CN114391432B - Floating type wild vegetable cutting seedling raising method - Google Patents
Floating type wild vegetable cutting seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of crop cutting seedling, and in particular discloses a floating type wild vegetable cutting seedling method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of a nutritional matrix; (2) constructing a seedling raising pond; (3) matrix palletizing; (4) cutting; (5) seedling management. The seedling raising method adopts a floating seedling raising method, the seedling raising substrate adopts corncobs, peanut shells and dry cow dung which are low in price as fermentation raw materials, azolla and EM biological bacteria are added for fermentation, the fermented and decomposed substrate is added with chaff charcoal, microbial agents containing trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis and polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer for use, the substrate is comprehensive in nutrition, contains more beneficial microorganisms, is good in air permeability, has a strong water and fertilizer retaining effect, has a good promoting effect on plant rooting and growth, and is beneficial to rooting and seedling strengthening of wild vegetables by being matched with a built seedling raising pond, cutting seedling raising efficiency of the wild vegetables is improved, and seedling raising cost of the wild vegetables is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of crop cutting seedling, and particularly relates to a floating type wild vegetable cutting seedling method.
Background
The wild vegetable has a long cultural history, is a precious grain for long-character warriors, and is called as long-character vegetable. Along with the continuous improvement of living standard, people have stronger health care consciousness, the requirements on diversity of foods are increased, the delicacies of mountain and delicacies of sea food and big fish and big meat are not pursued, the flavor, safety and nutrition functions of foods are more and more emphasized, and wild vegetables gradually return to a dining table due to the characteristics of unique flavor, natural pollution-free property, safety, no pesticide residue, high nutrition value, homology of medicine and food and the like. Such as heart-saving vegetable with special curative effects on sedation, depressurization, anti-inflammation and detoxification, coronary artery expansion and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, red back vegetable with blood circulation promoting, hemostasis, detoxification and detumescence, and rich vegetable with three high conditioning functions, etc., can be used as medicated diet, and is an ideal health-care vegetable. In recent years, the planting of wild vegetables is performed in various places throughout the country, the scale is also larger and the demand of wild vegetable seedlings is also larger.
At present, wild vegetables with high adaptability and good planting benefit, such as rich vegetables, red back vegetables and heart-saving vegetables, are mainly produced in a large-area manner by adopting a cutting propagation method. However, the existing wild vegetable cutting seedling raising method mainly uses soil for cutting, and the soil cutting often has the following defects: and (one) takes a lot of work. The soil preparation requirement is high, and a great deal of labor is required for raking and leveling. And (II) the number of diseases is large, and the survival rate is low. Is inconvenient to thoroughly disinfect, is easy to suffer from soil-borne diseases, and frequently causes stem-based rot and root rot. (III) the uniformity and quality of the seedlings are poor. Soil is easy to harden, and water and fertilizer are difficult to balance, so that seedlings are large and small. And fourthly, the long-distance transportation is inconvenient, and the seedling recovery period is long. The root is easy to damage by pulling seedling, the wound is easy to be infected by soil bacteria and even broken, loss is caused, the root is less in soil carrying, wilting is easy to occur, long-distance transportation is not facilitated, transplanting and field planting are not easy to survive, the seedling recovery period is long, and management and protection are complicated in high-temperature drought. Some of the seedlings are cut by using matrix for dishing or cup filling, but the management level is high in requirement, fine and complicated, and if the matrix is not sterilized in place, toxic hazard can be generated, the propagation rate is reduced, and the seedling raising cost is increased.
Aiming at the defects of the existing wild vegetable cutting seedling method, the application adopts the self-made nutrient medium combined with the float seedling method to carry out cutting seedling on the wild vegetables, aims at changing agricultural wastes into valuables, realizes recycling of agricultural resources, simplifies seedling management, improves the wild vegetable cutting seedling efficiency, and reduces seedling cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a float type wild vegetable cutting seedling method, so that the defects of the existing wild vegetable cutting seedling method are overcome, the wild vegetable seedling management is simplified, the wild vegetable cutting seedling efficiency is improved, and the wild vegetable seedling cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application provides a float-type wild vegetable cutting seedling method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a nutrition matrix: firstly, respectively crushing corncob, peanut shell and dry cow dung, uniformly mixing, then adding azolla and EM biological bacteria, uniformly stirring, controlling the water content to be 66% -75%, and covering a membrane for composting and fermenting until the decomposition is completed;
wherein, the weight ratio of the corncob to the peanut shell to the dried cow dung to the azolla is 30-40:20-30:10-20:20-25 parts of a base;
(2) Building a seedling raising pool: building a seedling raising pool under a greenhouse, building or directly digging a ground with ceramic tiles to form the seedling raising pool, leveling the soil at the bottom of the pool, filling a layer of plastic film with the thickness of 8S, and putting clear water into the seedling raising pool in advance when cutting is performed on the day;
(3) Matrix dishing: filling the substrate into a floating seedling tray, filling the substrate prepared in the step (1) into the floating seedling tray, and scraping off the substrate to be cut;
(4) Cutting: selecting strong mature branches, cutting the branches into seedling trays, lightly putting the branches into a seedling pool, lightly pressing the seedling trays after horizontally putting the branches, and enabling the bottoms to fully absorb water to be loose, wherein the seedling trays and the seedling trays are closely and orderly arranged;
(5) Seedling management: during the seedling raising period, water is not required to be changed, watering is not required, and after the cuttage survival, 500 times of microbial inoculant and 500 times of polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces every 7d-10d for 1-2 times; transplanting 15d-30d after cutting.
The raw materials of the corncob and the peanut shell in the culture medium are common agricultural wastes which are large in quantity and can be purchased locally, the cost is substantial, the corn cob and the peanut shell can be used as a filling material of the medium, and nutrient substances such as organic matters can be added for recycling, so that waste is changed into valuable. Cattle are vegetarian animals and are mainly fed with green feeds, and excrement, namely cow dung, contains few harmful substances such as antibiotics and heavy metals, so that the matrix is improved, and nutrient substances such as organic matters are also supplemented. The water content of azolla is 95%, under the optimal growth condition, 3d-4d can double the yield, the nutrition is comprehensive, the dry matter contains 25% -35% of crude protein, 7% -11% of crude fiber, and mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, sulfur, selenium, molybdenum and the like, so that not only is the matrix water supplemented, but also the nutrition is increased.
Preferably, in the step (1), the fermented and decomposed substrate is added with the chaff charcoal, the microbial agent containing trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis and the polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer before use, and the water content is controlled at 68-72%. Preferably, the microbial agent is a root crop (crop Le Fu).
Preferably, in the step (1), the weight ratio of corncob, peanut shell, dry cow dung, azolla and husk biochar is 30-40:20-30:10-20:20-25:20-30. Preferably, the weight ratio of corncob, peanut shell, dry cow dung, azolla and chaff biochar is 30:20:10:20:20.
preferably, in the step (1), the addition amount of the EM biological bacteria is 2-3kg/m 3 The addition amount of the microbial agent is 1-2kg/m 3 The addition amount of the polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer is 1-2kg/m 3 。
Preferably, in the step (2), the depth of the water pool is 20-30cm, and the depth of the discharged clear water is 15-20cm.
Preferably, the external dimension of the floating seedling tray is 66cm multiplied by 34cm multiplied by 5cm, the number of holes is 17 multiplied by 8=136 holes, and the aperture is 3cm multiplied by 4.5cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), if the cutting seedling is the heart-shaped cabbage, each branch is divided into a plurality of cutting slips, the cutting slips are required to be cut off at the nodes of the stems of the cutting slips so as to be beneficial to rooting, the length of each cutting slip is 6-8cm, and 2-3 leaves at the lower end are removed and then cut. Root systems of the heart-saving vegetables grow from the nodes, so that cutting slips need to be cut off from the nodes of stems, but not from internodes, so that rapid rooting is facilitated.
Preferably, in the step (4), if the cutting seedling is red back vegetable or rich vegetable, 3-4 leaves are reserved for the top bud cutting spike, and 2-3 leaves are reserved for the stem section cutting spike.
Preferably, before cutting rooting survival, when illumination is strong and temperature is higher (more than 28 ℃), a small arch shed is built to cover a sunshade net for shading and cooling, so that the wilting caused by too fast evaporation of water in the cutting is avoided.
Preferably, if the cutting seedling is gynura bicolor, 600 times of liquid of 100 hundred million spores/ml of the Equisqualis suspension agent or 1500 times of liquid of 60 g/L of spinetoram suspension agent are sprayed to prevent and treat the harm of noctuid.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the corncob and the peanut shell are common agricultural wastes which are large in quantity and can be purchased locally, are low in price, can be used as a filler of a matrix, can be used for adding nutrient substances such as organic matters, can be recycled, and can be changed into valuable.
2. Cattle are vegetarian animals and are mainly fed with green feeds, and excrement, namely cattle manure, contains few harmful substances such as antibiotics, heavy metals and the like, so that not only is the matrix improved, but also nutrient substances such as organic matters and the like are supplemented, and the fertilizer efficiency of the seedling matrix is prolonged.
3. The water content of azolla is 95%, under the optimal growth condition, 3d-4d can double the yield, the nutrition is comprehensive, the dry matter contains 25% -35% of crude protein, 7% -11% of crude fiber, and mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, sulfur, selenium, molybdenum and the like, not only the matrix moisture is supplemented, but also the nutrition is increased, and meanwhile, the cost of the seedling culture matrix can be saved.
4. The mixture of corncob, peanut shell, dry cow dung and azolla can be quickly decomposed by fermenting EM biological bacteria, organic matters are degraded into nutritional components which can be absorbed by plants, pathogenic bacteria and ova are killed, rooting is well promoted, and the growth of cutting seedlings is facilitated.
5. The chaff biomass charcoal is a substance produced by pyrolysis under the conditions of low oxygen and low temperature. The biomass charcoal produced under the conditions has high carbon content (generally more than 60%), thermal stability and biochemical decomposition resistance, and can assimilate atmospheric CO from plants after being applied to the substrate 2 The carbon in the carbon matrix is stored in the matrix for a long time, so that the carburetion of the matrix is realized. In addition, the biomass charcoal has large specific surface area, contains a large amount of organic functional groups (such as-COO-, -OH), can reduce nutrient loss in the matrix, and has the characteristics of porosity and light weight, and can enhance matrix permeationSex, is favorable for rooting and strengthening the plant.
6. The microbial agent adopts root crop (crop Le Fu) which contains trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, the viable count is 20 hundred million/g, and the nutritional ingredients are 50% fulvic acid, 20% crude protein, 8% amino acid, 15% NPK, creatine, polysaccharide, vitamin B and vitamin C; the polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer adopts root crop Le Fu, and the nutrient component is humic acid>30g/L、N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O>200g/L and chelated microelements Fe+Zn+B+Mn is more than or equal to 0.5% -3%), the combination of the two can effectively prevent diseases, prevent dead seedlings from rotting roots and strongly root, can regulate acid and alkali and prevent hardening, maintains a good plant growth environment, and greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
7. The floating type cutting seedling method is simple and easy to operate, convenient to manage, trouble-saving and labor-saving, greatly improves the cutting seedling efficiency and seedling quality of wild vegetables, is convenient for long-distance transportation, and effectively shortens the seedling recovery period.
8. The nutrient substrate prepared by the method is rich in nutrient components such as organic matters, fulvic acid, amino acids and the like, also contains mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, sulfur, selenium, molybdenum and the like, and various beneficial microorganisms, is porous, light in weight and strong in permeability, not only provides nutrient substances required by the growth of wild vegetable cutting seedlings, but also has the effects of effectively preventing diseases, preventing root rot of dead seedlings, strongly rooting, regulating acid and alkali, preventing hardening and the like, and is low in cost and popularization. The self-made substrate is combined with the float type cutting seedling method, so that the cutting seedling efficiency and seedling quality of wild vegetables can be greatly improved, and the management and long-distance transportation are convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a floating type cutting seedling of Sedum aizoon.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of cutting seedlings of Sedum aizoon in different cutting modes
Fig. 3 is a photograph of a float type cutting seedling of gynura bicolor.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the application is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the application is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A float type cutting seedling raising method for heart-saving vegetables comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a nutrition matrix: firstly, respectively crushing corncob, peanut shell and dry cow dung, uniformly mixing, then adding azolla and EM biological bacteria, uniformly stirring, controlling the water content to be 66% -75%, and covering a film for composting and fermenting for 30 days to finish thoroughly decomposition; before using, the fermented and decomposed matrix is added with chaff charcoal, a microbial agent containing Trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis and polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer, and the final water content is controlled at 68-72%.
Wherein, the weight ratio of corncob, peanut shell, dry cow dung, azolla and chaff biochar is 40:20:20:25:25.
the addition amount of the EM biological bacteria is 2-3kg/m 3 The addition amount of the microbial agent is 1-2kg/m 3 The addition amount of the polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer is 1-2kg/m 3 . The microbial agent adopts root crop (crop Le Fu) which contains trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, the viable count is 20 hundred million/g, and the nutritional ingredients are 50% fulvic acid, 20% crude protein, 8% amino acid, 15% NPK, creatine, polysaccharide, vitamin B and vitamin C; the polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer adopts root crop Le Fu, and the nutrient component is humic acid>30g/L、N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O>200g/L and chelated microelements Fe+Zn+B+Mn is more than or equal to 0.5% -3%), the combination of the two can effectively prevent diseases, prevent dead seedlings from rotting roots and strongly root, can regulate acid and alkali and prevent hardening, maintains a good plant growth environment, and greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
(2) Building a seedling raising pool: building a seedling raising pool under a greenhouse, building or directly digging with ceramic tiles to form the seedling raising pool, wherein the width of the seedling raising pool is about 140cm (or 70 cm), the depth of the seedling raising pool is about 20cm, the width between the pools is 40cm, the length and the number are determined according to the required seedling amount and the greenhouse size, and the bottom of the pool is a mud land. Leveling the mud land, then filling a layer of plastic film with the thickness of 8S, and putting clear water into a seedling raising pool in advance when cutting is carried out on the day; the clear water depth was about 15cm.
(3) Matrix dishing: filling the substrate into a floating seedling tray, filling the substrate prepared in the step (1) into the floating seedling tray, and scraping off the substrate to be cut. The external dimension of the floating seedling tray is 66cm multiplied by 34cm multiplied by 5cm, the number of holes is 17 multiplied by 8=136 holes, and the aperture is 3cm multiplied by 4.5cm.
(4) Cutting: taking the heart-shaped vegetable as an example. Firstly, selecting robust mature branches, wherein each branch can be divided into a plurality of cutting slips, the heart-shaped vegetables need to be pinched off (being beneficial to rooting) at the nodes of the stems, the length of each cutting slip is 6-8cm, and 2-3 leaves at the lower end can be removed to facilitate cutting. The seedling raising tray can be uniformly inserted after cutting, or inserted while cutting, the seedling raising tray is gently placed in the seedling raising pool after the tray is inserted, the seedling raising tray is gently pressed for about 5 seconds after the tray is placed flat, the bottom can be fully absorbed by water, hands can be loosened, and the tray are tightly arranged in order.
(5) Seedling management: during the seedling raising period, water is not required to be changed, watering is not required, and after the cuttage survival, 500 times of microbial inoculant and 500 times of polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces every 7d-10d for 1-2 times; transplanting 15d-30d after cutting. The top bud cutting of the red back vegetable and the rich vegetable has 3-4 leaves, the stem cutting has 2-3 leaves, and if the leaves are too large, half of the leaves can be cut off. Before cutting rooting and survival, when illumination is strong and temperature is high, a small arch shed is built to cover a sunshade net to shade and cool, so that the phenomenon that moisture in a cutting body evaporates too fast to wilt is avoided. Insect damage is rarely generated during the seedling raising period of the sedum aizoon and the sedum aizoon, and the insect damage is prevented and controlled without spraying medicines.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: soil is used for cutting seedling, a matrix is not used, a float is not used, and other management methods are the same.
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that: the seedling is cultivated by cutting with a matrix plug, and other management methods are the same without floating.
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 in that: the sponge is used for floating type cutting seedling, the matrix is not used for floating type, and other management methods are the same.
The wild vegetables were cultivated by the cutting cultivation method in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the wild vegetable varieties were heart-saving vegetables and red-backed vegetables, and the survival rate, plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, root number and growth vigor of the cultivated wild vegetables were compared, the growth vigor of heart-saving vegetables and red-backed vegetables are shown in fig. 1 to 3, and the data are shown in the following tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 cutting effect of different cutting modes on Sedum aizoon
Note that: cutting for 3 months and 30 days, and counting for 3 months, namely counting for 27 days after cutting
TABLE 2 cuttage Effect of different cuttage modes on Gynura bicolor
Note that: cutting for 3 months and 26 days, and counting for 4 months and 25 days, namely counting for 30 days after cutting
From table 1 above, it can be seen that example 1 uses self-made substrate to carry out cursory cutting seedling, the survival rate is 98.7%, the plant height is 11.2cm, the stem thickness is 4.32mm, the number of leaves is 30.8, the number of roots is 20.6, the growth vigor is strong, the seedlings are regular, and the roots are many and long. Comparative example 1 employs earth cutting method to carry out cutting seedling raising on the heart-shaped cabbage, the survival rate is 89.2%, the plant height is 9.3cm, the stem thickness is 3.68mm, the number of leaves is 24.3, the root number is 16.3, the growth vigor is general, the root is thick and long, but the seedling is not neat, there are dead plants, all indexes are lower than those of example 1, because earth cutting has earth-borne diseases, soil is easy to harden, unfavorable root system growth, plant growth vigor is poor, water and fertilizer are not easy to be balanced, and large and small seedlings appear. Comparative example 2 adopts a matrix plug seedling method to carry out cutting seedling on the heart-saving vegetables, the survival rate is 94.3%, the plant height is 8.6cm, the stem thickness is 3.53mm, the number of leaves is 21.7, the number of roots is 21.1, the growth vigor is weak, the seedlings are not orderly and easily wilted, the roots are long and thin, the plant diseases and insect pests are many, and all indexes are lower than those of example 1, because the requirement on moisture management of plug seedling is higher, imbalance of moisture can be caused by a little negligence, excessive dryness and excessive humidity are easy, the root system is damaged, the moisture consumed by transpiration is larger than the water absorption of the root system, the plants are easy to wilt when the light is strong, and the plant growth is easy to be wilted and insect disease is harmful. The comparative example 3 adopts a sponge floating seedling method to carry out cuttage seedling culture on gynura bicolor, the survival rate is 82.1%, the plant height is 8.8cm, the stem thickness is 3.14mm, the number of leaves is 21.9, the root number is 12.2, the growth vigor is weaker, the seedlings are not orderly and yellow, the root system is few and short, all indexes are lower than those of the example 1, because no nutrition exists in the sponge, the cutting slips are clamped by the sponge, the rooting is difficult, the plant growth vigor is also weak, if the sponge is biased, the cutting slips wound cannot absorb moisture, the rooting is not caused, and the survival is difficult.
From the above table 2, it can be seen that, in example 1, the self-made substrate was used to perform floating type cutting seedling raising on gynura bicolor, the survival rate was 97.6%, the plant height was 16.5cm, the stem thickness was 5.24mm, the number of leaves was 9.5, the number of leaves was 19.2, the growth vigor was strong, the seedlings were neat, and the roots were many and long. Comparative example 1 employs earth cutting method to carry out cutting seedling raising on gynura bicolor, the survival rate is 82.5%, the plant height is 15.8cm, the stem thickness is 5.18mm, the number of leaves is 9.1, the root number is 15.1, the growth vigor is strong, the root thickness is long, but the seedling is not neat, dead plants exist, all indexes are lower than those of example 1, because earth cutting has earth-borne diseases, soil is easy to harden, unfavorable root system growth is easy to cause, but the gynura bicolor growth vigor is strong, and large and small seedlings are caused because of the uneasy balance of water fertilizer. In comparative example 2, the substrate plug seedling method is adopted to conduct cutting seedling on gynura bicolor, the survival rate is 90.0%, the plant height is 8.4cm, the stem thickness is 5.18mm, the number of leaves is 9.1, the number of roots is 21.1, the growth vigor is weak, seedlings are irregular, the bottom leaves are yellow, the roots are more and thinner, other indexes are lower than those of example 1 except for the roots which are more than example 1, and the reason is that the requirement on moisture management of plug seedling is higher, moisture imbalance is caused by a little negligence, excessive dryness and excessive humidity are easy, the root system is damaged, and the growth of plants is affected. The comparative example 3 adopts a sponge floating seedling method to carry out cuttage seedling culture on gynura bicolor, the survival rate is 87.2%, the plant height is 8.2cm, the stem thickness is 4.17mm, the number of leaves is 7.0, the number of roots is 7.7, the growth vigor is weaker, the seedlings are not orderly and yellow, the root systems are few and short, all indexes are lower than those of the example 1, because no nutrition exists in the sponge, the cutting slips are clamped by the sponge, the rooting is difficult, the plant growth vigor is weaker, if the sponge is biased, the cutting slips wound cannot absorb moisture, the rooting is not caused, and the survival is difficult.
The example 1 of the tables 1 and 2 has the best floating cutting seedling raising effect on wild vegetables by adopting the self-made substrate, and has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, more beneficial microorganisms, good air permeability, strong water and fertilizer retention effect and good promotion effect on plant rooting and growth. And because the specific heat capacity of water is larger than that of soil, the water temperature change is smaller than that of the soil under the condition of the same heating or cooling, and the temperature is stable, thereby being beneficial to rooting and strengthening seedlings.
Example 2
A float type wild vegetable cutting seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a nutrition matrix: firstly, respectively crushing corncob, peanut shell and dry cow dung, uniformly mixing, then adding azolla and EM biological bacteria, uniformly stirring, controlling the water content to be 66% -75%, and covering a film for composting and fermenting for 30 days to finish thoroughly decomposition; before using, the fermented and decomposed matrix is added with chaff charcoal, a microbial agent containing Trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis and polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer, and the final water content is controlled at 68-72%.
Wherein, the weight ratio of corncob, peanut shell, dry cow dung, azolla and chaff biochar is 30:20:10:20:20.
the addition amount of the EM biological bacteria is 2-3kg/m 3 The addition amount of the microbial agent is 1-2kg/m 3 The addition amount of the polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer is 1-2kg/m 3 . The microbial agent adopts root crop (crop Le Fu) which contains trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, the viable count is 20 hundred million/g, and the nutritional ingredients are 50% fulvic acid, 20% crude protein, 8% amino acid, 15% NPK, creatine, polysaccharide, vitamin B and vitamin C; the polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer adopts root crop Le Fu, and the nutrient component is humic acid>30g/L、N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O>200g/L and chelated microelements Fe+Zn+B+Mn is more than or equal to 0.5% -3%), the combination of the two can effectively prevent diseases, prevent dead seedlings from rotting roots and strongly root, can regulate acid and alkali and prevent hardening, maintains a good plant growth environment, and greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
(2) Building a seedling raising pool: building a seedling raising pool under a greenhouse, building or directly digging with ceramic tiles to form the seedling raising pool, wherein the width of the seedling raising pool is about 140cm (or 70 cm), the depth of the seedling raising pool is about 20cm, the width between the pools is 40cm, the length and the number are determined according to the required seedling amount and the greenhouse size, and the bottom of the pool is a mud land. Leveling the mud land, then filling a layer of plastic film with the thickness of 8S, and putting clear water into a seedling raising pool in advance when cutting is carried out on the day; the clear water depth was about 15cm.
(3) Matrix dishing: filling the substrate into a floating seedling tray, filling the substrate prepared in the step (1) into the floating seedling tray, and scraping off the substrate to be cut. The external dimension of the floating seedling tray is 66cm multiplied by 34cm multiplied by 5cm, the number of holes is 17 multiplied by 8=136 holes, and the aperture is 3cm multiplied by 4.5cm.
(4) Cutting: taking Gynura bicolor as an example. Firstly, selecting robust mature branches, wherein each branch can be divided into a plurality of cutting slips. The top bud cutting of the red back vegetable and the rich vegetable has 3-4 leaves, the stem cutting has 2-3 leaves, and if the leaves are too large, half of the leaves can be cut off. Inserting the cutting slips into the seedling raising tray, slightly flatly placing the tray into the seedling raising pool after the tray is inserted, slightly pressing the tray for about 5s after flatly placing, and enabling the bottom to fully absorb water to loosen hands, wherein the tray is tightly arranged and tidy.
(5) Seedling management: during the seedling raising period, water is not required to be changed, watering is not required, and after the cuttage survival, 500 times of microbial inoculant and 500 times of polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces every 7d-10d for 1-2 times; transplanting 15d-30d after cutting. Before cutting rooting and survival, when illumination is strong and temperature is high, a small arch shed is built to cover a sunshade net to shade and cool, so that the phenomenon that moisture in a cutting body evaporates too fast to wilt is avoided. The gynura bicolor has little night moth, and can be sprayed with 600 times of liquid of 100 hundred million spores/ml of a short-staple bacillus suspending agent or 1500 times of liquid of 60 g/L of an spinetoram suspending agent (Ai Lushi) for prevention and treatment.
Comparative example 4 differs from example 2 in that: the seedling raising matrix (peat, perlite and leech are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1) in the market is adopted for raising seedlings, and other management methods are the same.
Comparative example 5 is different from example 2 in that: before use, the fermented and decomposed substrate is not added with chaff charcoal, microbial agent and polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer, the water content is not regulated, and other management methods are the same.
Comparative example 6 differs from example 2 in that: the azolla is not added in the preparation process of the seedling substrate, and other management methods are the same.
Comparative example 7 differs from example 2 in that: and in the preparation process of the seedling substrate, EM biological bacteria are not added for fermentation, and the traditional stack retting method is adopted for fermentation, so that other management methods are the same.
The wild vegetables were grown by the cutting seedling method in example 2 and comparative examples 4 to 7, the wild vegetable variety was gynura bicolor, and the survival rate, plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, root number and growth vigor of the grown seedling of gynura bicolor were compared, and the data are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 cuttage Effect of different seedling substrates on Gynura bicolor
Note that: cutting for 4 months and 2 days, and counting for 4 months and 30 days, namely counting for 28 days after cutting
From the above table 3, it can be seen that, in example 2, the self-made substrate was used to perform floating type cutting seedling raising on gynura bicolor, the survival rate was 98.4%, the plant height was 16.8cm, the stem thickness was 5.05mm, the number of leaves was 9.7, the number of leaves was 20.1, the plants were strong and tidy, and the thick roots were more and longer. The comparative example 4 adopts the seedling substrate on the market to carry out cutting seedling cultivation on gynura bicolor, the survival rate is 86.2 percent, the plant height is 13.3cm, the stem thickness is 4.01mm, the number of leaves is 7.5, the number of roots is 14.6, the plants are neat but weak, the thin roots are many but thin, the seedling substrate is easy to wilt and has dead plants, and all indexes are lower than those of the example 2, because the seedling substrate on the market is not added with chaff charcoal, the nutrition is easy to run off, the azolla and polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer are not added, the nutrition components are few and unbalanced, the EM biological bacteria are not added for fermentation and microbial agents, pathogenic bacteria and ova are contained, and the seedling substrate is unfavorable for the cutting rooting and the rooting of gynura bicolor. The comparative example 5 adopts the matrix of fermented and decomposed, which is not added with husk charcoal, microbial inoculum and polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer before use, does not adjust the water content, has 86.2 percent of cuttage survival rate of red back vegetables, 13.3cm of plant height, 4.01mm of stem thickness, 7.5 leaves, 14.6 roots, regular but weak plants, more but thin roots, easy wilting and dead plants, and has lower indexes than the example 2, because the husk charcoal is not added, nutrition is easy to run off, microbial inoculum is not added, beneficial microorganisms are less, polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer is not added, and the nutrition components are less and unbalanced, thereby affecting cuttage rooting and plant growth. The comparative example 6 shows that the seedling substrate is prepared without azolla, the cutting survival rate of the gynura bicolor is 90.2%, the plant height is 14.5cm, the stem thickness is 4.23mm, the number of leaves is 8.2, the root number is 16.7, the plants are neat but weak, the root thickness is thick and long, and all indexes are lower than those of the example 2, because the seedling substrate is not added with azolla, the nutrition is incomplete, and the growth of the plants is affected. Comparative example 7 was fermented without the addition of EM biological bacteria, the fermentation was performed by the conventional stack retting method, the cutting survival rate of gynura bicolor was 88.1%, the plant height was 14.0cm, the stem thickness was 4.16mm, the number of leaves was 7.8, the number of roots was 15.9, the plants were neat but weak, the roots were thin and long, dead plants were found, and all indexes were lower than those of example 2, because the addition of EM biological bacteria did not lead to insufficient fermentation of the substrate, pathogenic bacteria and ova were possibly present, the plant growth was compromised, and the cured nutrient substances were not effectively transformed to lead to insufficient absorption of the plants, affecting the plant growth.
Therefore, the self-made substrate has comprehensive nutrition, contains more beneficial microorganisms, has good air permeability, has stronger water and fertilizer retention effects, and has good promotion effects on plant rooting and growth. The corn cob, the peanut shell and the like in the seedling substrate are common agricultural wastes, are cheap, can be used as a filler of the substrate, can be used for adding nutrient substances such as organic matters, and can be recycled, thereby changing waste into valuable.
In summary, the seedling raising method adopts a floating seedling raising method, the seedling raising substrate adopts low-cost corncobs, peanut shells and dry cow dung as fermentation raw materials, azolla and EM biological bacteria are added for fermentation, the fermented and decomposed substrate is added with chaff charcoal, microbial agents containing trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis and polyglutamic acid water-soluble fertilizer for reuse, the substrate is comprehensive in nutrition, contains more beneficial microorganisms, is good in air permeability, has a strong water and fertilizer retaining effect, has a good promoting effect on plant rooting and growth, and is beneficial to wild vegetable rooting and seedling strengthening by matching with the built seedling raising pond, the wild vegetable cutting seedling raising efficiency is improved, and the wild vegetable seedling raising cost is reduced.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present application are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the application to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the application and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the application in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the application be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A float type wild vegetable cutting seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a nutrition matrix: firstly, respectively crushing corncob, peanut shell and dry cow dung, uniformly mixing, then adding azolla and EM biological bacteria, uniformly stirring, controlling the water content to be 66% -75%, and covering a membrane for composting and fermenting until the decomposition is completed;
before the fermented and decomposed matrix is used, adding chaff charcoal, a microbial agent containing Trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis and polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer, and uniformly stirring; wherein, the weight ratio of corncob, peanut shell, dry cow dung, azolla and chaff biochar is 30-40:20-30:10-20:20-25:20-30 parts; the addition amount of the EM biological bacteria is 2-3kg/m 3 The addition amount of the microbial agent is 1-2kg/m 3 The addition amount of the polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer is 1-2kg/m 3 The final water content is controlled at 68-72%;
(2) Building a seedling raising pool: building a seedling raising pool under a greenhouse, building or directly digging a ground with ceramic tiles to form the seedling raising pool, leveling the soil at the bottom of the pool, filling a layer of plastic film with the thickness of 8S, and putting clear water into the seedling raising pool in advance when cutting is performed on the day; the depth of the water pool is 20-30cm, and the depth of the clear water is 15-20cm;
(3) Matrix dishing: filling the substrate into a floating seedling tray, filling the substrate prepared in the step (1) into the floating seedling tray, and scraping off the substrate to be cut;
(4) Cutting: selecting strong mature branches, cutting the branches into seedling trays, lightly putting the branches into a seedling pool, lightly pressing the seedling trays after horizontally putting the branches, and enabling the bottoms to fully absorb water to be loose, wherein the seedling trays and the seedling trays are closely and orderly arranged;
if the cutting seedlings are heart-shaped vegetables, dividing each branch into a plurality of cutting slips, cutting off at the nodes of the stems of the branches to facilitate rooting, wherein the length of each cutting slip is 6-8cm, and cutting after 2-3 leaves at the lower end are removed;
if the cutting seedling is red-back vegetable or rich vegetable, 3-4 leaves are reserved on the top bud cutting spike, and 2-3 leaves are reserved on the stem section cutting spike;
(5) Seedling management: during the seedling raising period, water is not required to be changed, watering is not required, and after the cuttage survival, 500 times of microbial inoculant and 500 times of polyglutamic acid type water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces every 7d-10d for 1-2 times; transplanting 15d-30d after cutting.
2. The method for raising seedlings of the float-type potherb by cutting according to claim 1, wherein the outline dimension of the floating seedling tray is 66cm multiplied by 34cm multiplied by 5cm, the number of holes is 17 multiplied by 8=136 holes, and the aperture is 3cm multiplied by 4.5cm.
3. The method for raising seedlings by cutting of the floating potherbs according to claim 1, wherein before the seedlings are rooted and survive, when the illumination intensity is strong and the temperature exceeds 28 ℃, a small arch shed is built to cover a sunshade net to shade and cool, so that the water in the cutting is prevented from evaporating too fast to wilt.
4. The method for raising seedlings by cutting of the float-type potherb according to claim 1, wherein if the cutting seedling is gynura bicolor, 600 times of liquid of 100 hundred million spores/ml of a short-staple bacillus suspending agent or 1500 times of liquid of 60 g/l of an ethyl spinosad suspending agent are sprayed to prevent and treat the harm of noctuid.
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