CN111955259A - Long-spike cutting breeding method for tea trees - Google Patents
Long-spike cutting breeding method for tea trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN111955259A CN111955259A CN202010874602.5A CN202010874602A CN111955259A CN 111955259 A CN111955259 A CN 111955259A CN 202010874602 A CN202010874602 A CN 202010874602A CN 111955259 A CN111955259 A CN 111955259A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tea tree long-spike cutting breeding method, which belongs to the field of tea tree cutting breeding and comprises the steps of mother tree selection and cultivation, seedbed establishment, spike collection, nursery management and nursery fertilization management. The base layer is paved on the seedbed, so that rooting is promoted better, nutrients are absorbed better, the rooting speed is higher, the survival rate is higher, selenium fertilizer is applied to tea trees, the selenium mixed solution is sprayed before picking the spikes, the tea leaves contain trace elements such as selenium, zinc and amino acid with certain content through fertilizer absorption, the selenium solution is sprayed before picking the spikes, the tea leaves directly absorb selenium, the selenium fertilizer is continuously applied after the spikes are picked, and the cultivated tea seedlings are selenium-containing tea seedlings, so that the selenium-rich tea can be produced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tea planting, in particular to a tea tree long-spike cutting breeding method.
Background
The tea is praised as 'national drink' in China, and a great deal of modern science proves that the tea really contains biochemical components closely related to human health, has the pharmacological effects of refreshing, clearing away heat, relieving summer heat, helping digestion, reducing phlegm, removing greasiness, losing weight, clearing away heart-fire, relieving restlessness, detoxifying, sobering up, promoting the production of body fluid, quenching thirst, reducing pathogenic fire, improving eyesight, stopping dysentery, removing dampness and the like, and also has certain pharmacological effects on modern diseases, such as radiation disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and the like. Therefore, the tea has multiple pharmacological effects and wide action, and is irreplaceable for other beverages. The main components of the tea with pharmacological action are tea polyphenol, caffeine, lipopolysaccharide and the like.
At present, the tea tree is cultivated by adopting a cutting propagation method, but the technical measures adopted in the cutting transplanting process are inappropriate, so that the conditions of low survival rate, poor root system development and the like of the tea tree are caused. Therefore, a method for cutting propagation with high survival rate needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tea tree long-spike cutting breeding method, which solves the technical problems in the background technology.
A tea tree long-spike cutting breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting and cultivating a mother tree, namely turning up bottom soil of a tea garden by 30-35 cm, fertilizing at a bottom layer, burying surface soil, and fertilizing at a surface layer, wherein the fertilizing amount at the bottom layer is 450-550 kilograms of special fertilizer for selenium-rich tea per mu, and the fertilizing amount at the surface layer is 300-500 kilograms of special fertilizer for the selenium-rich tea per mu;
step 2: the method comprises the steps of establishing a seedbed, after deeply turning over, crushing and raking the nursery ground, trimming the nursery ground to be the seedbed with the height of 15 cm, the width of 110 cm to 120 cm, enabling the pH value of the seedbed to be 4.5 to 6.0, the length of 10m to 15m, the east-west trend and the inter-seedbed furrow width to be 30 cm to 40 cm, laying a spraying belt, arranging a water storage tank in the nursery ground, arranging drainage and irrigation ditches around the nursery ground, and enabling the thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer to be 250 to 300 kg/667m2Uniformly spreading the mixture on a seedbed, fully mixing the mixture with soil, leveling the mixture, and then paving a cutting medium on the mixture;
and step 3: collecting the scion at a time before 10 am or 4 pm in sunny days, wherein the length of the scion is 20-23cm, the scion can be collected in all cloudy days, selenium mixed solution is sprayed before the scion is collected, the scion is collected in spring in the tenth day after spraying, and the cutting is finished within 8-12 days; cutting the cutting slips in summer and autumn on the tenth day after spraying, and finishing picking within 10-15 days;
and 4, step 4: cutting, bundling 1 bundle of cut slips 30-50 before cutting, soaking the lower ends of the slips in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 400-500 mg/kg for 20-30 min, standing for 2-4 h after taking out, wherein the cutting time is from ten days of 9 months to ten days of 11 months, fully spraying the matrix with moisture, after the matrix soil is dry and is not sticky, inserting the matrix with the depth of 5-8 cm according to the plant row spacing of 5cm multiplied by 15, and adopting a direct cutting method, wherein the leaves and the buds are exposed out of the soil surface, the leaves cannot contact the matrix, and spraying water after cutting;
and 5: nursery garden management, wherein 20-40 days after cuttage is a cutting shoot healing rooting period, water is sprayed for 2-3 times every day, the water content of soil is kept at 60% -80%, water is sprayed for 1 time every day on a sunny day after rooting, the shading nets are kept intact before the rooting period and the shoots heal, the shading nets at two ends of a seedbed are uncovered after 180 days, and the shading nets are removed from the cut tea seedlings in a shade day of 9-10 months next year;
step 6: after the cutting shoots are rooted, the first fertilization is carried out in the next 3-4 months, 0.5% urea or 0.2% monopotassium phosphate is used for spraying, topdressing is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 20-30 d, the fertilization amount is gradually increased, and in the season of vigorous seedling growth, 5kg/667m can be used2Broadcasting and applying urea and 200-300 kg/667m2The special fertilizer for the selenium-rich tea is watered and showered, and the selenium-rich tea can be transplanted after 1 to 1.5 years.
The step 1 also comprises the matched application of base fertilizer in late autumn and early winter, and 3000-5000 kg of decomposed stable manure are applied per 667m2Or 250-400 kg of fermented cake fertilizer per 667m2And 30 kg of urea were used per 667m2。
The special fertilizer in the step 1 comprises 20% of urea, 15% of monoammonium phosphate, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17% of potassium chloride, 1% of boron, 1.7% of zinc, 0.3% of glutamic acid, 0.1% of lysine, 0.3% of leucine, 0.4% of histidine, 1% of methionine, 0.5% of cystine, 0.8% of threonine, 0.2% of phenylalanine, 0.7% of serine and 1% of tryptophan.
The special fertilizer also comprises 5% of phosphate rock powder, 1% of biological bacteria and 2% of selenium ore powder.
In the step 2, before the cutting medium is laid, finely-divided red and yellow soil is uniformly laid on the seedbed, the thickness of the finely-divided red and yellow soil is 5cm after compaction, and the seedbed is disinfected by using 800 times of liquid of 40% carbendazim wettable powder and 1000 times of liquid of 40% thiophanate methyl.
In the step 2, the cuttage matrix comprises, by volume, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 28 parts of peat soil, 37 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of fresh cow dung, 6 parts of raw litchi rind, 3 parts of peach kernel, 2 parts of amino acid, 30 parts of mushroom cultivation waste leavening, 10 parts of needle-leaved fallen leaf leavening and 50 parts of river sand.
The preparation process of the cutting medium comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing 28 parts of peat soil, 37 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of fresh cow dung, 6 parts of raw litchi peel and 3 parts of peach kernel, adding 15 parts of water for wetting during stirring, then stacking for 8 days, inoculating 0.8 kg/square meter to the earthworms, keeping the relative humidity at 50%, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, after the earthworms are fully eaten, putting the mixture of the earthworms and the earthworm dung into a crusher for crushing, then drying or drying in the sun to obtain a crushed mixture, stirring the crushed mixture, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 2 parts of amino acid, 30 parts of shiitake cultivation waste leavening and 10 parts of needle fallen leaf leavening, sieving the mixture by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain a sieved mixture, dividing the sieved mixture into three parts which account for 20%, 30% and 50% respectively, and mixing 50 parts of river sand comprising 10 parts of coarse sand, 15 parts of fine sand and 25 parts of medium sand, mixing the 20% of sieved mixture and 10 parts of coarse sand to obtain a coarse sand, mixing 30% of the sieved mixture with 15 parts of fine sand to obtain a fine sand matrix, mixing 50% of the sieved mixture with 25 parts of medium sand to obtain a medium sand matrix, stirring and sterilizing the coarse sand matrix, the fine sand matrix and the medium sand matrix respectively through an ultraviolet lamp, then paving the coarse sand matrix layer 2cm high, then paving the medium sand matrix layer 5cm high, and finally paving the fine sand matrix layer 3cm high.
In the step 3, the selenium spraying mixed solution is a mixed solution of 42 g of zinc selenium paste, 5 ml of organic silicon spraying auxiliary agent and 30 kg of water or selenate lipopolysaccharide: selenomethionine: the mass ratio of water is 0.8:1: 2500.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the substrate layer is paved on the seedbed, so that rooting is promoted better, nutrients are absorbed better, the rooting speed is higher, the survival rate is higher, the selenium fertilizer is applied to the tea trees, the selenium mixed solution is sprayed before picking the spikes, the tea leaves contain certain content of trace elements such as selenium, zinc and amino acid after the fertilizer is absorbed, the selenium solution is sprayed before picking the spikes, the tea leaves directly absorb selenium, the selenium fertilizer is continuously applied after the spikes are picked, and the cultured tea seedlings are selenium-containing tea seedlings, so that the selenium-rich tea can be produced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments are given and the present invention is described in further detail. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
A tea tree long-spike cutting breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) selecting and cultivating a mother tree, namely turning up bottom soil of the tea garden by 30-35 cm, fertilizing at a bottom layer, burying surface soil, and fertilizing at a surface layer, wherein the fertilizing amount at the bottom layer is 450-550 kilograms of special fertilizer for the selenium-rich tea leaves per mu, and the fertilizing amount at the surface layer is 300-500 kilograms of special fertilizer for the selenium-rich tea leaves per mu.
Base fertilizer is applied in a matched mode at late autumn and early winter, 3000-5000 kg of decomposed animal manure are applied per 667m2Or 250-400 kg of fermented cake fertilizer per 667m2And 30 kg of urea were used per 667m2。
The special fertilizer comprises 20% of urea, 15% of monoammonium phosphate, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17% of potassium chloride, 1% of boron, 1.7% of zinc, 0.3% of glutamic acid, 0.1% of lysine, 0.3% of leucine, 0.4% of histidine, 1% of methionine, 0.5% of cystine, 0.8% of threonine, 0.2% of phenylalanine, 0.7% of serine and 1% of tryptophan. Wherein the special fertilizer also comprises 5 percent of phosphorite powder, 1 percent of biological bacteria and 2 percent of selenium ore powder. The selenium-rich fertilizer is applied, so that the ear picking branches are already selenium-rich branches, and then the selenium-rich tea can be produced by continuously applying the selenium-rich fertilizer in the subsequent cultivation.
Step 2: after the nursery bed is established and deeply ploughed, crushed and harrowed, the nursery bed is integrated into a nursery bed with the height of 15 cm, the width of 110 cm to 120 cm, the pH value of the nursery bed is 4.5 to 6.0, the length of 10m to 15m, the east-west trend and the inter-nursery-bed furrow width of 30 cm to 40 cm, andlaying a spraying belt, arranging a water storage tank on the nursery land, arranging irrigation ditches on the periphery of the water storage tank, and allowing the rotten cake fertilizer to grow at 250-300 kg/667m2Uniformly spreading on a seedbed, fully mixing with soil, leveling, and then paving a cutting medium on the soil.
Before laying the cutting matrix, finely-divided red and yellow soil is uniformly laid on the seedbed, the thickness of the finely-divided red and yellow soil is 5cm after compaction, and the seedbed is disinfected by 800 times of 40% carbendazim wettable powder and 1000 times of 40% thiophanate methyl.
The cutting medium comprises, by volume, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 28 parts of peat soil, 37 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of fresh cow dung, 6 parts of raw litchi rind, 3 parts of peach kernel, 2 parts of amino acid, 30 parts of mushroom cultivation waste leavening, 10 parts of needle-leaved fallen leaf leavening and 50 parts of river sand.
The preparation process of the cutting medium comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing 28 parts of peat soil, 37 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of fresh cow dung, 6 parts of raw litchi peel and 3 parts of peach kernel, adding 15 parts of water for wetting during stirring, then stacking for 8 days, inoculating 0.8 kg/square meter to the earthworms, keeping the relative humidity at 50%, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, after the earthworms are fully eaten, putting the mixture of the earthworms and the earthworm dung into a crusher for crushing, then drying or drying in the sun to obtain a crushed mixture, stirring the crushed mixture, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 2 parts of amino acid, 30 parts of shiitake cultivation waste leavening and 10 parts of needle fallen leaf leavening, sieving the mixture by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain a sieved mixture, dividing the sieved mixture into three parts which account for 20%, 30% and 50% respectively, and mixing 50 parts of river sand comprising 10 parts of coarse sand, 15 parts of fine sand and 25 parts of medium sand, mixing the 20% of sieved mixture and 10 parts of coarse sand to obtain a coarse sand, mixing 30% of the sieved mixture with 15 parts of fine sand to obtain a fine sand matrix, mixing 50% of the sieved mixture with 25 parts of medium sand to obtain a medium sand matrix, stirring and sterilizing the coarse sand matrix, the fine sand matrix and the medium sand matrix respectively through an ultraviolet lamp, then paving the coarse sand matrix layer 2cm high, then paving the medium sand matrix layer 5cm high, and finally paving the fine sand matrix layer 3cm high.
The fine river sand has good water retention and poor water permeability; the coarse river sand has poor water retention and good water permeability. The cutting is preferably carried out with medium river sand with the diameter of about 1mm, or with coarse sand on the lower layer and fine sand on the upper layer. When in use, the sand is sieved, coarse gravel and impurities are sieved, and the sand is washed by clear water. The river sand does not contain humus, water is not easy to accumulate, the rot of the cutting slips caused by bacterial infection can be avoided, and the healing of the cutting slips and the early sprouting of new roots are facilitated. Vermiculite: good water retention and air permeability, no plant diseases and insect pests, high water absorption, relatively slow rooting by cutting the cutting slips with vermiculite, but thick root system. Carry out the water retention through the fine sand matrix layer, then well sand matrix layer can let the root grow fast, and the root of 3 months tea-strips probably can break through the coarse sand matrix layer, enters into on the seedbed, then the quick growth of the nutrient of absorption seedbed soil that can be quick to can grow, and adapt to the growth of soil property in 1 year's time, it is higher for subsequent value transfer survival rate, it is faster to move the value simultaneously and return root speed.
And step 3: collecting the scion at a time before 10 am or 4 pm in sunny days, wherein the length of the scion is 20-23cm, the scion can be collected in all cloudy days, selenium mixed solution is sprayed before the scion is collected, the scion is collected in spring in the tenth day after spraying, and the cutting is finished within 8-12 days; cutting the cutting slips in summer and autumn after the tenth day of spraying, and finishing picking within 10-15 days.
And 4, step 4: and (2) cutting, bundling 1 bundle of cut cutting slips every 30-50 before cutting, soaking the lower ends of the cutting slips in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 400-500 mg/kg for 20-30 min, standing for 2-4 h after taking out, wherein the cutting time is from ten days of 9 months to ten days of 11 months, fully spraying the matrix, after the matrix soil is dry and not sticky, inserting the matrix to 5-8 cm in depth according to the plant row spacing of 5cm multiplied by 15, and adopting a direct cutting method, wherein the leaves and the buds are exposed out of the soil surface, the leaves are not in contact with the matrix, and spraying water after cutting. The selenium-spraying mixed solution is a mixed solution of 42 g of zinc-selenium paste, 5 ml of organic silicon spraying aid and 30 kg of water or selenate lipopolysaccharide: selenomethionine: the mass ratio of water is 0.8:1: 2500.
And 5: and (3) nursery management, wherein 20-40 days after cuttage is a rooting healing period of the cutting, water is sprayed for 2-3 times every day, the water content of soil is kept at 60% -80%, water is sprayed for 1 time every day on a sunny day after rooting, the sunshade net is kept intact before the rooting healing period and the young shoots heal, the sunshade nets at two ends of the seedbed are uncovered after 180 days, and the sunshade net is removed from the tea seedlings after cuttage in a shade of 9-10 months next year.
Step 6: after the cutting shoots are rooted, the first fertilization is carried out in the next 3-4 months, 0.5% urea or 0.2% monopotassium phosphate is used for spraying, topdressing is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 20-30 d, the fertilization amount is gradually increased, and in the season of vigorous seedling growth, 5kg/667m can be used2Broadcasting and applying urea and 200-300 kg/667m2The special fertilizer for the selenium-rich tea is watered and showered, and the selenium-rich tea can be transplanted after 1 to 1.5 years.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tea tree long-spike cutting breeding method is characterized in that: the cuttage breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting and cultivating a mother tree, namely turning up bottom soil of a tea garden by 30-35 cm, fertilizing at a bottom layer, burying surface soil, and fertilizing at a surface layer, wherein the fertilizing amount at the bottom layer is 450-550 kilograms of special fertilizer for selenium-rich tea per mu, and the fertilizing amount at the surface layer is 300-500 kilograms of special fertilizer for the selenium-rich tea per mu;
step 2: the method comprises the steps of establishing a seedbed, after deeply turning over, crushing and raking the nursery ground, trimming the nursery ground to be the seedbed with the height of 15 cm, the width of 110 cm to 120 cm, enabling the pH value of the seedbed to be 4.5 to 6.0, the length of 10m to 15m, the east-west trend and the inter-seedbed furrow width to be 30 cm to 40 cm, laying a spraying belt, arranging a water storage tank in the nursery ground, arranging drainage and irrigation ditches around the nursery ground, and enabling the thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer to be 250 to 300 kg/667m2Uniformly spreading the mixture on a seedbed, fully mixing the mixture with soil, leveling the mixture, and then paving a cutting medium on the mixture;
and step 3: collecting the scion at a time before 10 am or 4 pm in sunny days, wherein the length of the scion is 20-23cm, the scion can be collected in all cloudy days, spraying a selenium mixed solution before the scion is collected, starting the scion collection in the tenth day after spraying in spring days, and cutting the scions within 8-12 days; cutting the cutting slips in summer and autumn on the tenth day after spraying, and finishing picking within 10-15 days;
and 4, step 4: cutting, bundling 1 bundle of cut slips 30-50 before cutting, soaking the lower ends of the slips in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 400-500 mg/kg for 20-30 min, standing for 2-4 h after taking out, wherein the cutting time is from ten days of 9 months to ten days of 11 months, fully spraying the matrix with moisture, after the matrix soil is dry and is not sticky, inserting the matrix with the depth of 5-8 cm according to the plant row spacing of 5cm multiplied by 15, and adopting a direct cutting method, wherein the leaves and the buds are exposed out of the soil surface, the leaves cannot contact the matrix, and spraying water after cutting;
and 5: nursery garden management, wherein 20-40 days after cuttage is a cutting shoot healing rooting period, water is sprayed for 2-3 times every day, the water content of soil is kept at 60% -80%, water is sprayed for 1 time every day on a sunny day after rooting, the shading nets are kept intact before the rooting period and the shoots heal, the shading nets at two ends of a seedbed are uncovered after 180 days, and the shading nets are removed from the cut tea seedlings in a shade day of 9-10 months next year;
step 6: after the cutting shoots are rooted, the first fertilization is carried out in the next 3-4 months, 0.5% urea or 0.2% monopotassium phosphate is used for spraying, topdressing is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 20-30 d, the fertilization amount is gradually increased, and in the season of vigorous seedling growth, 5kg/667m can be used2Broadcasting and applying urea and 200-300 kg/667m2The special fertilizer for the selenium-rich tea is watered and showered, and the selenium-rich tea can be transplanted after 1 to 1.5 years.
2. The tea tree long-shoot cutting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 1 also comprises the matched application of base fertilizer in late autumn and early winter, and 3000-5000 kg of decomposed stable manure are applied per 667m2Or 250-400 kg of fermented cake fertilizer per 667m2And 30 kg of urea were used per 667m2。
3. The tea tree long-shoot cutting propagation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the special fertilizer in the step 1 comprises 20% of urea, 15% of monoammonium phosphate, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17% of potassium chloride, 1% of boron, 1.7% of zinc, 0.3% of glutamic acid, 0.1% of lysine, 0.3% of leucine, 0.4% of histidine, 1% of methionine, 0.5% of cystine, 0.8% of threonine, 0.2% of phenylalanine, 0.7% of serine and 1% of tryptophan.
4. The tea tree long-shoot cutting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the special fertilizer also comprises 5% of phosphate rock powder, 1% of biological bacteria and 2% of selenium ore powder.
5. The tea tree long-shoot cutting propagation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 2, before the cutting medium is laid, finely-divided red and yellow soil is uniformly laid on the seedbed, the thickness of the finely-divided red and yellow soil is 5cm after compaction, and the seedbed is disinfected by using 800 times of liquid of 40% carbendazim wettable powder and 1000 times of liquid of 40% thiophanate methyl.
6. The tea tree long-shoot cutting propagation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step 2, the cuttage matrix comprises, by volume, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 28 parts of peat soil, 37 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of fresh cow dung, 6 parts of raw litchi rind, 3 parts of peach kernel, 2 parts of amino acid, 30 parts of mushroom cultivation waste leavening, 10 parts of needle-leaved fallen leaf leavening and 50 parts of river sand.
7. The tea tree long-shoot cutting propagation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the preparation process of the cutting medium comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing 28 parts of peat soil, 37 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of fresh cow dung, 6 parts of raw litchi peel and 3 parts of peach kernel, adding 15 parts of water for wetting during stirring, then stacking for 8 days, inoculating 0.8 kg/square meter to the earthworms, keeping the relative humidity at 50%, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, after the earthworms are fully eaten, putting the mixture of the earthworms and the earthworm dung into a crusher for crushing, then drying or drying in the sun to obtain a crushed mixture, stirring the crushed mixture, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 2 parts of amino acid, 30 parts of shiitake cultivation waste leavening and 10 parts of needle fallen leaf leavening, sieving the mixture by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain a sieved mixture, dividing the sieved mixture into three parts which account for 20%, 30% and 50% respectively, and mixing 50 parts of river sand comprising 10 parts of coarse sand, 15 parts of fine sand and 25 parts of medium sand, mixing the 20% of sieved mixture and 10 parts of coarse sand to obtain a coarse sand, mixing 30% of the sieved mixture with 15 parts of fine sand to obtain a fine sand matrix, mixing 50% of the sieved mixture with 25 parts of medium sand to obtain a medium sand matrix, stirring and sterilizing the coarse sand matrix, the fine sand matrix and the medium sand matrix respectively through an ultraviolet lamp, then paving the coarse sand matrix layer 2cm high, then paving the medium sand matrix layer 5cm high, and finally paving the fine sand matrix layer 3cm high.
8. The tea tree long-shoot cutting propagation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 3, the selenium spraying mixed solution is a mixed solution of 42 g of zinc selenium paste, 5 ml of organic silicon spraying auxiliary agent and 30 kg of water or selenate lipopolysaccharide: selenomethionine: the mass ratio of water is 0.8:1: 2500.
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