CN113040010A - No-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah - Google Patents
No-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a no-tillage rotation method for tomatoes and summer loofah in autumn and winter in open field in south, which belongs to the field of crop planting and comprises the steps of sowing and raising seedlings of the tomatoes in the middle and upper ten months of 9 months, transplanting tomato seedlings in 10-11 months, carrying out watering and fertilizing management on the tomato seedlings from 12 months to 4 months in the next year, then harvesting fruits, breeding towel gourd seedlings in the lower ten days of 3 months, planting summer loofah to the root of the tomato seedlings in the middle and lower ten days of 4 months, planting the towel gourd in summer without tillage and building up frames, saving cost, carrying out no land plowing and soil preparation, cleaning tomato vines, directly planting the towel gourd on the upper ten days, carrying out fertilizing management on the towel gourd in 4 months to 5 months, spraying selenium increasing liquid when the young towel gourd grows for 4-5cm, using a covering bag to cover the melon for soil preparation, harvesting the young towel gourd in 6 months to 8 months, removing the covering bag and leaving the bag for secondary use, turning over and sun drying and sterilizing the tomato in autumn and planting in winter in 10 months. The average tomato yield per mu is 4000kg of small fruits and 7000kg of large fruits, the value of the yield per mu is more than 20000 yuan, the net income per mu is more than 14000 yuan, the average tomato yield per mu is 3500kg, the value of the yield per mu is more than 9000 yuan, the net income per mu is more than 6000 yuan, the annual output value per mu is more than 29000 yuan, and the net income per mu is more than 20000 yuan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop planting, in particular to a no-tillage rotation method for autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofahs in open fields in south.
Background
How to overcome the continuous cropping obstacles and improve the planting benefits is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by broad growers. The existing southern main rotation system is 'water-dry rotation', which mainly adopts a 'rice-vegetable' mode, namely planting rice in one season in the first half of the year, planting vegetables in autumn and winter in the second half of the year, for example, planting tomatoes, wherein the tomatoes planted in autumn and winter continue to the second 4 months, and then planting rice in a new season. The paddy-upland rotation system is particularly suitable for paddy fields convenient to irrigate, but for dry lands, the paddy-upland rotation is difficult to implement due to inconvenience in irrigation and water storage, and crops which can be roughly managed such as corn planted by many farmers are transited, only no grass grows, and little harvesting is realized, so that the economic benefit is low. Therefore, a new crop rotation mode needs to be researched for dry land, which not only can effectively overcome continuous cropping obstacles, but also can promote the income of farmers to increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a southern open field autumn and winter tomato and summer towel gourd no-tillage rotation method, and solves the technical problem of low economic benefit of the existing southern dry land planting mode. Through scientific rotation and fine cultivation, economic benefits are increased, and through experimental demonstration and by utilizing varieties and technical advantages, good economic benefits and ecological benefits are obtained in the planting mode of autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofahs, so that the method is worthy of popularization.
According to the mode of autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofahs, summer vegetables in corresponding production areas in south and cities in surrounding counties can be enriched, and better economic benefit can be obtained.
A no-tillage rotation method for autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah fruits in open field in south includes sowing tomato seedlings in the first and middle ten days of 9 months, transplanting tomato seedlings in 10-11 months, carrying out watering and fertilizing management on the tomato seedlings in the period from 12 months to the next 4 months, removing withered and yellow leaves with disease spots, harvesting fruits, cleaning tomato vines, keeping hedges inserted in the field when the tomatoes are planted, breeding loofah seedlings in the last ten days of 3 months, planting summer loofah fruits on the roots of the tomato seedlings in the last ten days of 4 months, planting the summer loofah fruits in summer in a no-tillage mode and free of frame erection, saving cost, preparing soil without turning over, cleaning the tomato vines, planting the loofah fruits directly on the upper portion, carrying out fertilizing management on the summer loofah fruits in 4-5 months, spraying selenium increasing liquid when the young loofah fruits grow 4-5cm in 4-5 months, sheathing the young melons with bags, improving commodity rate, harvesting the melons in 6-8 months, using bags in bags, and using the bags in the bags for land preparation, preparing the soil in 9 months, and (5) tedding and disinfecting, and planting the autumn and winter tomatoes again in 10 months in a repeated way.
Further, the specific process of tomato seedling culture is as follows:
selecting big fruit tomato or cherry tomato from autumn and winter tomato, selecting big fruit tomato as roller, Euler, roller starch or Shuangfei No. 8, and selecting to obtainThe registered seedling culture medium special for solanaceous fruit or broad-spectrum type is prepared by selecting standard seedling culture hole tray with 72 holes, and sterilizing the medium according to 1m3Adding 70% of bactericide, namely zinc wettable powder 60g or 50% of carbendazim soluble powder 40g into a seedling raising substrate, uniformly mixing, covering 2-3 d with a clean plastic film, lifting the film, then filling the film into a plug tray for standby, sprinkling water on the plug tray substrate one day before sowing, dibbling the exposed seeds on the plug tray, sowing one seed in each plug tray, covering the sterilized substrate with the thickness of 1-1.5 cm after sowing, uniformly sprinkling water after sowing, keeping the substrate moist during seedling raising, not applying fertilizer during seedling raising, applying 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution for 1-2 times if the seedlings are weak, performing acclimatization for one week before the seedlings are out of the nursery, performing ventilation at noon and uncovering the film to acclimatize the seedlings when the temperature is above 12 ℃.
Further, the specific process of transplanting tomato seedlings is as follows:
ploughing soil deeply for 25-30 cm, drying for 7-10 d, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer, raking, making into furrow with furrow surface width of 100-150 cm and height of 20-30 cm, furrow with width of 30-40 cm, and making a fertilizing furrow with depth of 15cm in the middle of furrow surface;
applying base fertilizer, applying 200-500 kg/667m of organic fertilizer2Uniformly spreading the N-P-K ternary compound fertilizer 15-15-1510kg/667m before harrowing2～15kg/667m2Uniformly applying the N-P-K ternary compound fertilizer into a prepared fertilizing ditch and covering soil;
arranging a dropper and covering a mulching film, paving the prepared dropper in the middle of the fertilized furrow surface, covering a silver ash and black agricultural double-color mulching film, burying and pressing the peripheral films with soil in the black surface, and preventing wind and preserving moisture;
during field planting, field planting is carried out in the afternoon or in the cloudy day in the sunny day, the field planting can be carried out all day when the air temperature is stable above 15 ℃, and the field planting density is each 667m22000 to 2800 permanent planting plants.
Further, the specific process of tomato watering and fertilizing management is as follows:
watering root after planting, keeping soil moist during growth period, and applying fertilizer 2 times per month after bloomingThe variety is water soluble fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, and the dosage is 5kg/667m each time2～7.5kg/667m2；
When the plant grows to 30cm, erecting and tying vine, tying vine for 3-4 times in the whole growing period, and planting the whole branch with the density of 2000 plants/667 m2Double-rod pruning is adopted, and the planting density is 2800 plants/667 m2The single-rod pruning is suitable;
preserving flowers and fruits, pollinating at 8: 00-10: 00 a day in the early flowering phase of tomato growth, dipping flowers with 10-20 mg/L2, 4D solution or 2.5% tomatidine 25-50 mg/L when the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, wherein the concentration is inversely proportional to the air temperature; when 2-3 flowers bloom, the flower is sprayed to the flower stem by a small handheld sprayer, the flower is not sprayed to young leaves and tender tips for 4-6 days, and repeated spraying is not needed, so that abnormal fruits are avoided;
thinning fruits, namely selecting 4 fruits per ear of a variety with the single fruit mass of 180-250 g, selecting 4 fruits per ear of a variety with the single fruit mass of 120-180 g, selecting 4-5 fruits per ear of a variety with the single fruit mass, and removing diseased fruits, malformed fruits and undersize fruits without thinning fruits for cherry tomato types.
Further, the specific process of culturing the cucumber seedlings is as follows:
selecting varieties with early maturity, more melons, good commodity and strong resistance, such as Guiguan No. 5, Yueyou No. 2, Xiajou No. 6, Huangguan No. 3, longevity and sweetness No. 2 or Xiahui No. 12, and the like, accelerating germination and seedling in 3-month-late ten days, placing the seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for natural cooling and soaking for 4-6 hours, then placing in an environment at 28-35 ℃ for accelerating germination, sowing in a 72-hole tray after exposure to the white, sowing one seed in each hole, covering the sterilized substrate with thickness of 1-1.5 cm after sowing, uniformly watering after sowing, keeping the substrate wet during seedling cultivation, and adopting melon seedling culture substrate.
Further, the specific process of planting the summer loofah comprises the following steps:
spraying a scarifier at the root of a tomato seedling before transplanting, transplanting 5-8 days after spraying, controlling the height of a seedling to be more than 5cm during transplanting, the distance between the seedlings to be 0.8-1.0 m, the pH of transplanting soil to be 7.1-7.5, the humidity of the transplanting soil to be 30-60%, watering once three days after transplanting, watering all morning, and irrigating a large amount within two weeks after planting.
Further, the concrete process of the summer towel gourd for fertilization management is as follows:
watering and fertilizing at regular intervals, preventing plant diseases and insect pests by adopting a medicament and insect killing lamp mode, managing the stems and tendrils to enable the stems and tendrils to be put on a rack, fixing the stems and tendrils on the rack through a stem pressing buckle, carrying out artificial auxiliary pollination in the flowering phase of the plants, and applying mixed fertilizer 500kg/667m in the flowering phase2The mixed fertilizer comprises 20 percent of urea, 15 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 20 percent of organic fertilizer, 20 percent of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17 percent of potassium chloride, 1 percent of boron, 1.7 percent of zinc, 0.3 percent of glutamic acid, 0.1 percent of lysine, 0.3 percent of leucine, 0.4 percent of histidine, 1 percent of methionine, 0.5 percent of cystine, 0.8 percent of threonine, 0.2 percent of phenylalanine, 0.7 percent of serine and 1 percent of tryptophan, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of stirring and mixing 20 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of humus soil, 25 parts of fresh cow dung, 23 parts of raw grass and 5 parts of peach kernel, wherein the raw grass comprises 30 percent of Kunlang crab, 50 percent of Bermuda grass and 20 percent of zoysia grass, adding water for wetting during stirring, then piling up for 8 days, inoculating 0.8kg of Square cells to the earthworms, keeping the relative humidity at 50 percent, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, putting the mixture of the earthworms and the manure into a pulverizer for pulverization after the earthworms are fully eaten, obtaining a crushed mixture, crushing melon seedlings to obtain dry melon seedling skin powder, paving a layer of dry melon seedling skin powder with the height of 3-5cm on a fermentation tank as a bottom layer, then stacking the dry melon seedling skin powder layer by layer from bottom to top according to the material type sequence of the crushed mixture, mushroom bran and the dry melon seedling skin powder, wherein the thickness of each layer of material is 20-25cm except the bottom layer, a layer of leavening agent is uniformly applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer, and after 18 days of fermentation, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 8-12 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The cover bag includes the bag body, is provided with buffering depressed groove, pocket and ties up the strip, ties up knot, air vent and delivery port on the bag body, and the pocket is tied up the strip and is set up the opening part at the bag body, and the pocket is tied up the strip and is passed and tie up to detain spacing fixed, and the air vent setting is on the bag body, and the buffering depressed groove sets up in one side of the bag body, and the delivery port setting is in the bottom of the bag.
Further, tie up and detain including detaining the casing, support the mound, the bracing piece, spacing swash plate, pull rod and pine position clamp plate, detain the casing and set up to inside hollow, and both ends open structure, spacing swash plate one end is fixed on detaining the casing inboard, and the slope sets up, pull rod one end is connected with the spacing swash plate other end, the pull rod other end is connected with the one end bottom of pine position clamp plate, support the mound setting in the outside of detaining the casing, bracing piece one end contact sets up and supports on the mound again, the other end is connected with the pine position clamp plate, the parallel outside setting of detaining the casing of pine position clamp.
Further, the pocket is tied up the strip and is included the strip body and spacing tooth, spacing tooth sets up the one side at the strip body, and pass and detain the casing, set up with spacing swash plate screens, the outside of the pocket department of the bag body is provided with a plurality of spacing bands, the pocket is tied up the strip and is passed a plurality of spacing bands, the buffering depressed groove includes the depressed groove, rear side bag layer and front side bag layer, the inboard cover on front side bag layer is absorbed in the inboard of rear side bag layer and is formed the depressed groove, the buffering depressed groove is provided with a plurality of rows, each row includes three buffering depressed groove, interval between each row of buffering depressed groove is from the pocket toward bottom interval grow gradually.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the invention has crop rotation arrangement and benefit, the tomatoes are sown and cultivated in the middle ten days of 9 months, the tomatoes are transplanted in 10-11 months, and the tomatoes are harvested in 12-4 months next year. The yield per mu is more than 20000 yuan/mu; the cucumber seedlings are cultivated in the last ten days of 3 months, summer loofah is fixedly planted in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, the loofah is harvested from the last ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 8 months, and the acre yield value is more than 9000 yuan. The annual output value per mu of the mode is more than 29000 yuan, and the annual income is more than 20000 yuan;
(2) with transparent cover bag, one can effectively prevent the insect pest, the curved melon of second preventable, it can not be curved to meet the separation during melon extension, straight section of thick bamboo bag is stereotyped for the melon, the cover bag sets up the buffering depressed slot, can cushion spacingly according to the size of melon, the straight line growth of better keeping the melon, the bag body is whole protects the outside of melon simultaneously, prevent that the pest from infringing, it ties up the strip and ties up the knot and realize quick bag of bessing to have set up the pocket, and loosen at any time, can realize sack reuse, when plucking the melon, can reserve the next use after the sack is liberated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the bag of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the binding buckle of the cap bag according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the buffer concave groove of the bag set of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-bag body; 2-buffer concave groove; 2.1-a concave groove; 2.2-rear side pocket layer; 2.3-front side pocket layer; 3-a limiting belt; 4-pocket tying strips; 4.1-the bandage body; 4.2-limit teeth; 5-binding a buckle; 5.1-buckling the shell; 5.2-supporting pier; 5.3-support bar; 5.4-limit sloping plate; 5.5-pull rod; 5.6-loose pressing plate; 6-air vent; and 7-water outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments are given and the present invention is described in further detail. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
The planting mode of autumn and winter tomatoes-summer loofah in the valley region of the Yangtze river is taken as an example:
autumn and winter tomato
1.1.1 selecting tomato varieties such as Laura, Euler, Laura powder, Shuangfei No. 8 (powder) for unlimited growth of big fruit. The cherry tomato is selected from various types of unlimited growth type Zhuoyuan Xiu (red), Pingjiao (powder), Tiantian sweet (powder) and the like.
1.1.2 seedling culture medium special or broad-spectrum type for obtaining registration solanaceous vegetables is selected; and selecting a standard seedling raising plug tray with 72 holes. The substrate disinfection is carried out by adding 70% zineb wettable powder or 40g carbendazim soluble powder as bactericide into 1m3 seedling substrate, mixing and stirring uniformly, covering 2 d-3 d with clean plastic film, and opening the film and loading into plug tray for use. The hole disc matrix is drenched one day before sowing, the exposed and white seeds are dibbled on the hole disc, the disinfected matrix with the thickness of 1 cm to 1.5 cm is covered after each dibbling, and the water is drenched uniformly after the sowing. During the seedling raising period, the substrate is kept wet, no fertilizer is applied in principle, and if the seedling grows weakly, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution can be sprayed for 1 to 2 times.
Hardening seedlings for about one week before the seedlings are out of the nursery: the water pouring amount is controlled only when the seedling exercising standard is that the seedlings do not wither; ventilating at noon according to weather change, and uncovering the boundary film to harden the seedlings at night above 12 deg.C.
1.1.3 permanent planting
1.1.3.1 ploughing soil deeply by 25-30 cm, sun drying for 7-10 d, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer, raking, making ridge with width of 100-150 cm and height of 20-30 cm, width of 30-40 cm, and making a fertilizing ditch with depth of 15 cm.
1.1.3.2 application of base fertilizer and application of organic fertilizer (200-500) kg/667m2(uniformly spreading before harrowing); 10kg/667m of N-P-K ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15)2～15kg/667m2. And uniformly applying the N-P-K ternary compound fertilizer into the prepared fertilizing ditch and covering soil.
1.1.3.3 arranging a dropper and covering a mulching film, paving the prepared dropper in the middle of the fertilized furrow surface, covering silver ash and black agricultural double-color mulching film, wherein the black surface is arranged inside, and the peripheral films are buried and tightly pressed by soil to prevent wind and preserve moisture.
1.1.3.4 selecting the field planting in the afternoon or cloudy day of the sunny day; can be planted all day long when the temperature is stable above 15 ℃. The planting density is per 667m22000 to 2800 permanent planting plants.
1.1.4 field management
1.1.4.1 irrigating enough water for rooting after planting. During growth, the soil was kept moist. After blooming, top dressing is started, and top dressing is carried out for 2 times per month, wherein the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, and the dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer is 5kg/667m per time2～7.5kg/667m2。
1.1.4.2 when the plant grows to 30cm, it is bridged and vine tied. The vines are tied up for 3 to 4 times in the whole growing period. The whole-branch planting density is 2000 plants/667 m2Preferably, double-stem pruning is adopted, and the planting density is 2800 plants/667 m2It is preferable to use a single-pole pruning.
1.1.4.3 flower and fruit protection a) pollinating at 8: 00-10: 00 am every day in the early flowering period of tomato growth, and soaking flowers with 10-20 mg/L2, 4D solution or 25-50 mg/L2.5% tomatillon at the temperature of lower than 18 ℃, wherein the concentration is inversely proportional to the air temperature; b) when 2-3 flowers bloom, the flower is sprayed to the flower stem by a small handheld sprayer, the flower is not sprayed to young leaves and tender tips for 4-6 days, and the spraying is not repeated, so that abnormal fruits are avoided.
1.1.4.4 thinning fruit and reserving 4 fruits per ear, wherein the mass of the single fruit is 180-250 g; selecting 4-5 fruits per spike for varieties with single fruit mass of 120-180 g; cherry tomatoes are of a type that should not be thinning (mainly removing diseased fruits, malformed fruits, excessively small fruits).
1.1.5 picking leaves and picking off withered and yellow leaves with scabs in time.
1.1.6 the harvest fruit is ripe according to storage and transportation time and conditions, and the proper maturity is selected for harvest. The picked fruits are kept complete, uniform, fresh and consistent in maturity.
After harvesting the tomatoes, the tomato vines are only removed, the bamboo rod frames and the mulching films are reserved, and summer loofah is planted on the furred furrows.
1.2 summer Luffa cylindrica
1.2.1 selecting the variety with early maturity, good section forming property, good commodity and strong resistance, and selecting the varieties of Guiguan No. 5, Yuejie No. 2, Xiajou No. 6, Huangguan No. 3, Shoudan No. 2 or Xiaihui No. 12 according to local consumption habits.
1.2.2 sowing and seedling raising for 3 days later, naturally cooling and soaking seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for 4-6 hours, placing the seeds in an environment at 28-35 ℃ for germination acceleration, sowing the seeds in a 72-hole plug after exposure to white, sowing one seed in each hole of a melon seedling raising substrate, covering the sterilized substrate with thickness of 1-1.5 cm after sowing, uniformly watering after sowing, and keeping the substrate moist during seedling raising.
1.2.3 spraying a soil loosening agent on the root of a tomato seedling before transplanting, transplanting 5-8 days after spraying, controlling the pH of transplanting soil to be 7.1-7.5 and the humidity of the transplanting soil to be 30-60% when the seedling height is larger than 5cm, wherein the distance between the seedling plants is 0.8-1.0 m, watering is carried out once in three days after transplanting, the watering is all in the morning, and a large amount of irrigation is carried out within two weeks after planting.
1.2.4 watering and fertilizing at regular intervals, preventing plant diseases and insect pests by adopting a mode of medicament and deinsectization lamp, managing the stems and tendrils to put on shelves, and putting the stems and tendrils on the shelvesFixing the stem on the bracket by the stem pressing buckle, carrying out artificial supplementary pollination in the flowering phase of the plant, and applying mixed fertilizer 500 plus 650kg/667m in the flowering phase2The mixed fertilizer comprises 20 percent of urea, 15 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 20 percent of organic fertilizer, 20 percent of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17 percent of potassium chloride, 1 percent of boron, 1.7 percent of zinc, 0.3 percent of glutamic acid, 0.1 percent of lysine, 0.3 percent of leucine, 0.4 percent of histidine, 1 percent of methionine, 0.5 percent of cystine, 0.8 percent of threonine, 0.2 percent of phenylalanine, 0.7 percent of serine and 1 percent of tryptophan, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of stirring and mixing 20 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of humus soil, 25 parts of fresh cow dung, 23 parts of raw grass and 5 parts of peach kernel, wherein the raw grass comprises 30 percent of Kunlang crab, 50 percent of Bermuda grass and 20 percent of zoysia grass, adding water for wetting during stirring, then piling up for 8 days, inoculating 0.8kg of Square cells to the earthworms, keeping the relative humidity at 50 percent, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, putting the mixture of the earthworms and the manure into a pulverizer for pulverization after the earthworms are fully eaten, obtaining a crushed mixture, crushing melon seedlings to obtain dry melon seedling skin powder, paving a layer of dry melon seedling skin powder with the height of 3-5cm on a fermentation tank as a bottom layer, then stacking the dry melon seedling skin powder layer by layer from bottom to top according to the material type sequence of the crushed mixture, mushroom bran and the dry melon seedling skin powder, wherein the thickness of each layer of material is 20-25cm except the bottom layer, a layer of leavening agent is uniformly applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer, and after 18 days of fermentation, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 8-12 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The cover bag is as shown in figure 1, including the bag body 1, be provided with buffering depressed groove 2 on the bag body 1, the pocket ties up strip 4, ties up knot 5, air vent 6 and delivery port 7, and the pocket ties up strip 4 and sets up the opening part at the bag body 1, and the pocket ties up strip 4 and passes to tie up knot 5 spacing fixed, and air vent 6 sets up on the bag body 1, and buffering depressed groove 2 sets up in one side of the bag body 1, and delivery port 7 sets up the bottom at the bag body 1. The bag body 1 sets up the transparent plastic bag into rectangular shape, can keep the photosynthesis of melon, buffering depressed groove 2 mainly is spacing still hour at the melon, it is spacing with the inner space buffering of sack, make to diminish, it is better spacing to little melon, make the melon grow straighter, the pocket is tied up strip 4 and is tied up knot 5 and set up to can direct chucking structure, buckle structure simultaneously, it is automatic not hard up to prevent the later stage, the condition that the bug enters the damage melon, simultaneously when plucking the melon, the user pushes down to tie up knot 5 and can become flexible, then will overlap the bag and take off the secondary use. The vent hole 6 is used for keeping the melon to ventilate, and the water outlet 7 is used for preventing water from leaking from the bottom when entering from the melon vine or entering from the vent hole 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the binding buckle 5 includes a buckle housing 5.1, a support pier 5.2, a support rod 5.3, a limit inclined plate 5.4, a pull rod 5.5 and a loose position pressing plate 5.6, the buckle housing 5.1 is hollow inside and has an open structure at two ends, one end of the limit inclined plate 5.4 is fixed on the inner side of the buckle housing 5.1 and is obliquely arranged, one end of the pull rod 5.5 is connected with the other end of the limit inclined plate 5.4, the other end of the pull rod 5.5 is connected with the bottom of one end of the loose position pressing plate 5.6, the support pier 5.2 is arranged on the outer side of the buckle housing 5.1, one end of the support rod 5.3 is contacted with the support pier 5.2, the other end of the support rod is connected with the loose position pressing plate 5.6, and the loose position pressing. Spacing swash plate 5.4 mainly blocks post pocket and ties up strip 4, then when picking the melon and need untie the cover bag, presses down the one end of pine position clamp plate 5.6, and the other end of pine position clamp plate 5.6 pulls up the front end of spacing swash plate 5.4, has removed the screens of tying up strip 4 with the pocket, has realized loosening fast, then can take off the cover bag and leave to use next time, ties up and detain 5 and use plastic materials and make.
The pocket binding strip 4 comprises a binding strip body 4.1 and a limiting tooth 4.2, wherein the limiting tooth 4.2 is arranged on one side of the binding strip body 4.1, penetrates through the buckle shell body 5.1 and is arranged in a clamping manner with a limiting inclined plate 5.4. The pocket binding strip 4 is of a plastic structure, and the binding strip body 4.1 and the limiting teeth 4.2 are integrally arranged.
The outer side of the pocket of the bag body 1 is provided with a plurality of limiting belts 3, and the pocket binding strip 4 penetrates through the plurality of limiting belts 3. The limiting belt 3 is mainly a limiting pocket binding strip 4, so that the bag can always exit from the bag opening, and the requirements of quick sealing and opening loosening are met. The limiting belt 3 is made of plastic and is arranged integrally with the bag body 1, and meanwhile, the material is the same.
As shown in fig. 3, the buffer recessed groove 2 includes a recessed groove 2.1, a rear side pocket layer 2.2 and a front side pocket layer 2.3, and the inner side of the front side pocket layer 2.3 is recessed into the inner side of the rear side pocket layer 2.2 to form the recessed groove 2.1. The thickness of rear side bag layer 2.2 and front side bag layer 2.3 is bigger than the thickness of the other places of the bag body 1, thickness is other three times, from the effect that can form the hard shell body, in rear side bag layer 2.2 is gone into to the card of front side bag layer 2.3, still when the melon is than small, the left position is left the position of the less spacing melon of less, make it has spacing straightness length all around, but when the melon grow, because the tension of both sides, rear side bag layer 2.2 and front side bag layer 2.3 can be loosened by the tension of melon, then the melon can continue to grow again, do not influence growing all around of melon.
The buffer concave grooves 2 are provided with a plurality of rows, each row comprises three buffer concave grooves 2, and the distance between the buffer concave grooves 2 in each row gradually increases from the pocket to the bottom. The spacing main of buffering depressed groove 2 is when the melon is little, consequently is mainly the spacing of front end, and the rear end can slowly become sparsely, can reduce the cost, does not have the change effect simultaneously again.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of sowing tomatoes and growing seedlings in the middle ten days of 9 months, transplanting tomato seedlings in 10-11 months, carrying out watering and fertilizing management on the tomato seedlings from 12 months to 4 months in the next year, removing withered and yellow leaves with spots, harvesting fruits, cleaning tomato vines, keeping hedges inserted in the field when the tomatoes are planted, growing silk gourd seedlings in the last ten days of 3 months, planting summer loofah to the roots of the tomato seedlings in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, planting the loofah in summer without ploughing and building frames, saving cost, carrying out land preparation without turning over, directly planting the loofah on the tomato vines after cleaning the tomato vines, carrying out fertilizing management on the summer loofah in 4-5 months, spraying selenium increasing liquid when the young loofah grows for 4-5cm, using bags to cover the young loofah, improving commodity rate of the loofah, harvesting in 6-8 months, releasing the bags and leaving the young loofah for use for the next time, airing, disinfecting, carrying out land preparation in 10 months, carrying out autumn and winter, this is repeated.
2. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the specific process of tomato seedling culture comprises the following steps:
selecting big fruit tomato or cherry tomato from autumn and winter tomato, selecting big fruit tomato of roller, Euler, roller powder or Shuangfei No. 8, selecting special or broad-spectrum seedling culture medium for registered solanaceous vegetables, selecting standard seedling culture plug tray with 72 holes, sterilizing the medium according to 1m3Adding 70% of bactericide, namely zinc wettable powder 60g or 50% of carbendazim soluble powder 40g into a seedling raising substrate, uniformly mixing, covering 2-3 d with a clean plastic film, lifting the film, then filling the film into a plug tray for standby, sprinkling water on the plug tray substrate one day before sowing, dibbling the exposed seeds on the plug tray, sowing one seed in each plug tray, covering the sterilized substrate with the thickness of 1-1.5 cm after sowing, uniformly sprinkling water after sowing, keeping the substrate moist during seedling raising, not applying fertilizer during seedling raising, applying 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution for 1-2 times if the seedlings are weak, performing acclimatization for one week before the seedlings are out of the nursery, performing ventilation at noon and uncovering the film to acclimatize the seedlings when the temperature is above 12 ℃.
3. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the specific process of transplanting tomato seedlings is as follows:
ploughing soil deeply for 25-30 cm, drying for 7-10 d, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer, raking, making into furrow with furrow surface width of 100-150 cm and height of 20-30 cm, furrow with width of 30-40 cm, and making a fertilizing furrow with depth of 15cm in the middle of furrow surface;
applying base fertilizer, applying 200-500 kg/667m of organic fertilizer2Uniformly spreading the N-P-K ternary compound fertilizer 15-15-1510kg/667m before harrowing2～15kg/667m2Uniformly applying the N-P-K ternary compound fertilizer into a prepared fertilizing ditch and covering soil;
arranging a dropper and covering a mulching film, paving the prepared dropper in the middle of the fertilized furrow surface, covering a silver ash and black agricultural double-color mulching film, burying and pressing the peripheral films with soil in the black surface, and preventing wind and preserving moisture;
during field planting, field planting is carried out in the afternoon or in the cloudy day in the sunny day, the field planting can be carried out all day when the air temperature is stable above 15 ℃, and the field planting density is each 667m22000 to 2800 permanent planting plants.
4. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the specific process of the tomato watering and fertilizing management comprises the following steps:
watering root after planting, keeping soil moist during growth period, starting topdressing after blooming, topdressing for 2 times per month, wherein the fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, and the dosage is 5kg/667m each time2～7.5kg/667m2；
When the plant grows to 30cm, erecting and tying vine, tying vine for 3-4 times in the whole growing period, and planting the whole branch with the density of 2000 plants/667 m2Double-rod pruning is adopted, and the planting density is 2800 plants/667 m2The single-rod pruning is suitable;
preserving flowers and fruits, pollinating at 8: 00-10: 00 a day in the early flowering phase of tomato growth, dipping flowers with 10-20 mg/L2, 4D solution or 2.5% tomatidine 25-50 mg/L when the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, wherein the concentration is inversely proportional to the air temperature; when 2-3 flowers bloom, the flower is sprayed to the flower stem by a small handheld sprayer, the flower is not sprayed to young leaves and tender tips for 4-6 days, and repeated spraying is not needed, so that abnormal fruits are avoided;
thinning fruits, namely selecting 4 fruits per ear of a variety with the single fruit mass of 180-250 g, selecting 4 fruits per ear of a variety with the single fruit mass of 120-180 g, selecting 4-5 fruits per ear of a variety with the single fruit mass, and removing diseased fruits, malformed fruits and undersize fruits without thinning fruits for cherry tomato types.
5. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the specific process of culturing the cucumber seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting varieties with early maturity, more melons, good commodity and strong resistance, namely, Guiguan No. 5, Yueyou No. 2, Xiajou No. 6, Huangguan No. 3, longevity and sweetness No. 2 or Xihui No. 12, accelerating germination and raising seedling in 3-month-late ten days, putting seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for natural cooling and soaking for 4-6 hours, then putting the seeds in an environment at 28-35 ℃ for accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a 72-hole tray after exposure to the white, sowing one seed in each hole, covering the sterilized substrate with thickness of 1-1.5 cm after sowing, uniformly watering after sowing, keeping the substrate wet during the seedling raising, and adopting melon seedling raising substrate.
6. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofahs according to claim 5, characterized in that: the specific process of planting the summer towel gourds comprises the following steps:
spraying a scarifier at the root of a tomato seedling before transplanting, transplanting 5-8 days after spraying, controlling the height of a seedling to be more than 5cm during transplanting, the distance between the seedlings to be 0.8-1.0 m, the pH of transplanting soil to be 7.1-7.5, the humidity of the transplanting soil to be 30-60%, watering once three days after transplanting, watering all morning, and irrigating a large amount within two weeks after planting.
7. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the specific process of the fertilization management of the summer towel gourd is as follows:
watering and fertilizing at regular intervals, preventing plant diseases and insect pests by adopting a medicament and insect killing lamp mode, managing the stems and tendrils to enable the stems and tendrils to be put on a rack, fixing the stems and tendrils on the rack through a stem pressing buckle, carrying out artificial auxiliary pollination in the flowering phase of the plants, and applying mixed fertilizer 500kg/667m in the flowering phase2The mixed fertilizer comprises 20 percent of urea, 15 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 20 percent of organic fertilizer, 20 percent of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17 percent of potassium chloride, 1 percent of boron, 1.7 percent of zinc, 0.3 percent of glutamic acid, 0.1 percent of lysine, 0.3 percent of leucine, 0.4 percent of histidine, 1 percent of methionine, 0.5 percent of cystine, 0.8 percent of threonine, 0.2 percent of phenylalanine, 0.7 percent of serine and 1 percent of tryptophan, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of stirring and mixing 20 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of humus soil, 25 parts of fresh cow dung, 23 parts of raw grass and 5 parts of peach kernel, wherein the raw grass comprises 30 percent of strychnine, 50 percent of bermuda grass and 20 percent of zoysia grass, adding water for wetting during stirring, then piling up for 8 days, inoculating 0.8kg of square root to the earthworms, keeping the relative humidity at 50 percent, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, and after the earthworms are fully eaten, mixing the earthworms and the manureCrushing in a crusher to obtain a crushed mixture, crushing melon seedlings to obtain dry melon seedling skin powder, paving a layer of dry melon seedling skin powder with the height of 3-5cm on a fermentation tank as a bottom layer, stacking the crushed mixture, the mushroom bran and the dry melon seedling skin powder layer by layer from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the thickness of each layer of the materials except the bottom layer is 20-25cm, a layer of leavening agent is uniformly applied to the contact surface among different material types of each layer, and after fermenting for 18 days, uniformly mixing and fermenting for 8-12 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
8. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the cover bag is including the bag body (1), its characterized in that: the bag body (1) is provided with a buffer concave groove (2), a pocket binding strip (4), a binding buckle (5), an air vent (6) and a water outlet (7), the pocket binding strip (4) is arranged at an opening of the bag body (1), the pocket binding strip (4) penetrates through the binding buckle (5) to be fixed in a limiting mode, the air vent (6) is arranged on the bag body (1), the buffer concave groove (2) is arranged on one side of the bag body (1), and the water outlet (7) is arranged at the bottom of the bag body (1).
9. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: tie up knot (5) including detaining casing (5.1), support mound (5.2), bracing piece (5.3), spacing swash plate (5.4), pull rod (5.5) and pine position clamp plate (5.6), it sets up to inside hollow to detain casing (5.1), and both ends open structure, spacing swash plate (5.4) one end is fixed on detaining casing (5.1) inboard, and the slope sets up, pull rod (5.5) one end is connected with spacing swash plate (5.4) other end, pull rod (5.5) other end is connected with the one end bottom of pine position clamp plate (5.6), support mound (5.2) set up in the outside of detaining casing (5.1), bracing piece (5.3) one end contact sets up again on mound (5.2), the other end is connected with pine position clamp plate (5.6), the outside setting of casing (5.1) is detained in parallel to pine position clamp plate (5.6).
10. The no-tillage rotation method for southern open field autumn and winter tomatoes and summer loofah as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: pocket tie strip (4) are including the tie strip body (4.1) and spacing tooth (4.2), spacing tooth (4.2) set up the one side at the tie strip body (4.1), and pass and detain casing (5.1), set up with spacing swash plate (5.4) screens, the outside of the pocket department of the bag body (1) is provided with a plurality of spacing bands (3), pocket tie strip (4) pass a plurality of spacing bands (3), buffering depressed groove (2) are including depressed groove (2.1), rear side bag layer (2.2) and front side bag layer (2.3), the inboard cover of front side bag layer (2.3) is absorbed in the inboard of rear side bag layer (2.2) and is formed depressed groove (2.1), buffering depressed groove (2) are provided with a plurality of rows, each includes three buffering depressed groove (2), the interval between each row of buffering depressed groove (2) is from the pocket toward bottom interval grow gradually.
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