CN105210773A - A kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method - Google Patents
A kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105210773A CN105210773A CN201510666775.7A CN201510666775A CN105210773A CN 105210773 A CN105210773 A CN 105210773A CN 201510666775 A CN201510666775 A CN 201510666775A CN 105210773 A CN105210773 A CN 105210773A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of biological recovery, relate to a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method.A kind of cold temperate regions provided by the invention gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method, comprise determine to recover border, whole, dig cave, landfill soil moved in improve the original, plant seedlings and plant seedlings after management six steps.The present invention can avoid cool temperate zone ecologically fragile areas gold dust abandoned mine land only by the clear-cutting forestland time very long, cause reversal evolvement problem, provide a kind of gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method for cold temperate regions, can soon quick-recovery vegetation, improve the ecological environment, and plant percent can reach 98%; The activity of the inventive method enforcement ecological recovery can be used to be developed to Chinese greenhouse gases and to reduce discharging project voluntarily, obtain economic compensation by carbon transaction, reach ecology and economy society sustainable and harmonious development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of biological recovery, be specifically related to a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method.
Background technology
China cold temperate regions abounds with gold dust, and Gold Deposit Types is riverbed type alluvial gold ore deposit, type alluvial gold ore deposit, river shoal, valley pattern alluvial gold ore deposit, type alluvial gold ore deposit, terrace mainly, is distributed on cool temperate zone wetland.Sand gold mining is that significant contribution has been made in national economic construction and social development, but owing to only focusing on the economic benefit of sand gold mining in the past, ignore the destruction to ecotope and whole society benefit, the heavy damage initial land form landforms such as riverine wetland, thick grass Marsh Wetland and shrubbery Marsh Wetland, form large area gold dust abandoned mine land, be found everywhere Mao Sha hilllock, hair sandpit, tailing heap, upper soll layer destroys serious, large scale soil runs off, become barren land, ecosystem environment severe exacerbation, original ecological functions are lost.Especially the gold dust abandoned mine land ecology of cold temperate regions is extremely fragile, and vegetation is difficult to recover, and only needs the year up to a hundred by clear-cutting forestland.For recovering abandoned mine ecotope, promote ecnomics and enviroment coordinated development, abandoned mine land ecological recovery becomes urgent problem.
It is large that cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land artificial ecology recovers difficulty, main cause has two: one to be because existing recovering method is not suitable for cold temperate regions actual conditions, the plant species of ecological recovery of being used for being mainly manifested in selection mostly is denizen, and be main mainly with shrub and herbaceous plant, be not suitable with local climate and land occupation condition, ecological recovery effect is bad; Two is that local financial resources are not enough because the investment of gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery is higher, needs to drop into huge fund financial resources, ecological recovery is carried out in shortage of capital input situation, local government or business burden weigh, pressure is large, if do not have economic compensation income, are difficult to from going for ecological recovery project.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1, determine recover border:
Determine to recover border to the gold dust abandoned mine land that will carry out ecological recovery, measure the flex point coordinate of the qualified boundary of land block in soil;
Step 2, whole:
To determine recover border plot in already present natural vegetation protect, do not remove surface litter, do not remove tree root, dead and drying tree and logging slash, only to ridge, taller and bigger precipitous ore deposit, dam and water and soil on gold dust abandoned mine land wash away the plot such as the gully carry out height dig low fill out near-nature forest landform arrange, reach can soil moved in improve the original plant trees basic condition;
Step 3, dig cave:
Adopt rectangle or square configuration, cave is apart from 2 × 2m or 2 × 2.5m; According to the cave-shaped mode of circle, excavation seedling growth cave, footpath, cave and cave are 30-40cm deeply;
Step 4, landfill soil moved in improve the original:
Plant plant hole landfill soil moved in improve the original, soil moved in improve the original is one or more in the soil such as brown coniferous forest soil, grey coniferous forest Soil, dark brown earth;
Step 5, to plant seedlings:
According to matching species with the site principle, the arbor species of one's native land grown under selecting to be suitable for cold temperate regions arid land occupation condition, seedling growth, according to every cave one strain, accomplishes that the depth is suitable, steady and sure soil; As soil drought when planting seedlings, should water in time;
Step 6, plant seedlings after management:
Carry out watering according to actual conditions after planting seedlings in good time, loosen the soil, the tending management such as weeding, and record the when and where of each operational and managerial activity.
Feature of the present invention is also, the arbor species of one's native land in step 5 can be one or more in Dahurian larch, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, aspen, white birch.
Feature of the present invention is also, the nursery stock in described step 5 is container seedling, bareroot seedling, band soil stick together in seedling one or more.
Feature of the present invention is also, the nursery stock seedling age in step 5 is life in 2 years to 5 years.
Feature of the present invention is also, the season of planting seedlings in step 5 is spring, summer or autumn.
Feature of the present invention is also, the arbor species in step 5 are preferably pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and nursery stock specification is I, II level 3 years or life in 4 years, and container seedling, the season of planting seedlings is autumn.
Feature of the present invention is also, determines that recovering border must adopt following method to determine: utilize GPS, the flex point coordinate of direct mensuration project boundary of land block, stand-alone position error is no more than 5m in step 1.
The advantage that the present invention has and good effect are:
The present invention can avoid cool temperate zone ecologically fragile areas gold dust abandoned mine land only by the clear-cutting forestland time very long, cause reversal evolvement problem, provide a kind of gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method for cold temperate regions, can soon quick-recovery vegetation, improve the ecological environment, and plant percent can reach 98%; The activity of the inventive method enforcement ecological recovery can be used to be developed to Chinese greenhouse gases and to reduce discharging project voluntarily, obtain economic compensation by carbon transaction, reach ecology and economy society sustainable and harmonious development.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a kind of cold temperate regions of embodiment of the present invention gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the realization flow of a kind of cold temperate regions of embodiment of the present invention gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method.As shown in Figure 1, a kind of cold temperate regions of embodiment of the present invention gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method comprise determine to recover border, whole, dig cave, landfill soil moved in improve the original, plant seedlings and plant seedlings after management six steps.
Needed to determine soil qualification: the abandoned mine land formed after sand gold mining before carrying out a kind of cold temperate regions of the present invention gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method, allocation of landownership and land use right should be clear, without dispute.Gold dust abandoned mine land does not have vegetation substantially, the soil that genus can not utilize (agriculture, woods, herd), and non-warp is manually renovated, and is difficult to realize ecological recovery by power of nature; Or through regulation for soil can be utilized, but do not take Ecological Restoration Measure;
A kind of cold temperate regions of embodiment of the present invention gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method specifically carries out in the following manner:
Step 1, determine recover border:
Determine to recover border to the gold dust abandoned mine land that will carry out ecological recovery, measure the flex point coordinate of the qualified boundary of land block in soil;
Step 2, whole:
To determine recover border plot in already present natural vegetation protect, do not remove surface litter, do not remove tree root, dead and drying tree and logging slash, only to ridge, taller and bigger precipitous ore deposit, dam and water and soil on gold dust abandoned mine land wash away the plot such as the gully carry out height dig low fill out near-nature forest landform arrange, reach can soil moved in improve the original plant trees basic condition;
Step 3, dig cave:
Adopt rectangle or square configuration, cave is apart from 2 × 2m or 2 × 2.5m; According to the cave-shaped mode of circle, excavation seedling growth cave, footpath, cave and cave are 30-40cm deeply;
Step 4, landfill soil moved in improve the original:
Plant plant hole landfill soil moved in improve the original, soil moved in improve the original is one or more in the soil such as brown coniferous forest soil, grey coniferous forest Soil, dark brown earth, but soil moved in improve the original can not be the histosol such as swamp soil, meadow chernozemic soil;
Step 5, to plant seedlings:
According to matching species with the site principle, the arbor species of one's native land grown under selecting to be suitable for cold temperate regions arid land occupation condition, seedling growth, according to every cave one strain, accomplishes that the depth is suitable, steady and sure soil; As soil drought when planting seedlings, should water in time;
Step 6, plant seedlings after management:
Carry out watering according to actual conditions after planting seedlings in good time, loosen the soil, the tending management such as weeding, and record the when and where of each operational and managerial activity.
As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, the arbor species of one's native land in step 5 can be one or more in Dahurian larch (Larixgmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen.), pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolicaLitv.), aspen (PopulusdavidianaDode), white birch (BetulanlatvnhvllaSuk.).
As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, the nursery stock in described step 5 is container seedling, bareroot seedling, band soil stick together in seedling one or more.
As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, the nursery stock seedling age in step 5 is life in 2 years to 5 years.
As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, the season of planting seedlings in step 5 is spring, summer or autumn.
As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, the arbor species in step 5 are preferably pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and nursery stock specification is I, II level 3 years or life in 4 years, and container seedling, the season of planting seedlings is autumn.
As a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, determine in step 1 that recovering border must adopt following method to determine: utilize GPS, the flex point coordinate of direct mensuration project boundary of land block, stand-alone position error is no more than 5m.
The present invention can avoid cool temperate zone ecologically fragile areas gold dust abandoned mine land only by the clear-cutting forestland time very long, cause reversal evolvement problem, provide a kind of gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method for cold temperate regions, can soon quick-recovery vegetation, improve the ecological environment, and plant percent can reach 98%, ecology and economy society sustainable and harmonious development can be reached.
Huma, embodiment 1 the Greater Hinggan Mountains in Heilongjiang gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery
This gold dust abandoned mine land, for being banded, has ridge shape to rise and fall, and matrix is based on large chad, and seldom, plant is difficult to grow for fine grained and soil constituent.Through investigate this gold dust abandoned mine land be local State Forestry Administration, P.R. China own, allocation of landownership and land use right is clear, without dispute.On slash just at low-lying place, the good location of moisture condition sporadicly distributes the pioneer herbaceous plant such as willow herb, wormwood, multitude, false spiraea, hieracioides of intrinsic remediation, substantially vegetation is not had, the soil that genus can not utilize (agriculture, woods, herd), non-warp is manually renovated, and is difficult to realize ecological recovery by power of nature.
Concrete operation step is as follows:
Step 1, determine recover border:
To this gold dust abandoned mine land, utilize GPS (GPS) directly to measure the flex point coordinate of boundary of land block, stand-alone position error precision is less than 3m, determines to recover border, delineation area 2 hectares;
Step 2, whole:
To determine recover border 2 hectares of plot in already present natural vegetation protect, do not remove surface litter, do not remove tree root, dead and drying tree and logging slash, carry out height to ridge, taller and bigger precipitous ore deposit on gold dust abandoned mine land to dig low near-nature forest landform of filling out and simply arrange, reaching can the soil moved in improve the original basic condition of planting trees;
Step 3, dig cave:
Adopt square configuration, cave is apart from 2 × 2m; Adopt circular cave-shaped excavation seedling growth cave, footpath, cave is 30cm, and cave is 30cm deeply;
Step 4, landfill soil moved in improve the original:
Planting plant hole landfill soil moved in improve the original is brown coniferous forest soil, and this soil is not histosol;
Step 5, to plant seedlings:
Investigate according to previous experiments, the arbor species pinus sylvestris var. mongolica of one's native land grown under selecting to be suitable for cold temperate regions arid land occupation condition, nursery stock specification is 3 years raw II level container seedlings, and seedling growth, according to every cave one strain, accomplishes when planting that the depth is suitable, backfill soil moved in improve the original, steady and sure soil, season of planting seedlings is autumn, because be plant seedlings rainy season, ground moistening, waters when planting;
Step 6, plant seedlings after management:
According to actual conditions, due to soil drought, carry out management of watering for 2 times after planting, and recorded the when and where of each operational and managerial activity.
Implement 1 year " Invest, Then Investigate ", plant percent 98%, then the average 12.2cm of Seedling height, well-grown.Raising and the employing preferred embodiment container seedling of survival rate, and be that 3 years raw II level container seedlings are directly related, ensure that seedling root is complete, vitality is strong.
Embodiment 2 the Greater Hinggan Mountains in Heilongjiang new Lin's gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery
This gold dust abandoned mine land is banded, and initial land form landforms destroy serious, are found everywhere Mao Sha hilllock, hair sandpit, has ridge shape to rise and fall, and matrix is based on large chad, and seldom, plant is difficult to growth for fine grained and soil constituent.Newly formed soon through investigating this gold dust abandoned mine land, for local State Forestry Administration, P.R. China owns, allocation of landownership and land use right is clear, without dispute.Slash does not have vegetation growth, and the soil that genus can not utilize (agriculture, woods, herd), non-warp is manually renovated, and is difficult to realize ecological recovery by power of nature.This soil qualification is confirmed.
Concrete operation step is as follows:
Step 1, determine recover border:
On confirmation qualified basis, soil, select the gold dust abandoned mine land of physical features relatively flat, utilize GPS (GPS) directly to measure the flex point coordinate of boundary of land block, stand-alone position error precision is less than 5m, determine to recover border, delineation area 1 hectare.
Step 2, whole:
After step 1, it is movable not carry out removing surface litter, tree root, dead and drying tree and logging slash, and only carrying out height to ridge, taller and bigger precipitous ore deposit on gold dust abandoned mine land, to dig low near-nature forest landform of filling out simply smooth, and reaching can the soil moved in improve the original basic condition of planting trees.
Step 3, dig cave:
Employing rectangle configures, and cave is apart from 2 × 2.5m; Adopt circular cave-shaped excavation seedling growth cave, footpath, cave is 35cm, and cave is 40cm deeply.
Step 4, landfill soil moved in improve the original:
Planting plant hole landfill soil moved in improve the original is brown coniferous forest soil and dark brown earth.
Step 5, to plant seedlings:
The arbor species pinus sylvestris var. mongolica of one's native land grown under selecting to be suitable for cold temperate regions arid land occupation condition, 4 years raw I level container seedlings, seedling growth is according to every cave one strain, accomplish when planting that the depth is suitable, steady and sure soil, season of planting seedlings is autumn, belong to rainy season, minimizing to be watered and guarantee survives favourable.
Step 6, plant seedlings after management:
According to actual conditions, because of ecology fragility, the vegetation of clear-cutting forestland is protected, only after planting, carried out management of watering for 3 times, and recorded the when and where of each operational and managerial activity.
Implement 1 year " Invest, Then Investigate " plant percent, 98%, 3 years " Invest, Then Investigate " Seedling survival rates 95%; 8 years " Invest, Then Investigate " nursery stock mean heights 3.5 meters, mean DBH increment 5.9cm, underground kind is more, access expansion state, and ecological recovery is effective.
The inventive method by the process of planting seedlings to preferred pinus sylvestris var. mongolica as arbor species, nursery stock specification is I, II level 3 years or life in 4 years simultaneously, container seedling, the season of planting seedlings in the fall, this preferred embodiment can significantly improve plant percent, and adopt the existence of the arrangement of near-nature forest landform and arbor species, improve herbs and shrubs plant seed contact surface, make to be easy to Survival and growth, improve bio-diversity, thus reach quick ecological restoration effect, shorten the ecological recovery time, accelerate ecological recovery process.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1, determine recover border:
Determine to recover border to the gold dust abandoned mine land that will carry out ecological recovery, measure the flex point coordinate of the qualified boundary of land block in soil;
Step 2, whole:
To determine recover border plot in already present natural vegetation protect, do not remove surface litter, do not remove tree root, dead and drying tree and logging slash, only to ridge, taller and bigger precipitous ore deposit, dam and water and soil on gold dust abandoned mine land wash away the plot such as the gully carry out height dig low fill out near-nature forest landform arrange, reach can soil moved in improve the original plant trees basic condition;
Step 3, dig cave:
Adopt rectangle or square configuration, cave is apart from 2 × 2m or 2 × 2.5m; According to the cave-shaped mode of circle, excavation seedling growth cave, footpath, cave and cave are 30-40cm deeply;
Step 4, landfill soil moved in improve the original:
Plant plant hole landfill soil moved in improve the original, soil moved in improve the original is one or more in the soil such as brown coniferous forest soil, grey coniferous forest Soil, dark brown earth;
Step 5, to plant seedlings:
According to matching species with the site principle, the arbor species of one's native land grown under selecting to be suitable for cold temperate regions arid land occupation condition, seedling growth, according to every cave one strain, accomplishes that the depth is suitable, steady and sure soil; As soil drought when planting seedlings, should water in time;
Step 6, plant seedlings after management:
Carry out watering according to actual conditions after planting seedlings in good time, loosen the soil, the tending management such as weeding.
2. a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the arbor species of one's native land in described step 5 can be one or more in Dahurian larch, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, aspen, white birch.
3. a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the nursery stock in described step 5 is container seedling, bareroot seedling, band soil stick together in seedling one or more.
4. a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the nursery stock seedling age in described step 5 is life in 2 years to 5 years.
5. a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the season of planting seedlings in described step 5 is spring, summer or autumn.
6. a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the arbor species in described step 5 are preferably pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and nursery stock specification is I, II level 3 years or life in 4 years, and container seedling, the season of planting seedlings is autumn.
7. a kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, determine in described step 1 that recovering border must adopt following method to determine: utilize GPS, the flex point coordinate of direct mensuration project boundary of land block, stand-alone position error is no more than 5m.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN107567745A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of soil moved in improve the original modification method for lifting Loess Region newly-increased farmland potato yield |
| CN109190224A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of ecological restoration of mine method based on ecological zoning |
| CN110122201A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of high and cold upland meadow guard method can adapt to climate change |
| CN111460386A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-28 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Spatial diversity detection method for effective time of regional ecological construction |
| CN112243786A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-22 | 承德京城矿业集团有限公司 | Method for forestation in vanadium titano-magnetite ore dressing water washing waste stone waste dump and locust thereof |
| CN113723808A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-30 | 扎赉诺尔煤业有限责任公司 | Ecological niche-based ecological restoration vegetation allocation method for alpine open closed-pit mining area and application |
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| CN107567745A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of soil moved in improve the original modification method for lifting Loess Region newly-increased farmland potato yield |
| CN110122201A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of high and cold upland meadow guard method can adapt to climate change |
| CN109190224A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of ecological restoration of mine method based on ecological zoning |
| CN111460386A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-28 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Spatial diversity detection method for effective time of regional ecological construction |
| CN111460386B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-02-11 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Spatial diversity detection method for effective time of regional ecological construction |
| CN112243786A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-22 | 承德京城矿业集团有限公司 | Method for forestation in vanadium titano-magnetite ore dressing water washing waste stone waste dump and locust thereof |
| CN113723808A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-30 | 扎赉诺尔煤业有限责任公司 | Ecological niche-based ecological restoration vegetation allocation method for alpine open closed-pit mining area and application |
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