CN110140628B - High-temperature high-humidity rapid propagation culture method for cymbidium sinense - Google Patents
High-temperature high-humidity rapid propagation culture method for cymbidium sinense Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature high-humidity rapid propagation culture method of cymbidium sinense, and belongs to the technical field of orchid planting. The method comprises the following steps of (1) managing the tissue culture seedlings before the seedlings are taken out of bottles: gradually enhancing illumination of the bottle seedlings to harden the seedlings; (2) and (4) bottle discharging treatment: cleaning and disinfecting the bottle seedlings; (3) transplanting: culturing under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity with air humidity of 82-90% and daytime temperature of 25-30 ℃, controlling the total time of illumination intensity of 20000-30000lux to be 4-6 hours and the total time of illumination intensity of 6000-9000lux to be 6-8 hours within 24 hours every day, and rotating the seedling raising plug tray by 60-180 degrees every 1-3 days; watering every 3-5 days to maintain the culture medium in a moist state, watering and fertilizing once every 2-3 times of watering, and spraying the pesticide solution to the cymbidium every 25-28 days; the method can obtain higher cymbidium emergence rate, and the cymbidium seedlings are strong and have strong adaptability.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of orchid planting, in particular to a high-temperature high-humidity rapid propagation culture method of cymbidium sinense.
[ background of the invention ]
Orchid has been popular with people all the time with its graceful posture, elegant charm and attractive fragrance, and has become a symbol of ancient times about orchid poetry, calligraphy and painting, such as stature and nourishment of elegant beauty and love. Hole exclamation: "the cheese is grown in deep valley, and is not like nobody but not fragrant; the monarch is well-established without being changed due to poor poverty, the bent source is also used in the dissatisfaction to compare with the monarch who is high in quality and clean in body and clear in bone, and the feeling of 'Zhang Yu is not large in origin and can easily get a lot of fragrance' is the most important component of the traditional culture of China. Particularly, in recent years, with the development of market economy, orchid lovers are more and more, and orchid cultivation is in the sun. Cymbidium sinense belongs to Cymbidium in orchidaceae, and is native to China, Vietnam and Burma, also known as Chinese orchid, reported in Wen orchid. The production of the cymbidium sinense is mostly used for cultivating potted landscape flowers, the cymbidium sinense has various varieties and beautiful plant types, and blooms in the right month, is deeply loved by people, and is one of the common traditional orchid cultivation types in China.
In the planting process of cymbidium sinense, the seedling rate of cymbidium sinense is improved, remarkable economic benefit can be brought, and the method is one of targets jointly pursued by orchid planting merchants and common orchid friends. The seedling rate is related to various aspects of orchid varieties, orchid emaciation, planting materials, water and fertilizer management, pest control, environmental illumination and the like. In order to pursue economic benefits, the existing merchants pursue the use of plant hormones to stimulate the growth of cymbidium sinense one by one, so as to obtain higher returns, but most of the seedlings are weak seedling sick seedlings, the environment of common orchid friends is difficult to adapt, and the planted cymbidium sinense seedlings turn into black spots, and some seedlings are smaller and smaller, and even die.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the high-temperature high-humidity propagation culture method for cymbidium sinense is provided, the higher cymbidium sinense seedling rate can be obtained, and the cymbidium sinense seedlings are strong and have strong adaptability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-temperature high-humidity rapid propagation culture method of cymbidium sinense comprises the following steps:
(1) managing the tissue culture seedlings before taking out of the bottles: before opening a bottle and taking seedlings, gradually strengthening illumination to the tissue culture seedlings to harden the seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: on days 1-5, gradually increasing the illumination from 2000lux to 3500lux during tissue culture; on days 6-12, the light was gradually increased from 3500lux to 10000 lux; on day 13-20, gradually increasing the illumination from 10000lux to natural illumination condition; then in natural illumination, loosening a tissue culture bottle cap for hardening seedlings for at least 3 days, and then uncovering the bottle cap for hardening the seedlings for at least 3 days;
(2) and (4) bottle discharging treatment: taking out the cymbidium sinense seedlings from the bottle, selecting the bottle seedlings suitable for transplanting, and cleaning the culture medium attached to the roots in clear water; then soaking the whole tissue culture seedling in 0.3-0.5% carbendazim solution for 8-10 minutes for disinfection, then washing with water and airing at a cool and ventilated place until the root is whitish;
(3) transplanting: transplanting the treated cymbidium seedlings into a flowerpot filled with a culture medium, culturing under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity with the air humidity of 82-90% and the daytime temperature of 25-30 ℃, controlling the total time of 20000 plus 30000lux to be 4-6 hours and the total time of 6000 plus 9000lux to be 6-8 hours within 24 hours each day, and rotating seedling culture hole trays by 60-180 degrees each 1-3 days; watering every 3-5 days to maintain the culture medium in a moist state, watering and fertilizing once every 2-3 times of watering, and spraying the pesticide solution to the cymbidium every 25-28 days;
wherein the culture substrate comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 5: 3-4: 2, the basic plant material, the moisturizing plant material and the breathable plant material are mainly prepared by mixing 80-100 parts by weight of wine residues, 20-30 parts by weight of cow dung, 20-30 parts by weight of rabbit dung, 15-20 parts by weight of kelp residues, 12-18 parts by weight of rice hulls, 12-18 parts by weight of pine scales, 18-25 parts by weight of alternanthera philoxeroides and 0.3-0.5 part by weight of EM bacterial liquid and fermenting for 15-25 days; the moisture-preserving plant material is formed by mixing peat soil and durian shell granules according to the weight ratio of 10-12: 1; the breathable plant material is one of ceramsite, perlite or vermiculite;
when the fertilizer is applied in combination with watering, the watered water comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500-600 parts of biogas slurry, 2-4 parts of humic acid, 0.03-0.05 part of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.02-0.03 part of squalene, 8-10 parts of cinnamomum camphora leaves, 0.5-0.8 part of coriander seed oil, 0.5-0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3-0.5 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-0.8 part of potassium nitrate, 0.08-0.10 part of amino acid chelated iron, 0.1-0.2 part of boric acid, 0.05-0.08 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of threonine, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium molybdate, 0.1-0.2 part of paclobutrazol, OP-101-2 parts of water and 500 parts of water.
Preferably, the selection of the bottle seedlings suitable for transplanting refers to the selection of the bottle seedlings with the plant height of 7-10cm, the number of the roots of 3-5, the root length of 4-6cm and 3-6 leaves per plant. Selecting high-quality seedling, and increasing the probability of culturing cymbidium sinense seedling with emergence rate.
Preferably, the durian shell granules are prepared by the following method: firstly, drying the rest edible durian shell and then crushing into durian shell powder for later use; weighing a silane coupling agent according to 1.5-2.0% of the weight of the durian shell powder, and preparing the silane coupling agent into a solution by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution A; putting durian shell powder into the solution A, and stirring for 1-1.5 hours at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ at the speed of 600 plus 800 rpm to obtain a modified solution B; evaporating the absolute ethyl alcohol in the modified solution B to obtain a mixture C; mixing sodium polyacrylate, mixture C and potassium perphosphate according to the weight ratio of 20-35: 80-100: 1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, granulating and drying to obtain the durian shell granules.
Preferably, the kelp residue is the residue of kelp after production of sodium alginate.
Preferably, the insecticidal liquid contains 0.3% -0.5% of allicin, 0.5-0.8% of meperfluthrin and 0.2-0.3% of carbendazim.
Preferably, the insecticide liquid is sprayed by spraying all the leaves of the cymbidium sinense wet.
Preferably, the humidity of the planting environment is kept between 82 and 90 percent by using a spraying device during the culture process.
Preferably, the cinnamomum camphora leaves are crushed into a pulp before use.
According to the method, when the cymbidium sinense bottle seedlings are taken out of the tissue culture bottle, the seedlings are hardened step by step in a mode of gradually strengthening illumination, the adaptability of the tissue culture seedlings to external environmental conditions is improved, the photosynthesis capacity of the tissue culture seedlings is improved, and the tissue culture seedlings are enabled to be robust.
When the cymbidium sinense seedlings are transplanted, the used culture medium is obtained through fermentation, and the cymbidium sinense seedlings have the advantages of air permeability, hydrophobicity, good water draining and retaining property and good moisture retaining property, and have certain fertility. The culture medium consists of a basic planting material, a moisturizing planting material and a breathable planting material, wherein the basic planting material is obtained by mixing and fermenting grape wine dregs, cow dung, rabbit dung, kelp dregs, rice hulls, pine scales, alternanthera philoxeroides and EM bacterial liquid, the grape wine dregs are good organic fertilizers, and the planting material can be in a weak acid state by mixing the grape wine dregs into soil, so that the granular structure of the planting material is improved, and the permeation of fertilizer, water and air and the extension of a root system of cymbidium sinense are facilitated; cow dung, rabbit dung, rice hulls, pine scales and alternanthera philoxeroides can provide rich and various organic matters, kelp residues are residues after kelp produces sodium alginate, the kelp residues contain about 50% of unused nutritional ingredients of the kelp, and the kelp residues are rich in iodine, calcium, iron, zinc and other inorganic nutritional salts. The peat soil in the moisture-retention plant material has good water retention performance, but the peat soil is not large enough in water absorption capacity and not strong in air permeability, is easy to harden after water is dried, and is not easy to absorb again after hardening; the addition of durian shell particles can improve the defects of peat soil and can keep the plants in a moist but not wet state for a long time. The ventilation of the culture substrate is better by adding the ventilation plant material.
The fertilizer is applied to the roots by combining watering during watering, the nutrient components in the fertilizer are reasonably proportioned, the requirement on the growth and development of the cymbidium sinense is met, the paclobutrazol is added, the elongation of stems is inhibited, the development of the roots is promoted, the slender and thin stems, leaves and roots of plants under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity are avoided, and the strong seedlings are facilitated; in addition, under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, the roots of the cymbidium sinense are easy to suffer from root rot, and the root rot can be avoided by using the glycyrrhizic acid, the squalene, the cinnamomum camphora leaves and the coriander seed oil together for root irrigation.
The growth of cymbidium also has a great relationship with the illumination of the environment, the illumination of the environment is strong, the cymbidium plants are strong, the plant types are short, the leaf colors are light, the flowers are easy to grow, but the seedling rate is not high; weak illumination, slightly high seedling rate of orchid seedlings, but high plant type, not strong reed heads, difficult flowering, poor disease resistance and slow adaptation after changing environment. The illumination scheme of the invention can ensure that the cymbidium sinense seedlings are robust and high in seedling rate while ensuring the health of the cymbidium sinense seedlings.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method effectively manages cymbidium sinense seedlings from a tissue culture bottle seedling stage, and can improve the average seedling number of the cymbidium sinense from 2-3 seedlings to 12 seedlings by controlling factors such as illumination, culture medium, watering and fertilizing, pest control and the like under the overall high-temperature and high-humidity condition; in the culture process, the occurrence rate of stem rot and other diseases of cymbidium sinense is low due to the use of special planting materials and a disease and insect control method; the orchid seedling obtained by the method is strong, strong in adaptability and strong in disease resistance, and can adapt to the environment of orchid friends at home.
[ detailed description ] A
In order that the invention may be more clearly expressed, the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
Fermentation preparation of the culture medium:
basic planting: taking 80 parts by weight of grape wine residues, 20 parts by weight of cow dung, 20 parts by weight of rabbit dung, 15 parts by weight of kelp residues, 12 parts by weight of rice hulls, 12 parts by weight of pine scales, 18 parts by weight of alternanthera philoxeroides and 0.3 part by weight of EM bacterial liquid; preparing fermentation liquor by using 100 ml of clear water, 20 g of brown sugar and 50 ml of EM bacterial liquid; air-drying cow dung and rabbit dung until the water content is 30%; cutting water peanut into pieces with length less than 2 cm; mixing grape wine residue, cow dung, rabbit dung, kelp residue, rice hulls, pine scales and alternanthera philoxeroides uniformly, paving the mixture on cement ground into a fertilizer pile with the length of about 2 meters, the width of about 1.5 meters and the thickness of 20 centimeters, spraying fermentation liquor on the fertilizer pile, and paving a second layer and spraying the fermentation liquor on the fertilizer pile by the same method; after 5 layers of fertilizer are spread on each compost, a plastic film is covered on the compost for fermentation. Turning over once when the temperature in the fertilizer pile rises to 50-60 ℃. Mixing, fermenting for 25 days to obtain a basic matrix;
moisturizing and planting: drying the rest edible durian shells and then crushing the dried durian shells into durian shell powder for later use; weighing a silane coupling agent KH550 according to 1.5% of the weight of the durian shell powder, and preparing the silane coupling agent into a solution by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution A; putting durian shell powder into the solution A, and stirring at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ for 1 hour at the speed of 600 revolutions per minute to obtain a modified solution B; evaporating the absolute ethyl alcohol in the modified solution B to obtain a mixture C; mixing sodium polyacrylate, the mixture C and potassium perphosphate according to a ratio of 20: 80: 1, extruding in a double-screw extruder, granulating and drying to obtain the durian shell granules. Mixing the durian shell granules with peat soil according to the weight ratio of 10:1 to obtain the moisturizing plant material.
Mixing: the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing a basic plant material, a moisturizing plant material and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 5: 3: 2, mixing to obtain a culture medium for later use.
And (3) fast propagation culture of cymbidium sinense:
(1) managing the tissue culture seedlings before bottle discharging: before opening a bottle and taking seedlings, gradually strengthening illumination to the tissue culture seedlings to harden the seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: on day 1-5, gradually increasing illumination from 2000lux to 3500lux during tissue culture; on days 6-12, the light exposure was gradually increased from 3500lux to 10000 lux; on day 13-20, gradually increasing the illumination from 10000lux to natural illumination condition; then in natural illumination, loosening the tissue culture bottle cap to train seedlings for 3 days, and then uncovering the bottle cap to train seedlings for 3 days;
(2) and (4) bottle discharging treatment: taking out the cymbidium sinense bottle seedlings from the bottle, selecting bottle seedlings with the plant height of 7-10cm, the number of the roots of 3-5, the length of the roots of 4-6cm and 3-6 leaves per plant, and cleaning culture media attached to the roots in clear water; then soaking the whole tissue culture seedling in 0.3% carbendazim solution for 8 minutes for disinfection, then washing with water, and airing at a cool and ventilated place until the root turns white;
(3) transplanting: transplanting the treated cymbidium seedlings into a flowerpot filled with a culture medium, culturing under the high-temperature and high-humidity condition that the humidity of a planting environment is kept at 82-90% and the daytime temperature is 25-30 ℃ by using a spraying device, controlling the total time of 20000 plus 30000lux to be 4 hours and the total time of 6000 plus 9000lux to be 8 hours within 24 hours each day, and rotating seedling culture hole trays by 60 degrees each 1 day; watering the cultivation substrate to keep the cultivation substrate in a moist state every 3 days, watering and fertilizing once every 2 times, spraying insecticide liquid containing 0.3% of allicin, 0.8% of Meperfluthrin and 0.2% of carbendazim to the cymbidium every 25 days, and spraying all blades of the cymbidium to be moist.
When the fertilizer is applied in combination with watering, the watered water contains the following components in parts by weight: 500 parts of biogas slurry, 2 parts of humic acid, 0.03 part of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.02 part of squalene, 8 parts of smashed cinnamomum camphora leaves, 0.5 part of coriander seed oil, 0.5 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.5 part of potassium nitrate, 0.08 part of amino acid chelated iron, 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.05 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1 part of threonine, 0.3 part of sodium molybdate, 0.1 part of paclobutrazol, OP-101 parts and 400 parts of water.
Example 2
Fermentation preparation of the culture medium:
basic planting: taking 90 parts by weight of grape wine residues, 25 parts by weight of cow dung, 25 parts by weight of rabbit dung, 18 parts by weight of kelp residues, 16 parts by weight of rice hulls, 16 parts by weight of pine scales, 22 parts by weight of alternanthera philoxeroides and 0.4 part by weight of EM bacterial liquid; preparing fermentation liquor by 100 ml of clear water, 30 g of brown sugar and 50 ml of EM bacterial liquid; air-drying cow dung and rabbit dung until the water content is 40%; cutting water peanut into pieces with length less than 2 cm; mixing and uniformly stirring grape wine residues, cow dung, rabbit dung, kelp residues, rice hulls, pine scales and alternanthera philoxeroides, paving a fertilizer pile with the length of about 2 meters, the width of about 1.5 meters and the thickness of 25 centimeters on cement land, spraying fermentation liquor on the fertilizer pile, and paving a second layer and spraying the fermentation liquor on the fertilizer pile according to the same method; after 5 layers of fertilizer are spread on each compost, a plastic film is covered on the compost for fermentation. Turning over once when the temperature in the fertilizer pile rises to 60 ℃. Mixing, and fermenting for 15 days to obtain a basic matrix;
moisturizing and planting: drying the rest edible durian shells in the sun and crushing into durian shell powder for later use; weighing a silane coupling agent KH550 according to 1.5-2.0% of the weight of the durian shell powder, and preparing the silane coupling agent into a solution by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution A; putting the durian shell powder into the solution A, and stirring at the temperature of 75 ℃ for 1.2 hours at the speed of 700 revolutions per minute to obtain a modified solution B; evaporating the absolute ethyl alcohol in the modified solution B to obtain a mixture C; mixing sodium polyacrylate, the mixture C and potassium perphosphate according to a ratio of 35: 90: 1, extruding, granulating and drying in a double-screw extruder to obtain the durian shell granular material. Mixing the durian shell granules with peat soil according to the weight ratio of 11:1 to obtain the moisturizing plant material.
Mixing: the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing a basic plant material, a moisturizing plant material and perlite according to a mass ratio of 5: 4: 2, mixing to obtain a culture medium for later use.
And (3) carrying out rapid propagation culture on cymbidium sinense:
(1) managing the tissue culture seedlings before taking out of the bottles: before opening a bottle and taking seedlings, gradually strengthening illumination to the tissue culture seedlings to harden the seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: on days 1-5, gradually increasing the illumination from 2000lux to 3500lux during tissue culture; on days 6-12, the light exposure was gradually increased from 3500lux to 10000 lux; on day 13-20, gradually increasing the illumination from 10000lux to natural illumination condition; then in natural illumination, loosening the tissue culture bottle cap to harden the seedlings for 5 days, and then uncovering the bottle cap to harden the seedlings for 5 days;
(2) and (4) bottle discharging treatment: taking out the cymbidium sinense seedlings from the bottle, selecting the bottle seedlings with the plant height of 7-10cm, the number of the roots of 3-5, the length of the roots of 4-6cm and 3-6 leaves per plant, and cleaning the culture medium attached to the roots in clear water; then soaking the whole tissue culture seedling in 0.4% carbendazim solution for 10 minutes for disinfection, then washing with water, and airing at a cool and ventilated place until the root turns white;
(3) transplanting: transplanting the treated cymbidium seedlings into a flowerpot filled with a culture medium, culturing under the high-temperature and high-humidity condition that the humidity of a planting environment is kept at 82-90% and the daytime temperature is 25-30 ℃ by using a spraying device, controlling the total time of 20000 plus 30000lux to be 6 hours and the total time of 6000 plus 9000lux to be 6 hours within 24 hours each day, and rotating a seedling culture hole tray by 90 degrees every 2 days; watering the cultivation substrate to keep the cultivation substrate in a moist state every 4 days, watering and fertilizing once every 2 times, spraying insecticide liquid containing 0.4% of allicin, 0.6% of Meperfluthrin and 0.25% of carbendazim to the cymbidium every 26 days, and spraying all blades of the cymbidium to be moist.
When the fertilizer is applied in combination with watering, the watered water contains the following components in parts by weight: 560 parts of biogas slurry, 3 parts of humic acid, 0.04 part of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.02 part of squalene, 9 parts of smashed cinnamomum camphora leaves, 0.6 part of coriander seed oil, 0.6 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.6 part of potassium nitrate, 0.09 part of amino acid chelated iron, 0.15 part of boric acid, 0.06 part of manganese sulfate, 0.15 part of threonine, 0.4 part of sodium molybdate, 0.15 part of paclobutrazol, 101.5 parts of OP-101 and 450 parts of water.
Example 3
Fermentation preparation of the culture medium:
basic planting: taking 100 parts by weight of grape wine residues, 30 parts by weight of cow dung, 30 parts by weight of rabbit dung, 20 parts by weight of kelp residues, 18 parts by weight of rice hulls, 18 parts by weight of pine scales, 25 parts by weight of alternanthera philoxeroides and 0.5 part by weight of EM bacterial liquid; preparing fermentation liquor by using 100 ml of clear water, 40 g of brown sugar and 50 ml of EM bacterial liquid; air-drying cow dung and rabbit dung until the water content is 40%; cutting water peanut into pieces with length less than 2 cm; mixing grape wine residue, cow dung, rabbit dung, kelp residue, rice hulls, pine scales and alternanthera philoxeroides uniformly, paving the mixture on cement ground into a fertilizer pile with the length of about 2 meters, the width of about 1.5 meters and the thickness of 30 centimeters, spraying fermentation liquor on the fertilizer pile, and paving a second layer and spraying the fermentation liquor on the fertilizer pile by the same method; after 5 layers of fertilizer are spread on each compost, a plastic film is covered on the compost for fermentation. Turning over once when the temperature in the fertilizer pile rises to 60 ℃. Mixing, and fermenting for 20 days to obtain a basic matrix;
moisturizing and planting: drying the rest edible durian shells and then crushing the dried durian shells into durian shell powder for later use; weighing a silane coupling agent KH550 according to 1.5-2.0% of the weight of the durian shell powder, and preparing the silane coupling agent into a solution by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution A; putting the durian shell powder into the solution A, and stirring at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ for 1.5 hours at the speed of 800 revolutions per minute to obtain a modified solution B; evaporating the absolute ethyl alcohol in the modified solution B to obtain a mixture C; mixing sodium polyacrylate, the mixture C and potassium perphosphate according to a ratio of 20: 100: 1, extruding, granulating and drying in a double-screw extruder to obtain the durian shell granular material. Mixing the durian shell granules with peat soil according to the weight ratio of 12:1 to obtain the moisturizing plant material.
Mixing: the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing basic plant materials, moisturizing plant materials and ceramsite according to the mass ratio of 5: 3: 2, mixing to obtain a culture medium for later use.
And (3) fast propagation culture of cymbidium sinense:
(1) managing the tissue culture seedlings before bottle discharging: before opening a bottle and taking seedlings, gradually strengthening illumination to the tissue culture seedlings to harden the seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: on days 1-5, gradually increasing the illumination from 2000lux to 3500lux during tissue culture; on days 6-12, the light exposure was gradually increased from 3500lux to 10000 lux; on day 13-20, gradually increasing the illumination from 10000lux to natural illumination condition; then in natural illumination, loosening a tissue culture bottle cap for hardening seedlings for at least 3 days, and then uncovering the bottle cap for hardening the seedlings for at least 3 days;
(2) and (4) bottle discharging treatment: taking out the cymbidium sinense seedlings from the bottle, selecting the bottle seedlings with the plant height of 7-10cm, the number of the roots of 3-5, the length of the roots of 4-6cm and 3-6 leaves per plant, and cleaning the culture medium attached to the roots in clear water; then soaking the whole tissue culture seedling in 0.5% carbendazim solution for 10 minutes for disinfection, then washing the tissue culture seedling with water, and airing the tissue culture seedling in a cool and ventilated place until the root is whitish;
(3) transplanting: transplanting the treated cymbidium seedlings into a flowerpot filled with a culture medium, culturing under the high-temperature and high-humidity condition that the humidity of a planting environment is kept at 82-90% and the daytime temperature is 25-30 ℃ by using a spraying device, controlling the total time of 20000 plus 30000lux to be 5 hours and the total time of 6000 plus 9000lux to be 7 hours within 24 hours each day, and rotating seedling culture hole trays by 180 degrees every 3 days; watering the cultivation substrate to keep the cultivation substrate in a moist state every 5 days, watering and fertilizing once every 2 times, spraying insecticide liquid containing 0.5% of allicin, 0.8% of Meperfluthrin and 0.3% of carbendazim to the cymbidium every 28 days, and spraying all blades of the cymbidium to be moist.
When the fertilizer is applied in combination with watering, the water to be watered contains the following components in parts by weight: 600 parts, 4 parts of humic acid, 0.05 part of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.03 part of squalene, 10 parts of smashed cinnamomum camphora leaves, 0.8 part of coriander seed oil, 0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.8 part of potassium nitrate, 0.10 part of amino acid chelated iron, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.08 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of threonine, 0.5 part of sodium molybdate, 0.2 part of paclobutrazol, OP-102 parts and 500 parts of water.
Comparative example 1
The difference of the embodiment 2 is that the used culture medium is formed by mixing 1 part of leaf mold, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of snake wood chip, 1 part of pond foundation stone, 1 part of immortal soil and half part of coconut coir; the insecticidal liquid only contains 0.25 percent of carbendazim; when the fertilizer is applied in combination with watering, the water does not contain glycyrrhizic acid, squalene, smashed camphor leaves, coriander seed oil and paclobutrazol.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the humidity, the temperature and the illumination of the planting environment are not controlled at all, the planting is carried out under the natural condition, and the adopted culture medium is formed by mixing 1 part of leaf mold, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of snake wood chips, 1 part of pond foundation stone, 1 part of immortal soil and half part of coconut coir; when the fertilizer is applied in combination with watering, the water does not contain glycyrrhizic acid, squalene, smashed camphor leaves, coriander seed oil and paclobutrazol.
The method of the above examples 1, 2, 3 and comparative examples 1, 2 are respectively adopted to culture cymbidium sinense, 10 cymbidium sinense seedlings are cultured in each case, after 2 years of culture, the plants are dug out to carry out statistics on average seedling number, the average seedling rate is new seedling number/old seedling number, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 average number of seedlings obtained in each group under different culture conditions
Randomly selecting 3 newly-sent seedlings in each example, and planting the seedlings in the environment of natural temperature, illumination and humidity for 3 months, wherein the seedlings in examples 2 and 3 and comparative example 2 are all alive without degeneration; in example 1, 1 plant died, and 3 plants in comparative example 1 all showed degeneration, short plants and dark spots with charred leaves. The new seedling generated by the method is relatively strong and has strong adaptability.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high-temperature high-humidity rapid propagation culture method of cymbidium sinense is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) managing the tissue culture seedlings before bottle discharging: before opening a bottle and taking seedlings, gradually strengthening illumination to the tissue culture seedlings to harden the seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: on day 1-5, gradually increasing illumination from 2000lux to 3500lux during tissue culture; on days 6-12, the light was gradually increased from 3500lux to 10000 lux; on day 13-20, gradually increasing the illumination from 10000lux to natural illumination condition; then in natural illumination, loosening the tissue culture bottle cap to harden the seedlings for at least 3 days, and then uncovering the bottle cap to harden the seedlings for at least 3 days;
(2) and (4) bottle discharging treatment: taking out the cymbidium sinense bottle seedlings from the bottle, selecting bottle seedlings suitable for transplanting, and cleaning culture media attached to roots in clear water; then soaking the whole tissue culture seedling in 0.3-0.5% carbendazim solution for 8-10 minutes for disinfection, then washing with water, and airing at a cool and ventilated place until the root turns white;
(3) transplanting: transplanting the treated cymbidium seedlings into a flowerpot filled with a culture medium, culturing under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity with the air humidity of 82-90% and the daytime temperature of 25-30 ℃, controlling the total time of 20000 plus 30000lux to be 4-6 hours and the total time of 6000 plus 9000lux to be 6-8 hours within 24 hours each day, and rotating seedling culture hole trays by 60-180 degrees each 1-3 days; watering the cultivation substrate to keep the cultivation substrate in a wet state every 3-5 days, watering and fertilizing once every 2-3 times of watering, and spraying the pesticide solution to the cymbidium every 25-28 days;
wherein the culture substrate comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 5: 3-4: 2, the basic plant material, the moisturizing plant material and the breathable plant material are mainly prepared by mixing 80-100 parts by weight of wine residues, 20-30 parts by weight of cow dung, 20-30 parts by weight of rabbit dung, 15-20 parts by weight of kelp residues, 12-18 parts by weight of rice hulls, 12-18 parts by weight of pine scales, 18-25 parts by weight of alternanthera philoxeroides and 0.3-0.5 part by weight of EM bacterial liquid and fermenting for 15-25 days; the moisture-preserving plant material is formed by mixing peat soil and durian shell granules according to the weight ratio of 10-12: 1; the breathable planting material is one of ceramsite, perlite or vermiculite;
when the fertilizer is applied in combination with watering, the watered water comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500 portions of biogas slurry, 2 to 4 portions of humic acid, 0.03 to 0.05 portion of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.02 to 0.03 portion of squalene, 8 to 10 portions of camphor leaves, 0.5 to 0.8 portion of coriander seed oil, 0.5 to 0.8 portion of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of calcium superphosphate, 0.5 to 0.8 portion of potassium nitrate, 0.08 to 0.10 portion of amino acid chelated iron, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of boric acid, 0.05 to 0.08 portion of manganese sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of threonine, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of sodium molybdate, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of paclobutrazol, OP-101 to 2 portions and 500 portions of water 400;
the durian shell granule is prepared by the following method: firstly, drying the rest edible durian shells and then crushing the dried durian shells into durian shell powder for later use; weighing a silane coupling agent according to 1.5-2.0% of the weight of the durian shell powder, and preparing the silane coupling agent into a solution by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution A; putting durian shell powder into the solution A, and stirring for 1-1.5 hours at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ at the speed of 600 plus 800 rpm to obtain a modified solution B; evaporating the absolute ethyl alcohol in the modified solution B to obtain a mixture C; mixing sodium polyacrylate, the mixture C and potassium perphosphate according to a ratio of 20-35: 80-100: 1, extruding, granulating and drying in a double-screw extruder to obtain the durian shell granular material.
2. The rapid propagation culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selection of the bottle seedlings suitable for transplanting is that the bottle seedlings with the plant height of 7-10cm, the number of roots of 3-5, the length of the roots of 4-6cm and 3-6 leaves of each plant are selected.
3. The rapid propagation culture method according to claim 1, wherein: the kelp residue is the residue after the kelp produces sodium alginate.
4. The rapid propagation culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the insecticidal liquid contains 0.3-0.5% of allicin, 0.5-0.8% of meperfluthrin and 0.2-0.3% of carbendazim.
5. The rapid propagation culture method according to claim 1, wherein: the requirement when the pesticide liquid is sprayed is that all leaves of the cymbidium sinense are sprayed with moisture.
6. The rapid propagation culture method according to claim 1, wherein: during the culture process, the humidity of the planting environment is kept at 82-90% by using a spraying device.
7. The rapid propagation culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the camphor leaves need to be smashed into pulp before use.
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| CN101983554A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-09 | 西南林学院 | Reproduction method of Chinese cymbidium seedlings |
| CN104920223A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 柳州市长林苗木种植专业合作社 | Chinese cymbidium seedling breeding method |
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| CN101983554A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-09 | 西南林学院 | Reproduction method of Chinese cymbidium seedlings |
| CN104920223A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 柳州市长林苗木种植专业合作社 | Chinese cymbidium seedling breeding method |
| CN106342517A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-25 | 四川七彩林业开发有限公司 | Melaleuca bracteata tissue culture seedling hardening method |
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