CN104604409A - Fertilizing method for rapidly improving fertility of mine reclaimed soil - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for rapidly improving fertility of mine reclaimed soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for rapidly improving fertility of mine reclaimed soil. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: 1. flattening earth; 2. collecting a soil sample; 3. determining basic nutrients; 4. dividing fertility grades; 5. applying zoning of organic fertilizer according to the grading situation of soil organic matters; 6. application of inorganic fertilizer in spring: applying 10-20kg of N, 5-20kg of P2O5 and 5-15kg of K2O elemental fertilizer or comparable-nutrient compound fertilizer according to the nutrient demand rule of plants and the testing results of soil basic nutrients; and 7. applying green manure dressing. The fertilizing method has the following beneficial effects that: 1. the defect that the large nutrient space variation of the mine reclaimed soil is large can be overcome, and the rapid and uniform fertilizing effect can be achieved; 2. an organic fertilizer and ferric suflite and humic acid are fully mixed and applied into soil, so that the physical character of the soil can be effectively improved; and 3. organic, inorganic and biophase are combined, quick-acting and sustained-acting effects are combined, thus being complementary in each advantages, and achieving the effect of rapidly fertilizing the soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to land reclamation in mining area technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility.
Background technology
China's subsidence land in coal mining area area 9,500,000 mu, hillock takes up an area 1,000,000 mu, and opencut destroys 1,125 ten thousand mu, soil.(" Chinese land resources report " 2007.7.27,1 edition).No matter be that Subsidence Area or opencut destroy soil, in the process of reclaiming, general all to carry out the engineerings such as soil filling, smooth, earthing, soil after reclaiming has completely lost the essential characteristic in original farmland, topsoil major part is the immature soil, therefore the feature that Reclaimed Soil has soil physical property difference, nutrient is barren, biologically active is poor, nutrients is large, causes that plant growth is uneven, crop yield is low.
Fertilising improves the most important measure of Reclaimed Soil productivity fast.Measures of fertilizer mainly comprises application of organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer and green manuring etc.Application of organic fertilizers can improve the content of organic matter in soil fast, makes the factor such as plow layer Li Shui, fertilizer, gas, heat, bacterium obtain the coordinating and unifying, vegetable soil, culture fertility.Chemical fertilizer can improve the nutrient content in soil fast, makes up nutrient deficiency and nutrient imbalance in soil.Fertilizer and chemical fertilizer compounding application, can maximize favourable factors and minimize unfavourable ones, and soil fertilities is more remarkable.Nitrogen in plantation leguminous green manure energy fixed air, and the soil organic matter can be increased in large quantities, improve soil structure, increase soil fertility; Green manure can increase fresh organic substance simultaneously, and microorganism is bred rapidly, and movable enhancing, promotes the formation of humus, the validation of nutrient, accelerates soil-ripening.Three kinds of measures of fertilizer should carry out reasonable disposition according to soil actual conditions, and formulate corresponding fertilizer applications.
Soil after reclaiming, because topsoil fertility differs greatly, therefore when formulating improvement of soil fertility scheme, needs to carry out collecting soil sample and analytical test.When gathering soil specimen, because soil fertility difference is too large, traditional " S " or " diagonal " method is difficult to the actual conditions of reflect soil nutrient, therefore needs to adopt gridding method sampling, guarantees the representativeness of soil specimen.
Because the fertility of Reclaimed Soil differs greatly, the soil organic matter shows great Spatial Difference, and when therefore formulating improvement of soil fertility scheme, should reduce fertilising region, different regions adopts different recommended fertilizers, overcomes the drawback of traditional fertilization recommendation method.
Technology about Reclaimed Soil Study on Fertilizing is reported less at present.Domestic patent " a kind of newlyexploited land improvement of soil fertility restorative procedure " (CN 103125250 B), it is characterized in that utilizing the technology such as deep ploughing soil, planting plants, straw-returning, adopt the cropping pattern of sugared Chinese sorghum+perennial ryegrass, carry out annual two batches of plantations, plant corpus is field also, fertilizing soil, and carry out 3 years continuously.Patent " a kind of lean soil farming area in Zuogong method " (CN 103392437 A), discloses a kind of lean soil farming area in Zuogong method, said method comprising the steps of: crushed stalk stayed on soil; Apply stalk microbe decomposing microbial inoculum; Urea is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface; Weathered coal or ardealite is spread fertilizer over the fields in soil.Patent " a kind of method of consolidation regional soil Study on Fertilizing " (CN 103947325 A), disclose a kind of Study on Fertilizing method of new arrangement soil, comprise native face and arrange, implement soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, heavy dressing farmyard manure, plant and turn over leguminous green manure, improve fertilizer top dressing ratio and number of times, interpolation biologic product.Above-mentioned patent have employed various measures for building, but does not take into full account the Spatial Difference of topsoil fertility, and collecting soil sample and fertilizing systems do not consider Spatial Variability, there is certain deficiency.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention is directed to above-mentioned prior art Problems existing and make improvement, namely the invention discloses a kind of fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility.It can improve soil physical and chemical property at short notice, increases soil fertility, improves biological activity of soil.
Technical scheme: a kind of fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility, comprises the following steps:
(1), land readjustment: carry out smooth to the soil after Engineering Reclamation;
(2), soil sample is gathered: adopt grid multi-point sampling method to carry out the collection of soil specimen, sampling depth is 0 ~ 20cm;
(3), basic nutrient measures: carry out the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and determination of trace elements to the soil specimen that step (2) gathers;
(4), divide fertility degree: the electronic chart making the regional soil content of organic matter according to the soil organic matter measurement result of the soil specimen of each grid, according to there being the graded index of the soil organic matter classification carried out to soil and make area grade distribution map;
(5), according to the soil organic matter classification situation in step (4), carry out the fertilising of fertilizer subregion, different soil regions uses different amount of organic fertilizer, according to soil organic matter measurement result, soil is divided into five grades, the soil organic matter content of one-level soil is not less than 1.5%, the soil organic matter content of second grade soil is 1.2% ~ 1.49%, the soil organic matter content of three grades of soil is 0.8% ~ 1.19%, the soil organic matter content of level Four soil is 0.5 ~ 0.79%, and the soil organic matter content of Pyatyi soil is less than 0.5%;
(6), spring, inorganic fertilizer executed by base: according to long-term cropping nutrient requirement characteristics and foundation soil basis nutrient test result, use 10 ~ 20kg N, 5 ~ 20kg P for every mu
2o
5with 5 ~ 15kgK
2the chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O or etc. the composite fertilizer of nutrient;
(7), green manure green manuring: select a kind of leguminous green manure seed or the mixed seeding of two kinds of leguminous green manure seeds, its seed is dressed seed with rhizobium, rhizobium consumption is 15% ~ 20% of seed gross mass, before sowing, by leguminous green manure seed and the seed dressing of corresponding nitragin, nitragin consumption 0.5 ~ 1kg/ mu, leguminous green manure seed grow to full-bloom stage biomass maximum time or harvesting its edible part after, green manuring also field of being turned over.
A kind of preferred version as a kind of in the present invention fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility: the size of mesh opening in step (2) is (5 ~ 50) m × (5 ~ 50) m.
A kind of preferred version as a kind of in the present invention fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility: the trace element in step (3) comprises ferro element, manganese element, copper, Zn-ef ficiency, boron element and molybdenum element.
A kind of preferred version as a kind of in the present invention fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility: in step (4), the electronic chart of the region content of organic matter utilizes ArGIS Software on Drawing.
A kind of preferred version as a kind of in the present invention fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility: when regional soil is one-level soil in step (5), organic manure application rate is 500 ~ 1000kg/ mu, does not use modifying agent; When regional soil is second grade soil, organic manure application rate is 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 20 ~ 30kg/ mu, humic acid 100 ~ 200kg/ mu; When regional soil is three grades of soil, organic manure application rate is 1500 ~ 2000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 30 ~ 40kg/ mu, humic acid 200 ~ 300kg/ mu; When regional soil is level Four soil, organic manure application rate is 2000 ~ 3000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 40 ~ 60kg/ mu, humic acid 300 ~ 400kg/ mu; When regional soil is Pyatyi soil, organic manure application rate is 3000 ~ 4000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 60 ~ 80kg/ mu, humic acid 400 ~ 500kg/ mu.
Further, spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface after the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed and modifying agent fully being mixed during fertilising, with tractor soil deeptillage 30 ~ 40cm, by rake a kind of farm tools, soil is fully mixed with fertilizer and modifying agent.
A kind of preferred version as a kind of in the present invention fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility: in step (7), leguminous green manure seed comprises butch clover seed, Vicia sativa seed, common vetch seed and alfalfa seed.
A kind of preferred version as a kind of in the present invention fertilizing method of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility: adopt laser land leveling instrument to carry out smooth to the soil after Engineering Reclamation in step (1)
Beneficial effect: the fertilizing method of a kind of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility of disclosure of the invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt grid to gather soil sample, the method for classification fertilising, overcomes the shortcoming that reclaimed minesoils nutrients is large, reaches accurate fertilising, the effect that Quick uniform is fostered and apply fertilizer;
(2) fertilizer and ferrous sulfate, is manured into soil after humus fully mixes, and effectively can improve soil physical property, overcomes the shortcoming of the hard physical arrangement difference of Subsided Reclamation Region soil, can be again microorganism and plant provides effective nutritive element;
(3) by autumn organic fertilizer and modifying agent, spring executes inorganic fertilizer and green manuring, be affixed by the mode of microbial bacterial agent, make organic and inorganic and biota combination, quick-acting and slow combines, have complementary advantages, reach thoroughly improve the soil water, fertilizer, its, heat, bacterium, the effect of Study on Fertilizing soil.
Embodiment:
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Specific embodiment 1
A fertilizing method for quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility, comprises the following steps:
(1), laser land leveling instrument is adopted to carry out smooth to the soil after Engineering Reclamation;
(2), adopt grid multi-point sampling method to carry out the collection of soil specimen, sampling depth is 0.5cm;
(3), basic nutrient measures: carry out the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and determination of trace elements to the soil specimen that step (2) gathers;
(4), divide fertility degree: the electronic chart making the regional soil content of organic matter according to the soil organic matter measurement result of the soil specimen of each grid, according to there being the graded index of the soil organic matter classification carried out to soil and make area grade distribution map;
(5), according to the soil organic matter classification situation in step (4), carry out the fertilising of fertilizer subregion, different soil regions uses different amount of organic fertilizer, according to soil organic matter measurement result, soil is divided into five grades, the soil organic matter content of one-level soil is not less than 1.5%, the soil organic matter content of second grade soil is 1.2% ~ 1.49%, the soil organic matter content of three grades of soil is 0.8% ~ 1.19%, the soil organic matter content of level Four soil is 0.5 ~ 0.79%, and the soil organic matter content of Pyatyi soil is less than 0.5%;
(6), spring, inorganic fertilizer executed by base: according to long-term cropping nutrient requirement characteristics and foundation soil basis nutrient test result, use 10 ~ 20kg N, 5 ~ 20kg P for every mu
2o
5with 5 ~ 15kgK
2the chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O or etc. the composite fertilizer of nutrient;
(7), green manure green manuring: select butch clover planting seed, its seed is dressed seed with rhizobium, rhizobium consumption is 15% of seed gross mass, before sowing, by leguminous green manure seed and the seed dressing of corresponding nitragin, nitragin consumption 0.5 ~ 1kg/ mu, leguminous green manure seed grow to full-bloom stage biomass maximum time or harvesting its edible part after, green manuring also field of being turned over.
In the present embodiment, the size of mesh opening in step (2) is 5m × 5m.Sizing grid depends on ground block size and soil variation degree.
In the present embodiment, the trace element in step (3) comprises ferro element, manganese element, copper, Zn-ef ficiency, boron element and molybdenum element.
In the present embodiment, in step (4), the electronic chart of the region content of organic matter utilizes ArGIS Software on Drawing.
In the present embodiment, when in step (5), regional soil is one-level soil, organic manure application rate is 500 ~ 1000kg/ mu, does not use modifying agent; When regional soil is second grade soil, organic manure application rate is 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 20 ~ 30kg/ mu, humic acid 100 ~ 200kg/ mu; When regional soil is three grades of soil, organic manure application rate is 1500 ~ 2000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 30 ~ 40kg/ mu, humic acid 200 ~ 300kg/ mu; When regional soil is level Four soil, organic manure application rate is 2000 ~ 3000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 40 ~ 60kg/ mu, humic acid 300 ~ 400kg/ mu; When regional soil is Pyatyi soil, organic manure application rate is 3000 ~ 4000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 60 ~ 80kg/ mu, humic acid 400 ~ 500kg/ mu.
Further, spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface after the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed and modifying agent fully being mixed during fertilising, with tractor soil deeptillage 30 ~ 40cm, by rake a kind of farm tools, soil is fully mixed with fertilizer and modifying agent.
Specific embodiment 2
Roughly the same with specific embodiment 1, difference is only:
In step (2), adopt grid (size of mesh opening is 50m × 50m) multi-point sampling method to carry out the collection of soil specimen, sampling depth is 20cm;
Common vetch seed and alfalfa seed mixed seeding is selected in step (7), its seed is dressed seed with rhizobium, rhizobium consumption is 20% of seed gross mass, before sowing, by common vetch seed and alfalfa seed and the seed dressing of corresponding nitragin, nitragin consumption 1kg/ mu, common vetch seed and alfalfa seed grow to full-bloom stage biomass maximum time or harvesting its edible part after, green manuring also field of being turned over.
Specific embodiment 3
Roughly the same with specific embodiment 1, difference is only:
In step (2), adopt grid (size of mesh opening is 25m × 25m) multi-point sampling method to carry out the collection of soil specimen, sampling depth is 10cm;
Vicia sativa seed and alfalfa seed mixed seeding is selected in step (7), Vicia sativa seed and alfalfa seed are dressed seed with rhizobium, rhizobium consumption is 18% of seed gross mass, before sowing, Vicia sativa seed, alfalfa seed and corresponding nitragin are dressed seed, nitragin consumption 0.8kg/ mu, Vicia sativa seed and alfalfa seed grow to full-bloom stage biomass maximum time or harvesting its edible part after, green manuring also field of being turned over.
Above embodiments of the present invention are elaborated.But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that art those of ordinary skill possesses, can also make a variety of changes under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.
Claims (8)
1. improve a fertilizing method for reclaimed minesoils fertility fast, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), carry out smooth to the soil after Engineering Reclamation;
(2), adopt grid multi-point sampling method to carry out the collection of soil specimen, sampling depth is 0 ~ 20cm;
(3), basic nutrient measures: carry out the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and determination of trace elements to the soil specimen that step (2) gathers;
(4), divide fertility degree: the electronic chart making the regional soil content of organic matter according to the soil organic matter measurement result of the soil specimen of each grid, according to there being the graded index of the soil organic matter classification carried out to soil and make area grade distribution map;
(5), according to the soil organic matter classification situation in step (4), carry out the fertilising of fertilizer subregion, different soil regions uses different amount of organic fertilizer, according to soil organic matter measurement result, soil is divided into five grades, the soil organic matter content of one-level soil is not less than 1.5%, the soil organic matter content of second grade soil is 1.2% ~ 1.49%, the soil organic matter content of three grades of soil is 0.8% ~ 1.19%, the soil organic matter content of level Four soil is 0.5 ~ 0.79%, and the soil organic matter content of Pyatyi soil is less than 0.5%;
(6), spring, inorganic fertilizer executed by base: according to long-term cropping nutrient requirement characteristics and foundation soil basis nutrient test result, use 10 ~ 20kg N, 5 ~ 20kg P for every mu
2o
5with 5 ~ 15kgK
2the chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O or etc. the composite fertilizer of nutrient;
(7), green manure green manuring: select a kind of leguminous green manure seed or the mixed seeding of two kinds of leguminous green manure seeds, dressed seed by its seed with rhizobium, rhizobium consumption is 15% ~ 20% of seed gross mass; Before sowing, by leguminous green manure seed and corresponding nitragin seed dressing, nitragin consumption 0.5 ~ 1kg/ mu, leguminous green manure seed grow to full-bloom stage biomass maximum time or harvesting its edible part after, green manuring also field of being turned over.
2. the fertilizing method of a kind of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the size of mesh opening in step (2) is (5 ~ 50) m × (5 ~ 50) m.
3. the fertilizing method of a kind of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the trace element in step (3) comprises ferro element, manganese element, copper, Zn-ef ficiency, boron element and molybdenum element.
4. the fertilizing method of a kind of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), the electronic chart of the region content of organic matter utilizes ArGIS Software on Drawing.
5. the fertilizing method of a kind of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when in step (5), regional soil is one-level soil, organic manure application rate is 500 ~ 1000kg/ mu, does not use modifying agent; When regional soil is second grade soil, organic manure application rate is 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 20 ~ 30kg/ mu, humic acid 100 ~ 200kg/ mu; When regional soil is three grades of soil, organic manure application rate is 1500 ~ 2000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 30 ~ 40kg/ mu, humic acid 200 ~ 300kg/ mu; When regional soil is level Four soil, organic manure application rate is 2000 ~ 3000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 40 ~ 60kg/ mu, humic acid 300 ~ 400kg/ mu; When regional soil is Pyatyi soil, organic manure application rate is 3000 ~ 4000kg/ mu, uses ferrous sulfate 60 ~ 80kg/ mu, humic acid 400 ~ 500kg/ mu.
6. the fertilizing method of a kind of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface after the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed and modifying agent fully being mixed during fertilising, with tractor soil deeptillage 30 ~ 40cm, by rake a kind of farm tools, soil is fully mixed with fertilizer and modifying agent.
7. the fertilizing method of a kind of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (7), leguminous green manure seed comprises butch clover seed, Vicia sativa seed, common vetch seed and alfalfa seed.
8. the fertilizing method of a kind of quick raising reclaimed minesoils fertility as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts laser land leveling instrument to carry out smooth to the soil after Engineering Reclamation in step (1).
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| CN105453747A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-06 | 重庆市农业环境监测站 | Soil grading method and soil improvement method |
| CN105493676A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-20 | 云南农业大学 | Mountainous area waste residential land reclamation method |
| CN105669331A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中煤平朔集团有限公司 | Mining area land repair agent and repair method |
| CN106489344A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-15 | 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院 | A kind of method that rhizobium melioti improves soil quality |
| CN107509406A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-26 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | A kind of quick method for improving abandoned location of industry and mining soil carbon sequestration capacity using |
| CN107743747A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-02 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Discarded gangue stacks the modification method of reclaiming in place |
| CN108377705A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-08-10 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | The returning to the field method of administration of organic rich water after potato starch processing separation juice extraction protein |
| CN108934261A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-07 | 中山市祥实水利建筑工程有限公司 | A kind of high standard farmland construction method |
| CN109526658A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-29 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of modification method of land reclamation in mining area matrix |
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| CN110972659A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 南京农业大学 | Weight-reducing synergistic fertilization method for matched application of green manure and compost |
| CN112640637A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Red-soil honey pomelo garden annual ecological interplanting green manure cultivation method |
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| CN105453747A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-06 | 重庆市农业环境监测站 | Soil grading method and soil improvement method |
| CN105493676A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-20 | 云南农业大学 | Mountainous area waste residential land reclamation method |
| CN105669331A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中煤平朔集团有限公司 | Mining area land repair agent and repair method |
| CN106489344A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-15 | 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院 | A kind of method that rhizobium melioti improves soil quality |
| CN107509406A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-26 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | A kind of quick method for improving abandoned location of industry and mining soil carbon sequestration capacity using |
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| CN108377705A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-08-10 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | The returning to the field method of administration of organic rich water after potato starch processing separation juice extraction protein |
| CN108934261A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-07 | 中山市祥实水利建筑工程有限公司 | A kind of high standard farmland construction method |
| CN109526658A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-29 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of modification method of land reclamation in mining area matrix |
| CN110249739A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 段家贵 | The soil body for improving newly-increased farmland water retention in soil builds method |
| CN110972659A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 南京农业大学 | Weight-reducing synergistic fertilization method for matched application of green manure and compost |
| CN112640637A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Red-soil honey pomelo garden annual ecological interplanting green manure cultivation method |
| CN115250669A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-01 | 四川农业大学 | Method for improving and restoring soil quality of waste farmland of building residues |
| CN115413443A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-02 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for restoring ecological function of reclaimed dry land |
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