CN110776921A - Conditioner for repairing heavy metal chromium-polluted soil and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Conditioner for repairing heavy metal chromium-polluted soil and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a conditioner for remediating heavy metal chromium-contaminated soil, which is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of bean cakes, 3-5 parts of sugar residues, 40-50 parts of corn straws, 20-50 parts of fluorapatite, 5-15 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of a compound microbial agent and 30-50 parts of water; the preparation method comprises the steps of adding urea and sugar residues into water for dissolving, then adding bean cakes, fluorapatite, corn straws and a compound microbial agent for uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6-8, and then stacking and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer; the repairing method comprises the steps of applying the conditioner into a paddy field polluted by heavy metal cadmium, standing for a period of time, and periodically sprinkling water and stirring soil during the period; then, the leersia hexandra swartz is planted, field management is carried out, and the leersia hexandra swartz is harvested. The conditioner disclosed by the invention can effectively improve the activity of metal chromium in the polluted soil, provides fertility support for the planted Leersia hexandra Swartz, and can absorb heavy metal chromium, so that the content of the heavy metal chromium in the soil is obviously reduced, and the aim of restoring farmland soil is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal polluted soil remediation, and particularly relates to a conditioner for remedying heavy metal chromium polluted soil, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural in China, a large amount of pollutants enter the soil environment, which causes serious deterioration of the soil environment quality, especially heavy metal pollution. Heavy metals causing soil pollution mainly comprise As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and the like, heavy metal chromium in soil exceeds the standard due to the irrigation of industrial wastewater in a part of paddy fields in south China, the heavy metal chromium can be absorbed by crop paddy after entering the soil and finally enters food chains to be enriched in human bodies to cause harm, the chromium is heavy metal with high toxicity, the heavy metal easily enters human body cells, damages to internal organs such As liver and kidney and DNA, and the heavy metal is stored in the human bodies to cause carcinogenicity and possibly induce gene mutation. Therefore, there is a need to design a conditioner for soil polluted by heavy metal chromium in paddy fields in south China, a preparation method and application thereof, so as to overcome the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the conditioner for the soil polluted by the heavy metal chromium in the paddy field in the south, and the preparation method and the application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that the conditioner for repairing the soil polluted by the heavy metal chromium is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of bean cakes, 3-5 parts of sugar residues, 40-50 parts of corn straws, 20-50 parts of fluorapatite, 5-15 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of a compound microbial agent and 30-50 parts of water.
Optimally, the conditioner is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of bean cakes, 5 parts of sugar residues, 50 parts of corn straws, 50 parts of fluorapatite, 15 parts of urea, 1 part of compound microbial agent and 50 parts of water.
Optimally, the conditioner is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of bean cakes, 3 parts of sugar residues, 40 parts of corn straws, 20 parts of fluorapatite, 5 parts of urea, 3 parts of compound microbial agents and 30 parts of water.
Furthermore, the soybean cake is a byproduct of soybean or black soybean after oil extraction.
Furthermore, each gram of the compound microbial agent contains 5-10 hundred million of yeast, 3-5 hundred million of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5 hundred million of bacillus licheniformis, 3-10 hundred million of phosphorus bacteria and 8-15 hundred million of actinomycetes.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the conditioner for repairing the soil polluted by the heavy metal chromium, which comprises the steps of firstly adding urea and sugar residues into water, and stirring until the urea and the sugar residues are dissolved; then adding the bean cake, the fluorapatite, the corn straw and the compound microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the pH to 6-8; then stacking and fermenting, turning the stacks once every two days, and stacking for 8 days.
Further, when the material is piled for fermentation, the water content of the mixed material is kept between 45% and 80%.
The invention also provides a method for restoring soil polluted by heavy metal chromium, which comprises the steps of firstly applying the conditioner into a paddy field polluted by heavy metal cadmium, turning over and uniformly mixing, replenishing water until the field water capacity reaches more than 100%, standing for a period of time, periodically sprinkling water during the period to keep the field water capacity and periodically stirring the soil; then, the leersia hexandra swartz is planted, field management is carried out, and the leersia hexandra swartz is harvested.
Furthermore, the planting distance of the Leersia hexandra Swartz is 20cm multiplied by 20 cm-25 cm multiplied by 25cm, and 5-8 plants are planted in each hole.
Further, the application amount of the conditioner is 200-300 kg/mu.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the conditioner is prepared by fermenting bean cakes, vinasse, urea, phosphate rock powder and cellulose, is rich in humus, and the humus can activate heavy metal chromium adsorbed on the surface of soil, so that the activity of the heavy metal chromium is enhanced, and the absorption of the plant Leersia hexandra Swartz is more favorably repaired, so that the total amount of the heavy metal chromium in the soil is more thoroughly reduced, the physical property of the soil can be improved, the soil environment is improved, and the good soil environment is more favorable for repairing the growth of the plant Leersia hexandra Swartz. The pH value of the conditioner is 6-8, so that part of southern acid soil can be obviously improved, the pH value of the soil is effectively improved, the growth of plants can be repaired more easily, and the conditioner is particularly suitable for southern paddy fields.
According to the invention, the conditioner prepared by fermenting bean cakes, vinasse, urea, phosphate rock powder and cellulose is applied to the paddy field polluted by heavy metal cadmium, so that the heavy metal chromium can be activated and adsorbed more tightly in soil, the absorption efficiency of Leersia hexandra Swartz is increased, and then the Leersia hexandra Swartz which is a super-enrichment plant of the heavy metal chromium is planted, so that the heavy metal chromium in the polluted soil can be effectively absorbed; meanwhile, the conditioner can also effectively improve the soil fertility, provide necessary fertility for repairing the planting of the Leersia hexandra Swartz plant and promote the growth of the Leersia hexandra Swartz, thereby absorbing more heavy metal chromium and achieving the aim of repairing the farmland soil.
The restoring plant Leersia hexandra Swartz used in the invention is a heavy metal chromium-enriched plant, also called blighted shell grass, is a gramineae weed, is a perennial herbaceous plant, is widely distributed, grows in lakes, marshes, ditches, ponds and other water, and also grows in accumulated wetlands at rivers and fields. The Leersia hexandra Swartz generally emerges in 4-5 months, tillering in 5-6 months, jointing in 6 months, heading in 7-8 months, flowering and caryopsis mature. Leersia hexandra Swartz has super strong heavy metal chromium absorption capacity, and the average chromium content in the blade can reach 1786.9 mg/kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the conditioner is prepared by fermenting bean cakes, sugar residues, corn straws, fluorapatite and urea, can effectively improve the activity of metal chromium in the polluted soil and provide fertility support for planted restoration plants, and is a safe and economic farmland polluted soil conditioner;
(2) the restoring method comprises the steps of applying the conditioner to the paddy field polluted by the heavy metal cadmium to activate the heavy metal cadmium, planting the Leersia hexandra plant which is a super-enrichment plant of the heavy metal chromium, effectively absorbing the heavy metal chromium in the polluted soil, and remarkably reducing the content of the heavy metal chromium in the soil, so that the aim of restoring the farmland soil is fulfilled; the method is simple to operate, economical and feasible and easy to popularize;
(3) by adopting the repairing method, the content of heavy metal chromium in the paddy field polluted by the heavy metal chromium can be obviously reduced, the heavy metal chromium is fundamentally prevented from entering grain paddy, and the food safety is ensured;
(4) the conditioner is simple in preparation, the adopted raw materials are ubiquitous, easily available and low in price, and no pollutant exceeds the standard, so that secondary pollution is avoided;
(5) the Leersia hexandra adopted by the restoration method has super-strong heavy metal chromium absorption capacity, has obvious restoration effect on the soil polluted by the metal chromium, and has wide distribution, mature cultivation method and easy popularization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in the content of heavy metal chromium before and after the remediation of 4 heavy metal chromium-contaminated paddy fields in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in the content of heavy metal chromium before and after the remediation of 4 heavy metal chromium-contaminated paddy fields in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a conditioner for repairing heavy metal chromium contaminated soil, which is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of bean cakes, 3-5 parts of sugar residues, 40-50 parts of corn straws, 20-50 parts of fluorapatite, 5-15 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of a compound microbial agent and 30-50 parts of water.
Wherein the bean cake is a byproduct of oil extraction of semen glycines or semen Sojae Atricolor.
Furthermore, each gram of the compound microbial agent contains 5-10 hundred million of yeast, 3-5 hundred million of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5 hundred million of bacillus licheniformis, 3-10 hundred million of phosphorus bacteria and 8-15 hundred million of actinomycetes.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the conditioner for repairing the soil polluted by the heavy metal chromium, which comprises the steps of firstly adding urea and sugar residues into water, and stirring until the urea and the sugar residues are dissolved; then adding the bean cake, the fluorapatite, the corn straw and the compound microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the pH to 6-8; and then stacking and fermenting, keeping the water content of the mixed material at 45-80%, turning the stack once every two days, and stacking for 8 days.
The invention also provides a method for restoring soil polluted by heavy metal chromium, which comprises the steps of firstly applying the conditioner into a paddy field polluted by heavy metal cadmium, turning over and uniformly mixing, replenishing water until the field water capacity reaches more than 100%, standing for a period of time, periodically sprinkling water during the period to keep the field water capacity and periodically stirring the soil; then, the leersia hexandra swartz is planted, field management is carried out, and the leersia hexandra swartz is harvested.
Furthermore, the planting distance of the Leersia hexandra Swartz is 20cm multiplied by 20 cm-25 cm multiplied by 25cm, and 5-8 plants are planted in each hole; the planting density of the restoration plant Leersia hexandra Swartz can be determined according to the pollution degree of the heavy metal chromium polluted soil of the paddy field, and the planting of the restoration plant Leersia hexandra Swartz can be carried out according to the density of 25cm multiplied by 25cm per mu and the mode of planting 5 plants per hole. For the paddy fields with serious heavy metal chromium pollution, the planting of the restoring plant Leersia hexandra Swartz can be carried out according to the density of 20cm multiplied by 20cm at most per mu in a mode of planting 8 plants per hole, so as to achieve the best and most economic restoring effect.
Further, the application amount of the conditioner is 200-300 kg/mu; the application amount of the conditioner can be determined according to the pollution degree of the heavy metal chromium polluted soil of the paddy field, 200kg of the conditioner can be added at the lowest rate per mu, and 300kg of the conditioner can be added at the highest rate per mu for the paddy field seriously polluted by the heavy metal chromium, so that the best and most economic repairing effect can be achieved.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a conditioner for repairing heavy metal chromium-polluted soil, which is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of bean cakes, 5 parts of sugar residues, 50 parts of corn straws, 50 parts of fluorapatite, 15 parts of urea, 1 part of compound microbial agent and 50 parts of water. Wherein, each gram of the compound microbial inoculum contains 10 hundred million of yeast, 5 hundred million of azotobacter, 2 hundred million of lichen spore bacteria, 3 hundred million of phosphorus bacteria and 15 hundred million of actinomycetes.
The embodiment also provides a method for repairing heavy metal chromium-polluted soil, wherein a conditioner which is completely fermented is prepared according to the formula, 4 pieces of low-pollution paddy fields with different heavy metal chromium pollution concentrations are selected in total, the heavy metal chromium concentration of the low-pollution paddy fields is 300-450mg/kg, the area specification of each low-pollution paddy field is 5m multiplied by 5m, the conditioner is applied to the polluted paddy fields according to 200 kg/mu, the polluted paddy fields are ploughed and uniformly mixed, water is supplemented until the field capacity reaches more than 100%, the polluted paddy fields are placed for about 30 days, water is periodically sprayed during the period to keep the field capacity, and the soil is periodically stirred; then planting the restoration plant Leersia hexandra Swartz, planting 5 plants in each hole at the planting interval of 25cm multiplied by 25cm, performing field management, and harvesting the Leersia hexandra Swartz. Generally, sowing is carried out at the bottom of 3 months, sampling detection is carried out on the polluted soil when the plant to be repaired grows to 8 months, and the repairing effect is evaluated.
The sampling detection results are shown in fig. 1, the content of heavy metal chromium in 4 polluted rice fields is obviously reduced, and compared with that before restoration, the content of heavy metal chromium in soil is averagely reduced by more than 12%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a conditioner for repairing heavy metal chromium-polluted soil, which is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of bean cakes, 3 parts of sugar residues, 40 parts of corn straws, 20 parts of fluorapatite, 5 parts of urea, 3 parts of compound microbial agents and 30 parts of water. Wherein, each gram of the compound microbial inoculum contains 5 hundred million of yeast, 3 hundred million of azotobacter, 5 hundred million of lichen spore bacteria, 10 hundred million of phosphorus bacteria and 8 hundred million of actinomycetes.
The embodiment also provides a method for repairing heavy metal chromium-polluted soil, the conditioner which is completely fermented is prepared according to the formula, 4 high-polluted rice fields with different heavy metal chromium pollution concentrations are selected in total, the heavy metal chromium concentration of the low-polluted rice field is 650mg/kg, the area specification of each low-polluted rice field is 5m multiplied by 5m, the conditioner is applied to the polluted rice fields according to 300 kg/mu, the polluted rice fields are ploughed and uniformly mixed, water is supplemented until the field capacity reaches more than 100%, the polluted rice fields are placed for about 30 days, water is periodically sprayed during the period to keep the field capacity, and the soil is periodically stirred; then planting the restoration plant Leersia hexandra Swartz, planting 8 plants in each hole at the planting interval of 20cm multiplied by 20cm, performing field management, and harvesting the Leersia hexandra Swartz. Generally, sowing is carried out at the bottom of 3 months, sampling detection is carried out on the polluted soil when the plant to be repaired grows to 8 months, and the repairing effect is evaluated.
The sampling detection results are shown in fig. 2, the content of heavy metal chromium in 4 polluted rice fields is obviously reduced, and compared with that before restoration, the content of heavy metal chromium in soil is averagely reduced by more than 18%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The conditioner for repairing heavy metal chromium contaminated soil is characterized by being prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of bean cakes, 3-5 parts of sugar residues, 40-50 parts of corn straws, 20-50 parts of fluorapatite, 5-15 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of a compound microbial agent and 30-50 parts of water.
2. The conditioner for remediating heavy metal chromium-contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein the conditioner is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of bean cakes, 5 parts of sugar residues, 50 parts of corn straws, 50 parts of fluorapatite, 15 parts of urea, 1 part of compound microbial agent and 50 parts of water.
3. The conditioner for remediating heavy metal chromium-contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein the conditioner is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of bean cakes, 3 parts of sugar residues, 40 parts of corn straws, 20 parts of fluorapatite, 5 parts of urea, 3 parts of compound microbial agents and 30 parts of water.
4. The conditioner for remediating soil contaminated by heavy metal chromium as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the soybean cake is a byproduct of oil extraction of soybean or black soybean.
5. The conditioner for remediating soil contaminated by heavy metal chromium as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each gram of the compound microbial agent contains 5-10 hundred million of yeast, 3-5 hundred million of azotobacter, 2-5 hundred million of bacillus licheniformis, 3-10 hundred million of phosphorus bacteria and 8-15 hundred million of actinomycetes.
6. A preparation method of the conditioner for remediating heavy metal chromium-contaminated soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the conditioner comprises the following steps: firstly, adding urea and sugar residues into water, and stirring until the urea and the sugar residues are dissolved; then adding the bean cake, the fluorapatite, the corn straw and the compound microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the pH to 6-8; then stacking and fermenting, turning the stacks once every two days, and stacking for 8 days.
7. The preparation method of the conditioner for remediating heavy metal chromium-contaminated soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and when the mixture is piled up for fermentation, keeping the water content of the mixture at 45-80%.
8. A method for restoring soil polluted by heavy metal chromium is characterized by comprising the following steps: applying the conditioner as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 into a paddy field polluted by heavy metal cadmium, turning over, uniformly mixing, replenishing water until the field water capacity reaches more than 100%, standing for a period of time, periodically sprinkling water to maintain the field water capacity and periodically stirring the soil during the period; then, the leersia hexandra swartz is planted, field management is carried out, and the leersia hexandra swartz is harvested.
9. The method for remediating heavy metal chromium-contaminated soil as recited in claim 8, wherein: the planting distance of the Leersia hexandra Swartz is 20cm multiplied by 20 cm-25 cm multiplied by 25cm, and 5-8 plants are planted in each hole.
10. The method for remediating heavy metal chromium-contaminated soil as recited in claim 8, wherein: the application amount of the conditioner is 200-300 kg/mu.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114031461A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-11 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112441857A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-03-05 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Passivating agent for heavy metal chromium pollution of paddy fields in south China and preparation method thereof |
| CN114031461A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-11 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice and preparation method and application thereof |
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