CN106398703A - Technology for in-situ remediation of cadmium mildly/moderately polluted paddy fields - Google Patents
Technology for in-situ remediation of cadmium mildly/moderately polluted paddy fields Download PDFInfo
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- CN106398703A CN106398703A CN201610697110.7A CN201610697110A CN106398703A CN 106398703 A CN106398703 A CN 106398703A CN 201610697110 A CN201610697110 A CN 201610697110A CN 106398703 A CN106398703 A CN 106398703A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for in-situ remediation of cadmium mildly/moderately polluted paddy fields. Aiming at cadmium mildly polluted paddy fields, the technology comprises applying a conditioner to soil according to 100-300kg per mu, carrying out turning for uniform mixing, and carrying out standing, irrigation and rice transplanting. Aiming at cadmium moderately polluted paddy fields, the technology comprises before conditioner addition, according to a mass ratio of an extraction agent to the soil of 0.2-1.0: 100, applying the extraction agent to the soil, carrying out turning for uniform mixing, carrying out irrigation, turning, standing and water discharge, and carrying out irrigation, turning, standing and water discharge again. The technology has a paddy field cadmium removal rate of 20-50%, and realizes the rice cadmium content reaching the food hygiene standards (GB2715-2005) (with total cadmium content less than 0.2mg/kg).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice terrace administers field and in particular to a kind of in-situ immobilization cadmium is light, the work of intermediate pollution rice terrace
Skill.
Background technology
The pollution main source of Cadmium in Soil is industrial waste gas, waste residue, the diffusion of cadmium, sedimentation and accumulation, sewage in waste water
Irrigate, mud applies fertilizer and containing applying in a large number for a long time of cadmium material used for agriculture etc..What in soil, the cadmium of high-load was serious have impact on water
The growth of the crops such as rice and quality, and rice is entered by plant absorption, then human body is entered by food chain, in human body
Constantly accumulate, thus causing various diseases, serious harm is to health.
(2011) China is subject to farmland area about 27.8 ten thousand hm of cadmium pollution according to statistics2, produce cadmium content every year exceeded
Nearly 14.6 hundred million kg of field crop agricultural product.Every bio-toxicity big and there is latency, persistency and irreversibility, in soil
Middle than other heavy metals be easier adsorbed by plant.The harm of cadmium pollution mainly has the following aspects
(1) toxic effect to Oryza sativa L. for the cadmium
Cadmium ion can suppress the activity of protease and peptidase in During Rice Seed Germination, thus suppressing sending out of rice paddy seed
Bud.The stress of cadmium can accelerate the aging of root-tip cells to cause rice leaf chlorosis, the thinning, cell division of the Oryza sativa L. that bleaches, suppresses,
Thus the photosynthesis rate affecting Oryza sativa L. leads to Oryza sativa L. growing way to be stagnated or teratogenesis.
(2) toxic effect to human body for the cadmium
Cadmium enters human body by food chain, is mainly collected among liver, kidney, pancreas, thyroid and skeleton, makes kidney, bone
There are pathological changes in the organ-tissues such as bone, and cause neuralgia and endocrine disturbance, makes bone growth metabolism that obstacle to occur, causes osteodynia
Disease, osteomalacia, osteoporotic generation.Cadmium is defined as 1A level carcinogen by international cancer institute, the mankind is clearly caused
Cancer, can cause the malignant tumor of the organs such as kidney, lung, prostate, testis.
The cadmium pollution soil recovery technique commonly used at present has Agro-ecology repairing method, biological restoration, chemical fixation, pouring
Wash repairing method, electro reclamation etc..Wherein, biological restoration has processing cost low to can reach higher clean water equality excellent
Point, but required repairing efficiency is longer, and contaminated type limits larger；Electro reclamation high cost, operation equipment complex engineering are huge
Greatly, it is unfavorable for large area repair；Elution method cost is larger, easily cause secondary pollution, destroy Soil structure.Chemical fixation is existing
The soil remediation method that stage is commonly used, but existing chemical fixation can not reduce the total amount of Cadmium in Soil, and also some are solid
Determine agent and there is secondary pollution in itself, long-term fixed effect is unstable.Therefore in the urgent need to finding a kind of suitable rice terrace cadmium pollution
The method repaired.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the requirement that single stabilization method difficult to reach in prior art reduces cadmium content from total amount, and drenches
Method of washing destroys serious etc. present situation to soil property, there is provided a kind of simple to operate, and cost is rationally it is easy to implement, subject range
Extensively, pH impact original on soil is little, and remediation efficiency is high, and effect is more stable, and the original position that in rice terrace, cadmium content effectively reduces is repaiied
Multiple cadmium is light, the technique of intermediate pollution rice terrace.
A kind of in-situ immobilization cadmium is light, the technique of intermediate pollution rice terrace, for cadmium slight pollution rice terrace, carries out following place
Reason：Apply conditioner, mix homogeneously of turning over by 100-300kg/ mu soil；
Standing, pours water, rice transplanting；
Described conditioner includes A, B, C tri- part, and A is organic matter, leaven, microbial bacterial agent；B is flyash, humic
Hydrochlorate, biomass carbon, containing phosphatic manure, activation red mud；C is bentonite, iron powder；A, B, C tri- part by weight 20～30：20～
40：40～60 mix homogeneously, obtain final product.
For cadmium intermediate pollution rice terrace, before adding conditioner, first carry out following process：
(1) pressing with the mass ratio of described soil is 0.2-1.0:100 administration extractants, mix homogeneously of turning over；
(2) pour water, turn over, standing, draining；
(3) pour water again, turn over, standing, draining；
Wherein, described extractant is one or more of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or ammonium chloride.
In above-mentioned before processing, preferably moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace turned over, crush, reject the foreign bodies such as grass roots, branch.
The present invention further includes following preferred technical scheme：
Preferably in scheme, described part A is by weight：Organic 70～90 parts, 1～10 part of leaven, microorganism
5～30 parts of microbial inoculum.
Preferably in scheme, part B is by weight：20～30 parts of flyash, 10～30 parts of humate, biomass carbon
20～30 parts, containing 20～30 parts of phosphatic manure, granule activates 10～20 parts of red mud, 1～5 part of chitin.
Preferably in scheme, C portion by weight, 40～60 parts of bentonite, 40～60 parts of iron powder.
Preferably in scheme, standing 1-2 days in described step (2).
Preferably in scheme, standing 1-2 days in described step (3).
Preferably in scheme, after adding conditioner, stand 2-7 days.
Preferably in scheme, Cd content 0.3-0.6mg/kg in cadmium slight pollution rice terrace；In moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace,
Cd content 0.6-0.9mg/kg.
Preferably in scheme, described water irrigating depth 10-15cm, draining degree：Naturally drain, expose soil.
Preferably in scheme, for the soil of cadmium intermediate pollution, extractant 2～3 seasons of administration in a manner described filling draining,
After rice transplanting, the cadmium in soil substantially reduces, and before next rice transplanting, applies soil conditioner in season, more normal rice transplanting.
Preferably in scheme, the preparation process of part A is：By organic matter, leaven, microbial bacterial agent mix homogeneously, spray
Water makes its moisture content 20～30%, and heap corruption obtains semi-decomposed organic matter, then pelletize for 72～144 hours, dries standby.
Preferably in scheme, described activation red mud granule is prepared by the following method and obtains：By weight, red mud 70～80
Part, organic 20～30 parts, 3～6 parts of magnesium chloride；5.0～8.0mol/L hydrochloric acid and water, red mud, magnesium chloride mixing add
The water of its gross weight 30-50%, mix homogeneously, addition hydrochloric acid, mix homogeneously again, after reacting 3～8 hours, solid-liquid separation, again
Add water 2-3 time, after adding water, carry out solid-liquid separation, gained solid is dried at 100～150 DEG C, milled 60 mesh sieves, obtain final product activation red
Mud base；By base material and 60 mesh sieve organic by weight 60～75：25～40 mixing, add account for mixture total weight 15～
25% water, after mix homogeneously, pelletize.
Activation red mud dredging inner passage, adds pelletize after organic mix homogeneously, has very excellent absorption property.
Preferably in scheme, the particle diameter of described activation red mud granule is 0.5～2.0mm.
Preferably in scheme, will be standby after dry granulation to part B and C portion.
Described organic be preferably straw crushing thing, maize cob meal minces, in leaveves, peanut cake, soybean cake, plant ash one
Plant or several.
Described leaven is preferably commercially available organic fertilizer fermentation bacterium.
Described flyash is preferably that thermal power plant wet method is discharged, through air slaking in more than a year, for improved soil
Flyash.
Described humate is preferably one of potassium humate, sodium humate, ammonium humate.
Described biomass carbon is preferably straw carbon, rice hull carbon, coconut shred charcoal, coconut husk charcoal, palm shell charcoal, peanut shell charcoal, Semen Juglandiss
One or more of shell charcoal or chestnut shell charcoal.
Described microbial bacterial agent is preferably specific function microorganism (viable count 108～1012Individual/gram) or commercially available silicate
Microbial inoculum (viable count >=109Individual/gram).
Described " specific function microorganism " refers to the active flora that the tolerance target contaminant specially tamed is repaired.Silicic acid
Salt microbial inoculum is also referred to as biological potassium fertilizer.
Described containing phosphatic manure be preferably calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, dalcium biphosphate, calcium superphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or
One of ammonium phosphate.
Described chitin is preferably shrimp, Eriocheir sinensiss chitin.
Described red mud is preferably the waste residue that sintering process and/or alumina producing Bayer process produce.
Described bentonite is preferably sodium bentonite or calcium-base bentonite.
Described iron powder is preferably micrometer level porous reduced iron powder.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
For the present invention is directed to the relatively general soil of rice terrace, water content is higher, and the property of soil and composition difference are relatively
Greatly, existing method and technique is used cannot to reduce Cadmium in Soil content, the presence of cadmium in rice terrace can be huge to human body generation
It is proposed that a kind of simple, efficiently, the in-situ immobilization cadmium effectively reducing cadmium content in rice terrace is light, moderate is dirty for the present situation of big impact
The technique of dye rice terrace.The present invention combine rice terrace special nature, turn over fertilising and carry out simultaneously, do not affect normally to cultivate and
Plant growth.Whole process does not need main equipment, only can be completed with some basic farming apparatuses, operation sequence is simple.
Extractant using the present invention can extract the cadmium of water-soluble state and exchange state in rice terrace, and conditioner used is to remaining in rice terrace
Cadmium plays the role of stabilisation, it is possible to decrease the biological effectiveness of cadmium, stops the absorption to the cadmium in soil for the plant root, thus stoping
Cadmium passes through transfer into plant body and in seed for the plant root, can increase the fertility of soil simultaneously, improves Soil Microorganism
Total amount and activity.
The present invention passes through technique and the coordinated of used medicament, effectively can not only tie with rice cultivation process
Close, processing cost is low, and risk is little, and the cadmium that can efficiently reduce on the premise of not affecting rice terrace soil property in rice terrace contains
Amount, brings extraordinary economy and environmental benefit.Using this technique, light to cadmium, intermediate pollution soil carries out the reparation in 2-3 season
Afterwards, in rice terrace, the clearance of cadmium reaches 20-50%, and the cadmium in rice can reach《Grain sanitary standard》(GB2715-
2005) (total cadmium is less than 0.2mg/kg), is conducive to paddy growth, safeguards health.
The main component ferrum of extractant used in the present invention and conditioner, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus are in plant growing and soil
Important element, rice field of will not feeding water after being added in rice terrace is brought secondary pollution, is conducive to paddy growth.The present invention is made
Extractant and conditioner are all neutral salt and natural mineral matter, pH are affected less, by the technique of the present invention, this season water
Rice just can reach《Grain sanitary standard》(GB2715-2005) Oryza glutinosa limitation below 0.2mg/kg.
Additionally, in the conditioner of the present invention not only be rich in Si, Ca, Fe, Mg and considerable amount of micro no element, have higher suction
Attached activity, water absorption and porosity, heavy metal has absorption, passivation, can improve the retentiveness of soil, conditioning soil
PH, improved soil.And the content of organic matter of soil can be significantly improved, improve Soil structure, improve Water and fertilizer retention ability of soil, this
Outward, while effective prevention root system of plant Adsorption of Heavy Metals, the utilization ratio of soil N P, K can be improved, improve and make produce
Amount.Moreover, the present invention also can reduce the acidity of soil and the toxicity of heavy metal on plants ,-COOH ,-COH that surface is enriched
The surface negative charge producing with oxygen-containing functional groups such as-OH can improve the sun of soil from exchange capacity, and the pore structure of height also may be used
Increase voidage and the water holding capacity of soil, strengthen the carbon solidification effect of soil, existence and breeding farm can be provided for microorganism simultaneously
Institute.Additionally, the present invention also can increase crop yield simultaneously, accelerate cereal crops tiller, promote young fringe differentiation, grouting and seed
Full, improve the resistance such as crop drought resistance, cold-resistant and salt resistance alkali.The conditioner of the present invention has preferable absorption and ion exchange
Performance, heavy metal has certain adsorption effect.The amino containing, hydroxyl isopolarity group have alkalescence and hygroscopicity, play
The effect of absorption, ion exchange, chelating and acid-alkali accommodation.Suppression heavy metal passes through plant root into plant body and in seed
Transfer；Meanwhile, this conditioner can also reduce bio-toxicity in soil for the heavy metal.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Described conditioner preparation example is as follows：
1) each component of part A is counted by weight, organic：Leaven：Microbial bacterial agent=80：5：15, mix homogeneously,
Water spray makes mixed material moisture content about 25%, rotten 120 hours of room temperature heap, forms semi-decomposed organic matter, makes in rotary drum granulator
Grain, the granule of prepared particle diameter about 3mm, dries standby.
2) activate red mud：Count by weight, red mud 70%, organic 25%, magnesium chloride 5%, hydrochloric acid 5.0mol/L,
Water.By red mud, magnesium chloride mixing, add the water of its gross weight 40%, mix, add hydrochloric acid, then mix, normal-temperature reaction is after 5 hours,
Solid-liquid separation, adds water 2 times, stirs, and carries out solid-liquid separation after standing, and gained solid is dried at 120 DEG C, milled 60 mesh
Sieve, is obtained activation red mud base material；By base material and 60 mesh sieve organic by weight 75：25 mixing, add water and account for mixture total weight
20%, after fully mixing, pelletize in rotary drum granulator, the activation red mud granule of prepared 0.8mm particle diameter.
3) each component of part B is counted by weight, flyash：Humate：Biomass carbon：Containing phosphatic manure：Activation red mud：
Chitin=25：20：20：20：13：2, after mix homogeneously, dry granulation is carried out using roll-in control technology, prepared particle diameter is about
The granule of 3mm, standby.
4) each component of C portion is counted by weight, bentonite：Iron powder=50：50, dry method is carried out using roll-in control technology
Pelletize, the granule of prepared particle diameter about 3mm, standby.
5) A, B, C portion by weight 25：25：50 uniformly mix, and obtain final product conditioner.
Embodiment 2
Certain suburbs water paddy soil, cadmium concentration 0.82mg/kg are taken in this experiment.Take 5kg soil sample to be crushed to 2cm, load
The plastic containers of 20L, add 50g calcium chloride, mix homogeneously, add 10L water, stir, after soaking 1 day discharge water
(water sample is 1.), reinjects 10L water, stirs, draining (water sample is 2.) after soaking 1 day, takes 10g soil sample (soil sample to be checked
1.), then stir, while adding conditioner described in 7g embodiment 1, after stirring, standing takes 10g after 3 days again
Soil sample (soil sample is 2.) to be checked.
After testing soil sample 1. middle cadmium concentration be 0.51mg/kg, clearance be 37.94%；The leaching concentration of soil sample 2. cadmium<
0.005mg/L, the curing degree of cadmium is>95%.
Water sample 1. cadmium concentration 0.101mg/L, water sample 2. cadmium concentration 0.033mg/L.
Embodiment 3
The initial concentration of certain township's Oryza sativa L. model field Cadmium in Soil is 0.37mg/kg, takes this soil 5kg, is crushed to particle diameter and is less than
2cm.Load the plastic containers of 20L, add a small amount of water by soil moistening, add conditioner described in 5g embodiment 1, be sufficiently stirred for all
After even, standing takes 10g soil sample to be checked after 3 days again.
The leaching concentration of soil sample cadmium after testing<0.002mg/L, the curing degree of cadmium is>95%.
Comparative example 1
Not cultivating with reference to Oryza sativa L., does not carry out pouring water, draining, and remaining is processed according to embodiment 2, total in result soil
Cadmium content is constant.
Comparative example 2
It is directly added into conditioner, is added without calcium chloride, remaining is processed according to embodiment 2, result goes out total cadmium in earth and contains
Amount is constant, and in Oryza sativa L., cadmium content is high.
Comparative example 3
In processing procedure, except calcium chloride addition is less than 0.2 relative to soil：Outside 100, remaining is carried out according to embodiment 2
Process, in result soil, total cadmium content range of decrease is less.
Comparative example 4
In processing procedure, in addition to conditioner addition is less than 100kg/ mu, remaining is processed according to embodiment 2, knot
In fruit Oryza sativa L., the cadmium content range of decrease is less.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of in-situ immobilization cadmium is light, intermediate pollution rice terrace technique it is characterised in that for cadmium slight pollution rice terrace,
Carry out following process：
Apply conditioner, mix homogeneously of turning over by 100-300kg/ mu soil；
Standing, pours water, rice transplanting；
Described conditioner includes A, B, C tri- part, and A is organic matter, leaven, microbial bacterial agent；B be flyash, humate,
Biomass carbon, containing phosphatic manure, granule activate red mud, chitin；C is bentonite, iron powder；A, B, C tri- part by weight 20～
30：20～40：40～60 mix homogeneously, obtain final product.
2. in-situ immobilization according to claim 1 is light, moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace technique is it is characterised in that for cadmium
Intermediate pollution rice terrace, before adding conditioner, first carries out following process：
(1) pressing with the mass ratio of described soil is 0.2-1.0:100 administration extractants, mix homogeneously of turning over；
(2) pour water, turn over, standing, draining；
(3) pour water again, turn over, standing, draining；
Wherein, described extractant is one or more of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or ammonium chloride.
3. in-situ immobilization according to claim 1 is light, moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace technique is it is characterised in that described A portion
Divide by weight：Organic 70～90 parts, 1～10 part of leaven, 5～30 parts of microbial bacterial agent.
4. in-situ immobilization according to claim 3 is light, the technique of moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace is it is characterised in that part B is pressed
Weight portion meter：20～30 parts of flyash, 10～30 parts of humate, 20～30 parts of biomass carbon, containing 20～30 parts of phosphatic manure,
Grain 10～20 parts of red mud of activation, 1～5 part of chitin.
5. in-situ immobilization according to claim 4 is light, the technique of moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace is it is characterised in that C portion is pressed
Weight portion meter, 40～60 parts of bentonite, 40～60 parts of iron powder.
6. in-situ immobilization according to claim 2 is light, moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace technique is it is characterised in that described step
Suddenly standing 1-2 days in (2).
7. in-situ immobilization according to claim 2 is light, moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace technique is it is characterised in that described step
Suddenly standing 1-2 days in (3).
8. in-situ immobilization according to claim 1 is light, moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace technique is it is characterised in that described quiet
Time of putting is 2-7 days.
9. the in-situ immobilization according to any one of claim 1-8 is light, the technique of moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace, and its feature exists
In Cd content 0.3-0.6mg/kg in cadmium slight pollution rice terrace；In moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace, Cd content 0.6-0.9mg/
kg.
10. the in-situ immobilization according to any one of claim 1-8 is light, the technique of moderate cadmium pollution rice terrace, and its feature exists
In, described water irrigating depth 10-15cm, draining degree：Naturally drain, expose soil.
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| CN107663133A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-02-06 | 哈尔滨碧清环境工程股份有限公司 | Cadmium complex medicament and preparation method thereof and application method in one kind passivation soil |
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| CN108326024A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-27 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | A kind of cadmium pollution soil Opsonizing method inhibiting cadmium accumulation for paddy rice |
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| CN111630970A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-08 | 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 | Restoration process of salinized soil and application thereof |
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