of improver: on a sunny day after rain in autumn and September, deep application is carried out along a position 10 cm vertically below the crown of the tree, with a depth of 10 cm and a width of 20 cm, and the improver strips fermented in step (3) are applied and covered with soil for 3 cm.

Practice proves that the method of the invention is simple to operate and easy to popularize, improving soil porosity by 10%, improving soil aggregates by 5%, increasing soil water content by 8%, reducing soil capacity by 15%, reducing production costs by 30%, shortening fermentation time by more than 12 days, increasing the yield of Bird

King tea in spring by 15 kg/mu and in autumn by 20 kg/mu, improving resistance of tea plantations by 10%, eliminating the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers and simple operation, and so on, as compared with the traditional method. Therefore, the method of the invention can realize the large-scale and industrialized production of the Guiding

Yunwu tea, and is especially suitable for efficient cultivation in high-altitude karst areas.

Embodiment 3 LU503378

The invention relates to a soil improvement method of Guiding Yunwu tea, which comprises the following steps: (1) the formula of the improver: 1.5 parts of crushed corn stalk, 1.5 parts of bean stalk, 1.2 parts of straw stalk, 3 parts of cow dung, 3.5 parts of edible fungus chaff, 4 parts of humus soil, 2 parts of low-quality phosphate rock and 2.5 parts of rotten fallen leaves are evenly mixed, then the pH value is controlled by 2 parts of lonicerae flos dregs, the pH value is controlled at 6.0, and the mixture is put into a long fermentation tank for later use; (2) microbial extraction: placing 4 parts of cow dung in a sterile triangle bottle, adding 12 parts of sterile water, culturing in an oscillating incubator at 50°C for 12 days, and then carrying out streaking culture on Congo red culture medium to obtain a single colony, and selecting the single colony for separation and purification to obtain a single cellulose-degrading bacterium; (3) fermentation of improver: 0.02 part of cellulose-degrading bacteria is added to 12 parts of swill, and after being evenly mixed, it is placed under the condition of 45°C and 80% relative humidity for extended culture for 10 days, and then mixed into the formula of improver in step (1); the temperature in the fermentation tank is controlled at 30°C and 80% relative humidity, which is kept loose and breathable, and the compost is turned twice in the middle, fermented for 45 days, composted and decomposed before application; (4) application of improver: on a sunny day after rain in spring and March, deep application is carried out along the position of 8 cm vertically below the crown of the tree, with a depth of 8 cm and a width of 18 cm, and the improver fermented in step (3) are applied in strips and then covered with soil 2 cm.

Compared with the traditional method, the method of the invention is simple and easy to promote, improves soil porosity by 8%, increases soil aggregates by 4%, increases soil water content by 6%, reduces soil weight by 10%, reduces production cost by 20%, shortens fermentation time by more than 10 days, increases the yield of Bird King tea by kg/mu in spring and 20 kg/mu in autumn, improves resistance of tea plantation by 10%, eliminates the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and is simple to operate. and easy to operate, etc. Therefore, the method of the invention can realize the large-scale and industrialized production of the Guiding Yunwu tea, and is especially suitable for efficient cultivation in high-altitude karst areas.

Claims

CLAIMS LU503378

1. À soil improvement method of Guiding Yunwu tea, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) formula of improver: in parts by weight, 1-2 parts of crushed corn stalk, 1-2 parts of bean stalk, 1-2 parts of straw stalk, 2-4 parts of cow dung, 3-4 parts of edible fungus chaff, 3-5 parts of humus soil, 1-3 parts of low-quality phosphate rock and 2-3 parts of rotten fallen leaves are evenly mixed, and the pH is controlled at 5.5-7.7, and put into a long fermentation tank for later use; (2) microbial extraction: placing 3-5 parts of cow dung in a sterile triangle bottle, adding 10-15 parts of sterile water, culturing in an oscillating incubator at 45-50°C for 10-15 days, and then performing streaking culture on Congo red culture medium to obtain a single colony, and selecting the single colony for separation and purification to obtain a single cellulose-degrading bacterium; (3) fermentation of improver: adding 0.01-0.03 part of cellulose-degrading bacteria into 10-15 parts of swill, uniformly mixing, culturing for 8-12 days at 40-45°C and 75-85% relative humidity, and then mixing into the formula of improver in step (1), and controlling the temperature in fermentation tank at 25-30°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 70 to 80%, keep loose and breathable, turn the pile twice in the middle, ferment for 25 to 45 days, and apply after composting and decomposition; (4) application of improver: in the sunny days after rain in February-March in spring or September-October in autumn, deep application is carried out along the 5-10 cm vertical position of the crown, the depth of the ditch is 5-10 cm and the width is 15-20 cm, and the improver fermented in step (3) is applied in strips and covered with soil for 1-3 cm.

2. The soil improvement method of Guiding Yunwu tea according to claim 1, characterized in that in the formula of the improver in step (1), in parts by weight, 1-2 parts of crushed corn stalk, 1-2 parts of bean stalk, 1-2 parts of straw stalk, 2-4 parts of cow dung, 3-4 parts of edible fungus chaff, 3-5 parts of humus soil, 1-3 parts of low-quality phosphate rock and 2-3 parts of rotten fallen leaves are evenly mixed, and then 1 to 3 parts by weight of lonicerae flos dregs is used to control the pH value, which is 5.5 to 7.0, placed in a long fermentation tank and set aside.