CN111528027A

CN111528027A - Planting method for improving disease resistance of vegetables

Info

Publication number: CN111528027A
Application number: CN202010168855.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄六林
Original assignee: Chongqing Ruiyuan Agricultural Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Ruiyuan Agricultural Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-12
Filing date: 2020-03-12
Publication date: 2020-08-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for improving disease resistance of vegetables. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables, which comprises the steps of variety selection of the vegetables, plug seedling, soil preparation and fertilization, transplanting and field planting, fertilization, watering, pest control and harvesting, wherein the whole planting process meets the planting requirements of green pollution-free vegetables, the yield of the vegetables is high, no pollution is caused, the contents of VC, soluble sugar and crude protein of the vegetables can be effectively improved, and the disease and pest resistance of the vegetables is strong.

Description

Planting method for improving disease resistance of vegetables

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of vegetable planting, in particular to a planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables.

Background

Along with the improvement of living standard of people, the requirements on vegetables without medicine residue are more strict, and green and pollution-free vegetables become the basic requirements of people on food. When farmers and friends plant vegetables, strict requirements on fertilization, pesticides and the like are required, and the safety of vegetable food is strived to be ensured. However, in the current vegetable planting, pesticide is applied once the diseases and insect pests appear, so that the harm is brought to the health of eaters, the environment is polluted, and the green and pollution-free quality of the vegetables cannot be guaranteed; the existing organic soil vegetable culture medium is simple in proportion, and the planted vegetables are lack of mineral elements, especially trace elements; furthermore, vegetable growth requires good flora and bacterial environment in addition to fertilizers and mineral elements. A large number of existing experiments show that the characteristics of the matrix are the restriction factors influencing the growth and quality of plants, and the different proportions of the matrix materials cause the difference in the root length, the leaf area, the dry matter quantity of the overground part and the underground part of the seedling, the chlorophyll content, the root activity, the ion absorption and the like.

Therefore, under the condition of strictly controlling the pesticide dosage, the improvement of the sterilization, deinsectization and disease prevention capabilities of vegetables becomes a new research direction, and various diseases of the vegetables need to be controlled, the balance of soil microorganisms and enzymes is adjusted, weeds are inhibited and eliminated, the soil organic matter conversion is improved, and the rapid balanced absorption of nutrients by crops and fruit trees is promoted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a planting method of green and pollution-free vegetables with strong disease resistance.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is that the planting method for improving the disease resistance of the vegetables comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting a vegetable variety with excellent quality, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong stress resistance and stable yield as seeds for standby application, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 8-10 h, then fishing out the soaked seeds, naturally air-drying surface moisture, uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds with turf, storing for standby application, and selecting seeds of stem vegetables, leaf vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables for rotation planting.

(2) Plug seedling: placing vegetable seeds into a plug tray for seedling cultivation, mixing turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 before placing the vegetable seeds into the plug tray to obtain matrix soil, adding organic fertilizer I for mixing, adding the matrix soil, the organic fertilizer I and water into the plug tray for seedling cultivation according to a mass ratio of 5:1: 2-40: 1:2, uniformly scattering the seeds into the plug tray, covering the matrix soil with 2-4 mm after sowing, and spraying seedling nutrient solution once every 3 days in the 1 week after the vegetable seedlings grow out, wherein the added organic fertilizer I is chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and turf is 1:1:1 or 1:1:2: 1: 1; in the 2 nd week, spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings every 5 days; and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings once every 7 days from the 3 rd week, and growing the seedlings to 2-12 cm for later use after 3-5 weeks of seedling culture.

(3) Land preparation and fertilization: selecting a land which is convenient to drain and is close to a water source, planting other varieties of vegetables in the previous planting period as a planting land, ploughing in winter in the previous year of planting the vegetables after selecting good, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm, soil is loosened after weathering, fertility is increased, deep ploughing is performed before transplanting, watering and grooving are performed after chicken manure is spread in the soil, the length of each groove is 3-5 m, the width of each groove is 0.4-1 m, a layer of crushed straw is covered in each planting groove, watering and drenching the straw, a layer of organic fertilizer II with the thickness of 3-7 cm is covered, a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm is covered after watering and drenching, and the mixture is fermented for 20-30 days for later use.

(4) Transplanting and field planting: and (4) transplanting the vegetable seedlings into the soil in the step (3), compacting the periphery of the vegetable seedlings by using the soil, and covering the unfilled grooves with an organic fertilizer II.

(5) Fertilizing and watering: composting is carried out by using an organic fertilizer II material, different fertilizing modes are adopted for applying the fertilizer according to the types and growth periods of different vegetables, and sufficient additional fertilizer is carried out on the vegetables in the growth period of the vegetables to ensure that the vegetables have sufficient fertilizer in the growth process; the water-saving management of vegetables and plants is enhanced by adopting a covering and soil moisture conservation and water-fertilizer coupling technology, in soil cultivation, reasonable cultivation measures are utilized, the natural rainfall utilization rate of soil is improved, the moisture content in the soil is further increased, the moisture evaporation of the soil is reduced, the water storage capacity of the soil is improved, and the water is watered once every 3 to 6 days.

(6) And (3) pest control: the method is characterized in that a pest killing lamp is arranged on the surface of a vegetable ground and matched with an attractant to eliminate insect pests, an electromagnetic radiation emitter is arranged in a planting area, electromagnetic radiation is adopted to kill pests for 2-4 hours at night, plant source pesticide liquid is sprayed once every week, the spraying amount is 10-20 g/plant every time, and prevention is mainly combined with prevention.

(7) And (6) harvesting vegetables.

Further, in the step (1), the stem vegetable is one of leek, celery, shepherd's purse, rape and water spinach, the melon and fruit vegetable is one of pumpkin, cucumber, balsam pear, white gourd, towel gourd, eggplant, tomato, cowpea and green pepper, and the leaf vegetable is one of shallot, pakchoi, cabbage, leaf lettuce and spinach.

Further, the organic fertilizer I added in the step (2) is chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and grass peat according to the mass part ratio of 1:1:3:1 or 1:1:2:1 or 1:1:1: 1.

Further, the organic fertilizer II in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 70-100 parts of stable manure, 10-20 parts of grass peat, 30-50 parts of wormcast, 6-10 parts of borax, 14-18 parts of bentonite and 3-6 parts of zinc gluconate.

Further, the straws in the step (3) comprise wheat straws, corn straws, sesame straws and soybean straws.

Further, in the step (6), the electromagnetic radiation for killing insects at night uses electron beams below 10MeV and X-rays below 5MeV, the insect killing lamp is a black light lamp, and the attractant is a pheromone sex attractant.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables, which comprises the steps of variety selection of the vegetables, plug seedling, soil preparation and fertilization, transplanting and field planting, fertilization, watering, pest control and harvesting, wherein the whole planting process meets the planting requirements of green pollution-free vegetables, the yield of the vegetables is high, no pollution is caused, the contents of VC, soluble sugar and crude protein of the vegetables can be effectively improved, and the disease and pest resistance of the vegetables is strong.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

The first embodiment is as follows:

a planting method for improving disease resistance of vegetables comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting a vegetable variety with good quality, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong stress resistance and stable yield as seeds for standby application, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35 ℃ for 8h, then fishing out the soaked seeds, naturally drying the surface moisture in the air, uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds with turf, storing for standby application, and selecting seeds of stem vegetables, leaf vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables for rotation planting.

(2) Plug seedling: placing vegetable seeds into a plug tray for seedling cultivation, mixing turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 before placing the vegetable seeds into the plug tray to obtain matrix soil, adding an organic fertilizer I for mixing, adding the matrix soil, the organic fertilizer I and water according to a mass ratio of 5:1:2 into the plug tray for seedling cultivation, uniformly sowing the seeds in the plug tray, covering 2mm of matrix soil after sowing, and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings every 3 days in 1 week after the vegetable seedlings grow out; in the 2 nd week, spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings every 5 days; and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings once every 7 days from the 3 rd week, and growing the seedlings to 2cm for later use after 3-5 weeks of seedling culture.

(3) Land preparation and fertilization: selecting a land which is convenient to irrigate and close to a water source, planting other varieties of vegetables in the previous planting period as a planting land, ploughing in winter in the previous year of planting the vegetables after selecting good, wherein the ploughing depth is 20cm, soil is loosened after weathering, fertility is increased, deep ploughing is performed before transplanting, chicken manure is spread in the soil, watering and grooving are performed, the length of each groove is 3m, the width of each groove is 0.4m, a layer of crushed straw covers the planting grooves, and the straw comprises wheat straw, corn straw, sesame straw and soybean straw. And (3) sprinkling water to wet the straws, covering a layer of organic fertilizer II with the thickness of 3cm, covering 5cm of nutrient soil after sprinkling water to wet, and fermenting for 20 days for later use.

(4) Transplanting and field planting: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into the soil in the step (3), compacting the soil around the vegetable seedlings, and covering the unfilled grooves with an organic fertilizer II, wherein the organic fertilizer II comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 70 parts of stable manure, 10 parts of grass peat, 30 parts of wormcast, 6 parts of borax, 14 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of zinc gluconate.

(5) Fertilizing and watering: composting is carried out by using an organic fertilizer II material, different fertilizing modes are adopted for applying the fertilizer according to the types and growth periods of different vegetables, and sufficient additional fertilizer is carried out on the vegetables in the growth period of the vegetables to ensure that the vegetables have sufficient fertilizer in the growth process; the water-saving management of vegetables and plants is enhanced by adopting a covering and soil moisture conservation and water-fertilizer coupling technology, in soil cultivation, reasonable cultivation measures are utilized, the natural rainfall utilization rate of soil is improved, the moisture content in the soil is further increased, the moisture evaporation of the soil is reduced, the water storage capacity of the soil is improved, and the water is watered once every 3 days.

(6) And (3) pest control: the method is characterized in that a pest killing lamp is arranged on the surface of a vegetable ground to be matched with an attractant to eliminate insect pests, an electromagnetic radiation emitter is arranged in a planting area to kill pests for 2 hours by adopting electromagnetic radiation at night, plant source pesticide liquid is sprayed once every week, the spraying amount is 10 g/plant every time, and prevention is mainly combined with prevention.

(7) And (6) harvesting vegetables.

Example two:

(1) variety selection: selecting a vegetable variety with good quality, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong stress resistance and stable yield as seeds for standby application, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 9h, then fishing out the soaked seeds, naturally drying the surface moisture in the air, uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds with turf, storing for standby application, and selecting seeds of stem vegetables, leaf vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables for rotation planting.

(2) Plug seedling: placing vegetable seeds into a plug tray for seedling cultivation, mixing turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 before placing the vegetable seeds into the plug tray to obtain matrix soil, adding an organic fertilizer I for mixing, adding the matrix soil, the organic fertilizer I and water according to a mass ratio of 25:1:2 into the plug tray for seedling cultivation, uniformly sowing the seeds in the plug tray, covering matrix soil with 2-4 mm after sowing, and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings once every 3 days in the 1 week after the vegetable seedlings grow out; in the 2 nd week, spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings every 5 days; and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings once every 7 days from the 3 rd week, and growing the seedlings to 7cm for later use after 3-5 weeks of seedling culture.

(3) Land preparation and fertilization: selecting a land which is convenient to irrigate and close to a water source, planting other varieties of vegetables in the previous planting period as a planting land, ploughing in winter in the previous year of planting the vegetables after selecting good, wherein the ploughing depth is 25cm, soil is loosened after weathering, fertility is increased, deep ploughing is performed before transplanting, chicken manure is spread in the soil, watering and grooving are performed, the length of each groove is 4m, the width of each groove is 0.8m, a layer of crushed straw covers the planting grooves, and the straw comprises wheat straw, corn straw, sesame straw and soybean straw. And (3) sprinkling water to wet the straws, covering a layer of organic fertilizer II with the thickness of 5cm, covering nutrient soil with the thickness of 7cm after sprinkling water to wet, and fermenting for 25 days for later use.

(4) Transplanting and field planting: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into the soil in the step (3), compacting the soil around the vegetable seedlings, and covering the unfilled grooves with an organic fertilizer II, wherein the organic fertilizer II comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 85 parts of stable manure, 15 parts of grass peat, 40 parts of wormcast, 8 parts of borax, 16 parts of bentonite and 5 parts of zinc gluconate.

(5) Fertilizing and watering: composting is carried out by using an organic fertilizer II material, different fertilizing modes are adopted for applying the fertilizer according to the types and growth periods of different vegetables, and sufficient additional fertilizer is carried out on the vegetables in the growth period of the vegetables to ensure that the vegetables have sufficient fertilizer in the growth process; the water-saving management of vegetables and plants is enhanced by adopting a covering and soil moisture conservation and water-fertilizer coupling technology, in soil cultivation, reasonable cultivation measures are utilized, the natural rainfall utilization rate of soil is improved, the moisture content in the soil is further increased, the moisture evaporation of the soil is reduced, the water storage capacity of the soil is improved, and the water is watered once every 4 days.

(6) And (3) pest control: the method is characterized in that a pest killing lamp is arranged on the surface of a vegetable ground to be matched with an attractant to eliminate insect pests, an electromagnetic radiation emitter is arranged in a planting area to kill pests for 3 hours by adopting electromagnetic radiation at night, plant source pesticide liquid is sprayed once every week, the spraying amount is 15 g/plant every time, and prevention is mainly combined with prevention.

(7) And (6) harvesting vegetables.

Example three:

(1) variety selection: selecting a vegetable variety with good quality, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong stress resistance and stable yield as seeds for standby application, soaking the seeds in warm water at 45 ℃ for 10h, then fishing out the soaked seeds, naturally drying the surface moisture in the air, uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds with turf, storing for standby application, and selecting seeds of stem vegetables, leaf vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables for rotation planting.

(2) Plug seedling: placing vegetable seeds into a plug tray for seedling cultivation, mixing turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 before placing the vegetable seeds into the plug tray to obtain matrix soil, adding an organic fertilizer I for mixing, adding the matrix soil, the organic fertilizer I and water according to a mass ratio of 40:1:2 into the plug tray for seedling cultivation, uniformly sowing the seeds in the plug tray, covering 4mm of matrix soil after sowing, and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings every 3 days in 1 week after the vegetable seedlings grow out; in the 2 nd week, spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings every 5 days; and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings once every 7 days from the 3 rd week, and after 3-5 weeks of seedling culture, growing the seedlings to 12cm for later use.

(3) Land preparation and fertilization: selecting a land which is convenient to irrigate and close to a water source, planting other varieties of vegetables in the previous planting period as a planting land, ploughing in winter in the previous year of planting the vegetables after selecting good, wherein the ploughing depth is 30cm, soil is loosened after weathering, fertility is increased, deep ploughing is performed before transplanting, chicken manure is spread in the soil, watering and grooving are performed, the length of each groove is 5m, the width of each groove is 1m, a layer of crushed straw is covered in each planting groove, and the straw comprises wheat straw, corn straw, sesame straw and soybean straw. And (3) sprinkling water to wet the straws, covering a layer of organic fertilizer II with the thickness of 7cm, covering 10cm of nutrient soil after sprinkling water to wet, and fermenting for 30 days for later use.

(4) Transplanting and field planting: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into the soil in the step (3), compacting the soil around the vegetable seedlings, and covering the unfilled trenches with an organic fertilizer II, wherein the organic fertilizer II comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 100 parts of stable manure, 20 parts of grass peat, 50 parts of wormcast, 10 parts of borax, 18 parts of bentonite and 6 parts of zinc gluconate.

(5) Fertilizing and watering: composting is carried out by using an organic fertilizer II material, different fertilizing modes are adopted for applying the fertilizer according to the types and growth periods of different vegetables, and sufficient additional fertilizer is carried out on the vegetables in the growth period of the vegetables to ensure that the vegetables have sufficient fertilizer in the growth process; the water-saving management of vegetables and plants is enhanced by adopting a covering and soil moisture conservation and water-fertilizer coupling technology, in soil cultivation, reasonable cultivation measures are utilized, the natural rainfall utilization rate of soil is improved, the moisture content in the soil is further increased, the moisture evaporation of the soil is reduced, the water storage capacity of the soil is improved, and the water is watered once every 6 days.

(6) And (3) pest control: the method is characterized in that a pest killing lamp is arranged on the surface of a vegetable ground to be matched with an attractant to eliminate insect pests, an electromagnetic radiation emitter is arranged in a planting area, the vegetables are subjected to pest killing for 4 hours by adopting electromagnetic radiation at night, plant source pest killing liquid medicine is sprayed once every week, the spraying amount is 20 g/plant every time, and prevention is mainly combined with prevention.

(7) And (6) harvesting vegetables.

In the above embodiments, the stem vegetable is one of leek, celery, shepherdspurse herb, rape and water spinach, the melon and fruit vegetable is one of pumpkin, cucumber, balsam pear, white gourd, towel gourd, eggplant, tomato, cowpea and green pepper, and the leaf vegetable is one of shallot, pakchoi, cabbage, leaf lettuce and spinach.

The electromagnetic radiation used for killing insects at night uses electron beams below 10MeV and X rays below 5MeV, the insect killing lamp is a black light lamp, and the attractant is a pheromone sex attractant.

The second embodiment is the best embodiment.

When the planting land is selected, the land with high underground water level and water stain cannot be selected, but the vegetable is a crop which needs water and cannot contain too much water, so the soil which is convenient to drain and close to a water source is selected as the planting land. Meanwhile, other varieties of vegetables are required to be planted in the previous planting period to serve as planting lands, because the same crops are continuously planted on the same land, the same nutrients are consumed, the same plant diseases and insect pests exist, particularly, organic acid and other harmful substances secreted by roots are accumulated, the soil fertility is reduced, other trace elements are lack, the growth and development of the vegetables are abnormal, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, the yield is sharply reduced, and the quality is reduced.

The soil is ploughed in winter in the previous year of planting vegetables, and pathogens and early sources are eliminated through winter freezing, so that a good foundation is laid for planting in the next year.

The application of crop straw in soil is used for regulating and controlling the soil fertility of vegetable greenhouse, especially for reducing NO in soil₃-effective measure of the N content. The following table shows NO in soil at different straw application rates for different depths of soil₃-variation in the content of N:

TABLE 1 vegetable field soil based on straw application, NO 20 days after application₃Content of-N

Depth of soil layer (cm)	Amount of straw application (kg/hm)²)	NO₃N content (kg/hm)²)
			0～10	8000～12000	309.34
10～20	8000～12000	361.79
			20～30	8000～12000	412.75
0～10	12000～20000	279.30
			10～20	12000～20000	255.65
20～30	12000～20000	198.42

As is apparent from the Table I, NO in the soil was observed after application of straw thereto₃The content of-N is obviously reduced.

Inorganic substances are added in plug seedling, turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 to obtain matrix soil, and the inorganic substances not only contain a certain amount of major elements, but also contain a certain amount of trace elements, but also cannot meet the requirements of seedling growth of most vegetables. Therefore, in formulating the plug matrix, it is hard to consider adding a certain amount of organic elements. Because the delicate nutrition area of each plant of plug seedling is small, the base quality is low, if the nutrition is too low, the growth of seedlings is influenced, but if too much fertilizer is applied, the nutrient concentration in the base is increased, and salt obstacle and the like are easily generated.

After being mixed, the chicken manure, the pig manure, the cow manure and the grass peat are used as the organic fertilizer I, so that the content of VC, soluble sugar and crude protein of the vegetables can be effectively improved.

After organic fertilizer I with different proportions is added into the surface-two matrix soil, the nutrient content of the matrix is changed

The prepared matrix contains a certain amount of fertilizer and a certain amount of water, and the sowing quality is affected by over-drying or over-wetting of the matrix.

From the second table, the content of the phosphate fertilizer is continuously increased with the increase of the added organic fertilizer, the content of the potassium fertilizer is reduced at 30:1 and increased at 20:1 after the increase of the potassium fertilizer, and the content of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced and increased with the increase of the added organic fertilizer at 20:1 after the decrease of the nitrogen fertilizer.

Wormcast is added into the organic fertilizer II, contains about 70% of protein, is rich in organic matters, humic acid and microbial flora, can effectively dry the physical properties of mountain soil, enables clay to be conveyed and sandy soil to be condensed, can promote the air circulation of the soil, accelerates the propagation of microorganisms, is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients by plants, can enhance the water retention and fertilizer retention, can absorb basic components to play an exchange role, and prevents the harm caused by the use of excessive chemical fertilizers. Can also decompose the mineral substances in the soil for the plants to utilize, has no harm to the plants, people and livestock, and increases the resistance of the plants to plant diseases and insect pests.

The insect pest is eliminated by matching the insect killing lamp with the attractant, the electromagnetic radiation emitter is arranged in the planting area, the electromagnetic radiation is adopted for killing insects at night, a physical insect killing method is all practical, the use of insect-resistant pesticides is effectively reduced, and the green pollution-free quality of vegetables is ensured. The physical disinsection method has the advantages of good disinsection effect, no residue, no limitation in temperature, packaging condition and the like, easy control, high processing efficiency, low processing cost and the like.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for improving disease resistance of vegetables is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

(1) variety selection: selecting a vegetable variety with excellent quality, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong stress resistance and stable yield as seeds for standby application, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 8-10 h, then fishing out the soaked seeds, naturally drying the surface moisture in the air, uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds with turf, storing for standby application, and selecting seeds of stem vegetables, leaf vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables for rotation planting;

(2) plug seedling: placing vegetable seeds into a plug tray for seedling cultivation, mixing turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 before placing the vegetable seeds into the plug tray to obtain matrix soil, adding an organic fertilizer I for mixing, adding the matrix soil, the organic fertilizer I and water according to a mass ratio of 5:1: 2-40: 1:2 into the plug tray for seedling cultivation, uniformly sowing the seeds in the plug tray, covering matrix soil with 2-4 mm after sowing, and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings every 3 days in 1 week after the vegetable seedlings grow out; in the 2 nd week, spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings every 5 days; spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings once every 7 days from the 3 rd week, and growing the seedlings to 2-12 cm for later use after 3-5 weeks of seedling culture;

(3) land preparation and fertilization: selecting a land which is convenient to drain and is close to a water source, planting other varieties of vegetables in the previous planting period as a planting land, ploughing in winter in the previous year of planting the vegetables after good selection, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm, soil is loosened after weathering, fertility is increased, deep ploughing is performed before transplanting, chicken manure is spread in the soil, watering and grooving are performed, the length of each groove is 3-5 m, the width of each groove is 0.4-1 m, a layer of crushed straw is covered in each planting groove, watering and drenching the straw, a layer of organic fertilizer II with the thickness of 3-7 cm is covered, a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm is covered after watering and drenching, and the mixture is fermented for 20-30 days for later use;

(4) transplanting and field planting: transplanting the vegetable seedlings into the soil in the step (3), compacting the periphery of the vegetable seedlings by using the soil, and covering the unfilled grooves with an organic fertilizer II;

(5) fertilizing and watering: composting is carried out by using an organic fertilizer II material, different fertilizing modes are adopted for applying the fertilizer according to the types and growth periods of different vegetables, and sufficient additional fertilizer is carried out on the vegetables in the growth period of the vegetables to ensure that the vegetables have sufficient fertilizer in the growth process; the water-saving management of vegetables and plants is enhanced by adopting a covering and soil moisture conservation and water-fertilizer coupling technology, in soil cultivation, reasonable cultivation measures are utilized, the natural rainfall utilization rate of soil is improved, the guarantee of the water content in the soil is further increased, the water evaporation of the soil is reduced, the water storage capacity of the soil is improved, and the water is watered once every 3 to 6 days;

(6) and (3) pest control: arranging an insect killing lamp on the surface of a vegetable to be matched with an attractant to eliminate insect pests, arranging an electromagnetic radiation emitter in a planting area, killing insects for 2-4 hours by adopting electromagnetic radiation at night, spraying plant source insect killing liquid medicine once every week, wherein the spraying amount is 10-20 g per plant every time, and the prevention is mainly combined with the prevention;

(7) and (6) harvesting vegetables.

2. The planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the stem vegetable is one of leek, celery, shepherdspurse herb, rape and water spinach, the melon and fruit vegetable is one of pumpkin, cucumber, balsam pear, white gourd, towel gourd, eggplant, tomato, cowpea and green pepper, and the leaf vegetable is one of shallot, pakchoi, cabbage, leaf lettuce and spinach.

3. The planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer I added in the step (2) is chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure and grass peat in a mass ratio of 1:1:3:1 or 1:1:2:1 or 1:1: 1.

4. The planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer II in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 70-100 parts of animal manure, 10-20 parts of grass peat, 30-50 parts of wormcast, 6-10 parts of borax, 14-18 parts of bentonite and 3-6 parts of zinc gluconate.

5. The planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the straws in the step (3) comprise wheat straws, corn straws, sesame straws and soybean straws.

6. The planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the electromagnetic radiation for killing insects at night uses an electron beam of 10MeV or less and an X-ray of 5MeV or less.

7. The planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the insecticidal lamp is a black light lamp.

8. The planting method for improving the disease resistance of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the attractant is a pheromone sex attractant.