A kind of cadmium pollution soil renovation agent and using method thereof and application
Technical field:
The present invention relates to soil pollution recovery technique field, be specifically related to a kind of cadmium pollution soil renovation agent and make
Use methods and applications.
Technical background:
Heavy metal pollution of soil the most gradually becomes the focal issue of public concern.
" whole nation Soil Pollution Investigation publication " within 2014, is announced aobvious according to Environmental Protection Department and Ministry of Land and Resources
Show: whole nation soil environment situation totally allows of no optimist, and some areas soil pollution is heavier, arable soil environment matter
Amount causes anxiety, industry and mining discarded ground soil environment outstanding problem.The human activity such as industry and mining, agricultural and soil ring
Border background value height is to cause soil pollution or the main cause exceeded standard.The whole nation total exceeding standard rate of soil is 16.1%,
Wherein slight, slight, moderate and serious pollution point position ratio are respectively 11.2%, 2.3%, 1.5% and 1.1%.
Pollution type is based on inorganic type, and organic type takes second place, and compound pollution proportion is less, and inorganic pollution exceeds standard a little
Figure place accounts for the 82.8% of all super punctuation bits.
From polluting in terms of distribution situation, soils in south china pollutes and overweights the north;Yangtze River Delta, the Delta of the Pearl River, east
The subregion soil contamination problem such as old industrial bases, north are the most prominent, and southwest, variable charge soil heavy metal surpass
Mark scope is bigger;Cadmium, hydrargyrum, arsenic, 4 kinds of level of inorganic contaminants distributions of lead present from northwest to the southeast, from east
The situation that north gradually rises to southwestward.
Major pollutants are cadmium, nickel, copper, arsenic, hydrargyrum, lead, clofenotane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.If it is complete with second time
State's soil survey result is as the criterion, and China's arable land latest data is 2,030,770,000 mu and calculates, middle serious pollution
Cultivated area accounts for 2.9%, has reached 58,890,000 mu.
Administering method currently for heavy metal pollution of soil mainly has immobilization/stabilisation, elution method, washes soil
Method, electromotion repairing technique method, chemical reduction method, phytoremediation, microorganism remediation.But overall existence repairs effect
The problems such as rate is low, processing cost is high.
Therefore, it is necessary to learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses from existing various methods, a kind of soil remediation medicament of invention.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved be to provide a kind of prepare be simple and convenient to operate, effective cadmium dirty
Contaminate soil-repairing agent and using method thereof and application.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of cadmium pollution soil renovation agent, it is characterised in that:
The described percentage by weight repairing each raw material of medicament is:
Biomass carbon 30-50%;
Iron powder 10-20%;
Plant ash 10-20%;
Sodium sulfide 10-20%;
Zeolite 10-20%;
Described biomass carbon is with the mixture of straw and calcium oxide as raw material, described straw and the matter of calcium oxide
Amount than be 20:1, system pressure be 20kPa, pyrolysis temperature be 500 DEG C under conditions of vacuum pyrolysis 30min,
The pressed powder that particle diameter is below 3mm obtained by milled processed;
Described iron powder is less than the particulate matter of the ferrum of 1mm;
Described plant ash be straw or Caulis et Folium Oryzae burning after produce residual solids;
Described sodium sulfide, zeolite are respectively the pressed powder of below 2mm.
Further, in described renovation agent, the mass percent of each raw material is:
Biomass carbon 40%;
Iron powder 15%;
Plant ash 15%;
Sodium sulfide 15%;
Zeolite 15%.
The using method of the present invention a kind of cadmium pollution soil renovation agent, comprises the following steps:
(1) take containing cadmium pollution soil sample, use " soil quality Available Lead and Cadmium detrmination atomic absorption method "
The content of available Cd during the detection method of regulation measures pedotheque in (GB/T 23739-2009);
(2) according to testing result, cadmium pollution soil in mass ratio: repair medicament=50~200:1 adds reparation medicament,
It is sprinkled upon pending soil surface by repairing the uniform shakedown of medicament;
(3) use the mode of stirring of turning over pending soil is connected the reparation medicament stirring mixing spilt on its upper berth 3 times with
On, form mixed soil, add water and keep the water content of mixed soil more than 50%;
(4) on mixed soil, plastic foil is covered, the reparation medicament that maintenance makes in mixed soil for more than 3 days and a huge sum of money
The cadmium belonged in contaminated soil fully reacts and stabilisation;
(5) content of available Cd in sample detecting mixed soil.
The present invention---a kind of cadmium pollution soil renovation agent and using method thereof and application, with reference to " soil environment quality
Standard " (GB15618-1995), use single factor contaminant index assessment method, cadmium pollution soil is repaired
Administer.Compared with prior art, the reparation medicament of the present invention has that preparation method is simple, feasible, regulation effect
Good advantage.
Relative to prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1, the biomass carbon in renovation agent is obtained by vacuum pyrolysis biomass, the life prepared under vacuum
Material charcoal porosity is high, and adsorptive value is high;With biomass such as straws as raw material, make full use of resource, it is to avoid because of it
Burning causes environmental pollution.The yield promoting straw charcoal during vacuum pyrolysis by adding calcium oxide increases
Adding, the biomass carbon obtained by vacuum pyrolysis, have specific surface area big, duct is enriched, and easily absorption is all kinds of heavy
Metal ion, reduces the concentration of animal migration heavy metal ion in soil;Calcium oxide in the biomass carbon prepared is certainly
Body can make soil pH value improve soil surface negative charge to be increased, thus the affinity of soil heavy metal increases;The opposing party
Face pH value raises, and is also beneficial to the existence of MOH+ and improves the adsorbance of heavy metal ion, promotes in soil simultaneously
Heavy metal forms hydroxide or combined state precipitation or co-precipitation.
2, sodium sulfide can form stable chemical form with exchangeable cadmium ionic reaction, stops its environmental transport and transfer
And diffusion, reduce heavy metal murder by poisoning degree in the environment.
3, the addition of zeolite can improve soil physico-chemical property well, is greatly enhanced the permeability of soil, is having water
Soil environment in, promote that other components are disperseed in soil, to greatest extent with soil haptoreaction.
4, the reducing property of iron powder is high, can be reduced by bivalence cadmium, soluble in water, low price;
5, repair the plant ash in medicament and effectively regulate the nutrient in soil, improve soil;Simultaneously as
Alkaline matter has synergism to restoring cadmium polluted;
Said components gives full play to synergism, by reducing, precipitate, adsorb, improve, regulating pH value, makes
Obtain available Cd leaching rate in soil to be substantially reduced.
Detailed description of the invention:
The preparation embodiment 1 of reparation medicament:
With the mixture of straw and calcium oxide as raw material, the mass ratio of described straw and calcium oxide is 20:1, at body
Be pressure be 20kPa, pyrolysis temperature be 500 DEG C under conditions of vacuum pyrolysis 30min, obtained by milled processed
To the pressed powder that particle diameter is below 3mm;
Obtain the particle diameter iron powder less than 1mm;
The plant ash generated after obtaining straw burning;
Obtain particle diameter less than the sodium sulfide of 2mm, zeolite powder;
Weigh according to mass percent:
Biomass carbon 40%;
Iron powder 15%;
Plant ash 15%;
Sodium sulfide 15%;
Zeolite 15%;
Then mix homogeneously, prepares gained and repairs medicament.
The preparation embodiment 2 of reparation medicament:
With the mixture of straw and calcium oxide as raw material, the mass ratio of described straw and calcium oxide is 20:1, at body
Be pressure be 20kPa, pyrolysis temperature be 500 DEG C under conditions of vacuum pyrolysis 30min, obtained by milled processed
To the pressed powder that particle diameter is below 3mm.
Obtain the particle diameter iron powder less than 1mm;
The plant ash generated after obtaining straw burning;
Obtain particle diameter less than the sodium sulfide of 2mm, zeolite powder;
Weigh according to mass percent:
Biomass carbon 50%;
Iron powder 20%;
Plant ash 10%;
Sodium sulfide 10%;
Zeolite 10%.
Then mix homogeneously, obtains repairing medicament.
The preparation embodiment 3 of reparation medicament:
With the mixture of straw and calcium oxide as raw material, the mass ratio of described straw and calcium oxide is 20:1, at body
Be pressure be 20kPa, pyrolysis temperature be 500 DEG C under conditions of vacuum pyrolysis 30min, obtained by milled processed
To the pressed powder that particle diameter is below 3mm.
Obtain the particle diameter iron powder less than 1mm;
The plant ash generated after obtaining straw burning;
Obtain particle diameter less than the sodium sulfide of 2mm, zeolite powder;
Weigh according to mass percent:
Biomass carbon 30%;
Iron powder 10%;
Plant ash 20%;
Sodium sulfide 20%;
Zeolite 20%.
Then mix homogeneously, obtains repairing medicament.
The renovation agent application detailed description of the invention of embodiment 1-3 gained and technique effect:
300 kilograms of cadmium pollution soils take from Hengyang, Hunan Province farmland.
(1) " soil quality Available Lead and Cadmium detrmination atomic absorption method " (GB/T 23739-2009) is used
It is 32.56mg/kg that the detection method of middle regulation measures available Cd content in pedotheque.
(2) 300 kilograms of cadmium pollution soils are divided into three equal parts, every equal portions 100 kilograms, extract respectively
Each 2 kilograms of the reparation medicament be given in embodiment 1-3, is sprinkled upon pending by repairing the uniform shakedown of medicament respectively
The surface of 100 kilograms of soil;
(3) use the mode of stirring that pending soil connects the reparation medicament stirring spilt on its upper berth to mix 3 times
Above, form mixed soil, add water and keep the water content of mixed soil more than 50%;
(4) covered with plastic film on mixed soil, maintenance 3 days, allow reparation medicament in mixed soil with
Cadmium in heavy-metal contaminated soil fully reacts, sufficient stabilization;
(5) content of the soil available Cd of difference sample detecting embodiment 1-3 application, in soil effectively
State cadmium content the results are shown in Table 1, is satisfied by two grades of agricultures in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995)
With the requirement of soil.
The renovation agent application result of table 1 embodiment 1-3 gained