RU2433109C2 - Eco-black soil and concentrated soil solution, apparatus and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and soil science. Eco-black soil consists of soil containing 5-8% humus. The soil structure is formed by fine - 0.1-0.3 mm and coarse - up to 10 mm lumps whose colour varyies from light brown to black and pH 6-8. The eco-black soil is populated with earthworms and microflora typical for virgin black soil and containing cellulose-decomposing fungi, lithotrophic microorganisms, lactic-acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrogen compound decomposers. The concentrated soil solution consists of an aqueous extract of eco-black soil containing dissolved components of humus and microflora, and whose colour varies from light yellow to dark brown and pH 6-8. In the method, a drainage system is formed in insulated vessels and a horizontal layer containing an organomineral mixture is placed over the said drainage system. Eco-black soil containing black soil-forming organisms is put into the horizontal layer in amount of 5-20% of the total volume of the layer. Optimum processing conditions are maintained and at the end of processing, water is sprayed onto the horizontal layer and the filtrate is sorbed. The apparatus contains vessels with a liquid-permeable bottom placed in a room, sprinkling and filtrate collecting devices and devices for feeding and heating air. The vessels are fitted with devices for controlling temperature and moisture. The sprinkling devices are fitted with liquid-spraying apparatus. Inside each vessel from bottom-up there is a drainage layer, a layer of organomineral mixture in whose depression the initial volume of black soil is placed, and the processed layer of organomineral mixture.

EFFECT: group of inventions increases fertility and yield of plants on a small area.

9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of means of increasing fertility and improving the environment, and can be used both in private small-scale industries and in large-scale industrial production.

The main tool for the production of plant products is soil. Of all soil types, natural chernozem possesses the greatest biological activity, the black color of which gives a high content of humus. Chernozem is not only characterized by a high content of humus, but also by the composition of the soil inhabitants, and a lumpy air and moisture permeable structure that creates comfortable living conditions for these inhabitants, while aerobic soil microorganisms live on the surface of the soil lumps, and anaerobic soil organisms live inside the lumps. In modern conditions, in natural chernozems, the process of reducing the content of humus and, as a result, the decrease in the natural fertility of the soil, has been going on for a long time. Now, soil with a humus content of 2% is considered good. Maintaining productivity with fertilizers reduces the quality and usefulness of products, i.e. degrades the environment.

The purpose of the invention is to obtain a qualitatively new product - structured soil and water extract from it, and in the development of technology suitable for small-scale producer and industrial production.

In the work on increasing fertility, samples of chernozems untouched by the plow were collected and the culture of chernozem-forming organisms was recreated, with the help of which a structured soil was created that exceeded the natural chernozem in biological activity. This soil is called ecochernozem (ECH).

Ecochernozem is a soil with a light brown to black color with an acidity of Ph 6 ... 8, the structure of which is formed by small 0.1 ... 0.3 mm and large up to 10 mm lumps with a humus content of 5 ... 8% or more, inhabited by earthworms and microflora, characteristic of virgin chernozems and including cellulose-depleting fungi, lithotrophic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrogen compounds destructors. Ecochernozem with a higher humus content was also obtained, but with an increase in the humus content of more than 8%, changes in fertility are not so significant, therefore, they are economically unjustified.

Also obtained is an aqueous extract from eco-chernozem called concentrated soil solution (CRC). Concentrated soil solution retains the properties of a positive effect on plants and with significant dilution, for example 1 to 100.

CRC significantly increases the immunity of plants to microbial and viral diseases, significantly accelerates the growth and development of plants.

It is well known that humus does not dissolve with water, therefore, to obtain nutrient solutions, humus is dissolved, for example, with alkali, and then neutralized with acid, or vice versa - dissolved with acid, and neutralized with alkali. When receiving CRC, everything happens the same way, but in microdoses. Some microorganisms dissolve humus with alkali, others with acid. The community of soil microorganisms is balanced in such a way that the CRC is neutral.

CRC is a liquid with a color from light yellow to dark brown, Ph 6 ... 8, contains humus components and microflora dissolved in water, characteristic of virgin chernozems, including cellulose-destroying fungi, lithotrophic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrogen compounds destructors . CRC can be stored in closed containers without an observed change in properties for at least a year, since anaerobic microorganisms in CRC are kept alive, and aerobic microorganisms are contained in the form of spores.

The methods for preparing ecochernozem and concentrated soil solution are unknown due to the novelty of the substances themselves. Analogs to the operations used can be methods of preparing organic fertilizer from waste.

The closest in technical essence is the method of preparing organic fertilizer from waste, which consists in the fact that the mixture consisting of waste and filler is placed in a horizontal layer above the channels closed by a grid, then a layer of the worm-populated substrate is laid, periodically watered with water, heated air is expelled from below and leaked water is removed (RF patent No. 2092469).

It is also known a device for preparing organic fertilizer from waste containing containers located in the room, above which are located watering and loading facilities, while the bottom of the containers is drained, there are channels for removing water, and the room has means for supplying and heating air (RF patent No. 2092469).

The method of preparation of ecochernozem and concentrated soil solution consists in laying a horizontal layer in isolated containers with a permeable bottom containing an organic-mineral mixture prepared for processing, introducing an initial volume of ecochernozem containing chernozem-forming soil organisms into a depression on its surface, and laying a second horizontal layer on top organic-mineral mixture, moisturize if necessary, maintain optimal conditions for processing, after processing ki shed water, and the filtrate was collected, and the structured soil introduced in an amount of 5 ... 20% of the total layers.

In order to accelerate the processing processes and ensure its uniformity, all components of the horizontal layer are pre-crushed to sizes of 1 ... 2 mm.

To improve the living conditions of chernozem-forming organisms and achieve sufficient air and moisture permeability, sorbent components are added to the mixture in an amount of 10 to 60% of the total volume.

To improve the quality of the product periodically irrigate the horizontal layer with finely sprayed water.

The creation of optimal processing conditions consists in measuring the temperature and humidity in the room, maintaining the relative humidity of more than 65% by periodically irrigating the horizontal layer, and maintaining the temperature in the room within 20 ... 25 ° C.

The processing process is completed after reaching the transparency of the filtrate and the absence of mechanical impurities.

The implementation of the method will consider the example of the operation of the device.

The drawing shows a section of a device for receiving EC and production of CRC, where in the room 1 there are containers 2 (one of them is shown) with a bottom 3 having holes 4 on which a drainage layer 5 is laid. Above it is a layer of organic-mineral mixture 6, in a recess which contains the initial volume 7 of ecochernozem with the chernozem-forming organisms located in it, and over the volume 7 and layer 6 the processed layer 8 of the organomineral mixture is laid. The liquid atomizer 9 is located above the container 2. There is also a fan 10 installed in room 1, which communicates with the air outside the room, and with the air heater 11 through the outlet, and the air enters the room 1. Under the holes 4 there is an inclined tray 12 through which the liquid flows into a container 13 for collecting the filtrate.

The device operates as follows. After loading the new processed layer 8, worms from the volume 7 are moved into it and the fungi and microorganisms are transported with them. Together, they process the organomineral mixture into ecochernozem and at the same time multiply.

The contents of the tank 2 is periodically spilled with water from the spray gun 9.

The frequency of the spill may be, for example, once every 10 days. In room 1, near the containers 2, temperature and humidity sensors are installed (not shown in the drawing).

The liquid that has reached the bottom 3 (filtrate) flows through the openings 4 into the tray 12 and through it into the container 13. The process is carried out as described above until the filtrate flowing through the tray 12 becomes transparent, i.e. there will be no mechanical impurities in it. After that, the container 13 is emptied, spilled again and collected in the tank 13 CRC. A new portion of the organic-mineral mixture is added from above to the processed layer 8 and the cycle described above is repeated. The cycles are repeated until tank 2 is filled. After tank 2 is filled with eco-chernozem, it is unloaded, a new processed layer 8 is loaded and the whole process is repeated.

Layer 6 of the organic-mineral mixture is also processed, but much more slowly. Part of the layer 6 can be used as a recycled layer 8 in subsequent cycles.

The organomineral mixture may contain cattle waste (manure) mixed with straw, sawdust, peat. It is crushed before loading into a container 2 to a particle size of 1 ... 2 mm. If the mixture is not sufficiently air and moisture permeable, sorbent components are added to it.

The effectiveness of the EF and CRC has been repeatedly tested experimentally. In particular, sprouting of watercress seeds placed on EC or moistened with CRC was carried out. Sprouts in EC reached a length of 51.9 mm, moistened with CRC - 55.6 mm, while the control (in distilled water) reached 45.3 mm.

The photograph shows wheat sprouts grown on eco-chernozem, and for comparison on purchased soil mixtures and on soil from TLCA fields.

The use of inventions allows the production of feed and high-grade food products in industrial volumes in relatively small areas.

Claims (9)

1. Ecochernozem - a structured soil with a humus content of 5-8%, the structure of which is formed by small 0.1-0.3 mm and large lumps up to 10 mm, with a color from light brown to black and pH 6-8, populated by rain worms and microflora, characteristic of virgin chernozems and including cellulose-depleting fungi, lithotrophic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen compounds destructors. 2. Concentrated soil solution - an aqueous extract from echernozem containing humus components and microflora dissolved in water, including cellulose-destroying fungi, lithotrophic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrogen compounds destructors, ranging in color from light yellow to dark brown and pH 6-8. 3. A method of producing ecochernozem and concentrated soil solution, consisting in the fact that a drainage system is created in isolated containers, a horizontal layer containing an organic-mineral mixture is placed over it, characterized in that 5- ecochernozem containing chernozem-forming organisms is introduced into the horizontal layer 20% of the total volume of the layer, maintain optimal conditions for processing, and after processing is completed, the horizontal layer is shed with water and the filtrate is collected. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that in order to achieve breathability of the mixture, sorbent components in the amount of 10-60% of the total volume of the layer are added to the horizontal layer. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that to accelerate the processing processes, all components of the horizontal layer are pre-crushed to a particle size of 1-2 mm 6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that in order to maintain the structure of ecochernozem it is shed with finely divided water. 7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the maintenance of optimal conditions for processing is performed by measuring the temperature and humidity in the room and maintaining the room temperature of 20-25 ° C and relative humidity of more than 65%. 8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the completion of the processing is determined by achieving transparency of the filtrate. 9. A device for producing ecochernozem and concentrated soil solution containing containers located in the room with a liquid-permeable bottom, devices for watering and collecting the filtrate, means for supplying and heating air, characterized in that the tanks are equipped with temperature and humidity control devices, devices for irrigation equipped with liquid spraying means, inside each tank a drainage layer, a layer of organic-mineral mixture, are placed from bottom to top, in the recess of which is placed the initial volume of ecochernozem, processable layer organomineralnoj mixture.

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