CN109628101B - Soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of organic contaminated soil remediation, and relates to a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, which comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-85% of wheat straw biochar, 5-20% of urea, 3-15% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 5-35% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-15% of pasty rhamnolipid and 85-97% of distilled water. The invention provides a preparation method of the soil remediation agent, which comprises the steps of mixing wheat straw biochar prepared by cracking with urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and fly ash, and then crushing to obtain a solid powder medicament; dispersing pasty rhamnolipid in distilled water to obtain liquid preparation. The invention provides the application of the soil remediation agent, which is to apply the solid powder agent and the liquid agent into the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil in sequence, stir uniformly, replenish water and place. The soil remediation agent can enhance the degradation capability of local petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and reduce the content of petroleum hydrocarbon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic contaminated soil remediation, and particularly relates to a soil remediation agent for dry farmland polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Petroleum is used as an important energy source, blood of modern economy, the consumption of petroleum rises year by year along with the rapid development of daily life, industrial production, aerospace military industry and the like, and various leakage accidents in the processes of processing, transporting, storing and utilizing petroleum also cause petroleum hydrocarbon pollution of soil. The farmland soil is the basis for acquiring food and other available resources by human beings, in recent years, many accidents that the farmland soil is polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon occur, after the petroleum hydrocarbon enters the soil, the soil environment quality is influenced in various aspects, on one hand, the accumulation of the petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil can cause the soil pore blocking, block the breathing and absorption of plant root systems, cause the root systems to rot and influence the growth of the plant root systems, and meanwhile, the petroleum hydrocarbon can be enriched in the plants and finally enters the human body through a food chain to cause environmental risks and human health risks; on the other hand, petroleum hydrocarbons that are not adsorbed by the soil may infiltrate into the ground and contaminate the ground water, increasing the scope of contamination, thereby having a wide impact on many levels of the human living environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a safe and economic soil remediation agent for dry farmland polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon, a preparation method and application thereof, which can effectively reduce the content of the petroleum hydrocarbon in the dry farmland soil and fundamentally prevent the petroleum hydrocarbon from entering plants in the dry farmland.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme of the invention is a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-85% of wheat straw biochar, 5-20% of urea, 3-15% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 5-35% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-15% of pasty rhamnolipid and 85-97% of distilled water.
Further, the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-80% of wheat straw biochar, 5-15% of urea, 5-10% of dipotassium phosphate and 5-30% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of pasty rhamnolipid and 90-95% of distilled water.
Further, the particle size of the solid powder medicament is 100-200 meshes.
Preferably, the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of wheat straw biochar, 10% of urea, 5% of dipotassium phosphate and 5% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of pasty rhamnolipid and 95% of distilled water.
Preferably, the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of wheat straw biochar, 15% of urea, 5% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 30% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of pasty rhamnolipid and 90% of distilled water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying wheat straws, cutting the wheat straws into small sections with the length of 1-2cm, putting the wheat straws into a crucible, covering the crucible with a crucible cover, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace at the temperature of 250-350 ℃, cracking the wheat straws for 3-5 hours, taking out the wheat straws, cooling the wheat straws, and sieving the wheat straws with a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain the wheat straw biochar;
(2) weighing urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, fly ash and the wheat straw biochar, uniformly mixing according to a certain mass percentage, crushing, and sieving with a 100-fold 200-mesh sieve to prepare the solid powder medicament;
(3) and (3) fully dispersing pasty rhamnolipid in distilled water according to a certain mass percentage to prepare the liquid medicament.
The invention provides the application of the soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, when in use, the solid powder agent is applied to the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil and is uniformly stirred, and then the liquid agent is applied to the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil and is uniformly stirred; then water is supplemented until the water holding capacity of the soil is kept between 55 and 65 percent, and the soil is placed for 25 to 30 days.
Further, the dosage of the solid powder medicament is 1-3% of the mass of the soil, and the dosage of the liquid medicament is 1-2% of the mass of the soil.
The design principle of the soil remediation agent is as follows:
the restoring agent for the petroleum hydrocarbon pollution of the farmland dry land soil comprises a solid powder agent and a white milky liquid agent; wherein the solid powder medicament comprises wheat straw biochar, urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and fly ash;
the carbon content of the wheat straw biochar is high, the soil fertility can be effectively improved, and the wheat straw biochar can be used as a carbon source of microorganisms and is utilized by the microorganisms; the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can fully utilize the carbon source provided by the biochar, can quickly grow and reproduce, improve the abundance and more effectively finish the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading process;
the wheat straw biochar can effectively improve the soil environment, and particularly can obviously improve the ventilation condition; because most of the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria are aerobic bacteria, the activity of the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can be further improved in a good aerobic environment, and meanwhile, short-chain petroleum hydrocarbon fully degraded by the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can be volatilized into the atmosphere in a good soil environment;
the addition of the urea and the dipotassium phosphate can provide a nitrogen source, phosphorus and potassium required by the growth of the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, and the optimum proportion of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can be provided by adjusting the proportion of the solid powder medicament in combination with the original nutrient content of soil, so that the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can play a role more effectively and degrade pollutants;
the fly ash is an alkaline substance, so that the pH value of the soil can be increased, the using amount of the fly ash is properly adjusted in the using process of the repairing agent, the pH value of the soil is controlled to be 7-8.5, and a good weak alkaline environment is provided for the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria to degrade the petroleum hydrocarbon; the use amount of fly ash can be increased in farmland petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil with strong acidity, and the rising of pH can activate the activity of part of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria;
the restoring agent for the petroleum hydrocarbon pollution of the farmland dry land soil comprises a white milky liquid agent besides a solid powder agent;
the preparation process of the white milky liquid medicament comprises the steps of fully dispersing 5-10 wt% of pasty rhamnolipid into 90-95 wt% of distilled water, and using the white milky liquid medicament as required;
the rhamnolipid is used as a common surfactant, can enhance the degradation capability of microorganisms, and can play a certain solubilizing and dispersing role on petroleum hydrocarbon after being added into soil, so that the desorption of the petroleum hydrocarbon from the surface of soil sediment particles is accelerated, and the petroleum hydrocarbon with high mobility can be more fully utilized and degraded by petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria.
The raw materials for preparing the repairing agent are ubiquitous and easily available, all the raw materials are commonly applied in various industries, and the repairing agent has no secondary pollution to the environment and is low in price; the repairing agent with different proportions can be used according to different pollution degrees of the soil polluted by the dry farmland, so that the repairing agent is economical and feasible and is more flexible to apply in the repairing application of the soil polluted by the petroleum hydrocarbon in the dry farmland.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the soil remediation agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of the petroleum hydrocarbon in the dry farmland soil, fundamentally prevents the petroleum hydrocarbon from entering the plants in the dry farmland, and has the advantages of low cost, simple manufacturing process, simple operation, easy popularization and the like;
(2) the soil remediation agent provided by the invention can enhance the degradation capability of local petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in the soil polluted by the petroleum hydrocarbon in the dry farmland, remarkably reduce the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon, prevent the petroleum hydrocarbon from entering crops, fundamentally prevent the petroleum hydrocarbon from entering a food chain and ensure the food safety;
(3) the soil remediation agent provided by the invention utilizes scientific proportioning of various raw materials, and the activity and abundance of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria are promoted by mixed use, so that the soil polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon farmlands is remediated;
(4) the soil remediation agent provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials are common and easy to obtain, no pollution and standard exceeding are caused, and no secondary pollution is caused;
(5) the soil remediation agent provided by the invention is suitable for the soil of the dry farmland polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon with different pollution degrees, and remediation agents with different proportions can be applied according to actual conditions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows the change of petroleum hydrocarbon content in each section of the soil after adding a remediation agent to the dry farmland petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated loam soil in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the change of the content of petroleum hydrocarbon in each section of the soil after the remediation agent is added to the dry farmland petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated loam soil in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-85% of wheat straw biochar, 5-20% of urea, 3-15% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 5-35% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-15% of pasty rhamnolipid and 85-97% of distilled water. The soil remediation agent provided by the invention can enhance the degradation capability of local petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in the soil polluted by the petroleum hydrocarbon in the dry farmland, remarkably reduce the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon, prevent the petroleum hydrocarbon from entering crops, fundamentally prevent the petroleum hydrocarbon from entering a food chain and ensure the food safety.
Further, the particle size of the solid powder medicament is 100-200 meshes. The solid powder medicament of the soil remediation agent provided by the embodiment has the granularity of 100-200 meshes after being crushed, and the white emulsion medicament is required to be fully and uniformly mixed and used as the medicament when being prepared.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying wheat straws, cutting the wheat straws into small sections with the length of 1-2cm, putting the wheat straws into a crucible, covering the crucible with a crucible cover, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace at the temperature of 250-350 ℃, cracking the wheat straws for 3-5 hours, taking out the wheat straws, cooling the wheat straws, and sieving the wheat straws with a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain the wheat straw biochar;
(2) weighing 5-20% of urea, 3-15% of dipotassium phosphate, 5-35% of fly ash and 40-85% of the wheat straw biochar according to a certain mass percentage, uniformly mixing, crushing, and sieving with a 100-fold 200-mesh sieve to obtain the solid powder medicament;
(3) weighing 3-15% of pasty rhamnolipid according to a certain mass percentage, and fully dispersing in 85-97% of distilled water to prepare the liquid medicament.
The raw materials for preparing the repairing agent are ubiquitous and easily available. All raw materials are generally applied in various industries, have no secondary pollution to the environment and are low in price. The repairing agent with different proportions can be used according to different pollution degrees of the soil polluted by the dry farmland, so that the repairing agent is economical and feasible and is more flexible to apply in the repairing application of the soil polluted by the petroleum hydrocarbon in the dry farmland.
The invention provides the application of the soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, when in use, the solid powder agent is applied to the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil and is uniformly stirred, and then the liquid agent is applied to the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil and is uniformly stirred; then water is supplemented until the water holding capacity of the soil is kept at 55-65%, the soil is placed for 25-30 days, water is sprayed once every three days to keep the water content of the soil, and the soil is turned and stirred once every 5 days.
Further, when the soil remediation agent provided by the invention is used for remedying the dry farmland polluted by the petroleum hydrocarbon, 1-3% of solid powder agent and 1-2% of white emulsion agent are applied according to the soil pollution condition and the soil mass percentage.
According to the difference of the soil pollution degree, 1 percent of solid powder medicament and 1 percent of white milky liquid medicament in percentage by mass of the soil can be added at the lowest, namely, each ton of repairing agent can repair 50 tons of polluted soil. For the soil of dry farmland with serious petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, 3 percent of solid powder medicament and 2 percent of white emulsion medicament in percentage by mass of the soil can be added at most, namely each ton of repairing agent can repair 20 tons of polluted soil. Therefore, the proportion of the remediation agent can be changed aiming at the soil with different pollution degrees, so as to achieve the best and most economic remediation effect, and the soil after remediation cannot generate secondary pollution due to the addition of the remediation agent.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of wheat straw biochar, 10% of urea, 5% of dipotassium phosphate and 5% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of pasty rhamnolipid and 95% of distilled water.
The soil remediation agent provided by the embodiment repairs the soil polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon, and the method for measuring the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil after remediation comprises the following steps: applying a solid powder medicament according to 2 percent of the mass of the soil, applying a white milky liquid medicament according to 1 percent of the mass of the soil, uniformly mixing the medicaments in the proportion with a certain amount of loam soil in sequence, putting the loam soil into a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) box, adding water to adjust the water content of the soil to be about 60 percent of the field water capacity, standing the loam soil at room temperature, supplementing water in time during the test period, stirring the soil once every 5 days, taking a soil sample after the test starts for 30 days, and detecting the content of each segment of petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil. In addition, a blank (CK) was prepared by adding an equal amount of distilled water.
After the repairing agent is applied, the content of petroleum hydrocarbon in each section of soil is obviously reduced, as shown in figure 1, compared with a blank control, the content of petroleum hydrocarbon with carbon chain length of C6-C9 in loam soil is reduced by 70%, the content of petroleum hydrocarbon with carbon chain length of C10-C14 is reduced by 37%, the content of petroleum hydrocarbon with carbon chain length of C15-C28 is reduced by 54%, and the content of petroleum hydrocarbon with carbon chain length of C29-C36 is reduced by 62%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of wheat straw biochar, 15% of urea, 5% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 30% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of pasty rhamnolipid and 90% of distilled water.
According to the method for measuring the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon in example 1, the solid powder agent is added in an amount of 3% by mass of the soil, and the white emulsion agent is added in an amount of 2% by mass of the soil, and as a result, the petroleum hydrocarbon content in the soil is significantly reduced after the remediation agent is applied to the viscous soil, as shown in fig. 2, compared with the blank control, the petroleum hydrocarbon with the carbon chain length of C6-C9 is reduced by 61%, the petroleum hydrocarbon with the carbon chain length of C10-C14 is reduced by 32%, the petroleum hydrocarbon with the carbon chain length of C15-C28 is reduced by 54%, and the petroleum hydrocarbon with the carbon chain length of C29-C36 is reduced by 68% in the viscous soil after the remediation agent of the present example is applied.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of wheat straw biochar, 15% of urea, 10% of dipotassium phosphate and 35% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: pasty rhamnolipid 3% and distilled water 97%.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85% of wheat straw biochar, 5% of urea, 3% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 7% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of pasty rhamnolipid and 85% of distilled water.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 53% of wheat straw biochar, 20% of urea, 7% of dipotassium phosphate and 20% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of pasty rhamnolipid and 88% of distilled water.
The contents of petroleum hydrocarbon in each section of the soil after remediation are shown in table 1 by the method for measuring the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon in example 1 by applying a solid powder agent in an amount of 1% by mass of the soil and applying a white milky liquid agent in an amount of 1% by mass of the soil to remediate the clay, loam and sandy soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon using the soil remediation agents provided in examples 1 to 5, respectively.
The petroleum hydrocarbon content of each segment of clay, loam and sandy soil before remediation is shown in table 2.
It can be seen from the combination of tables 1 and 2 that the soil remediation agent provided by the embodiments 1-5 of the present invention can significantly reduce the content of petroleum hydrocarbon in each section of soil after the soil remediation agent is used for respectively remediating the clay, loam and sandy soil polluted by the petroleum hydrocarbon; the soil remediation agent provided by the embodiment 1 has a good remediation effect on loam soil, and the soil remediation agent provided by the embodiment 2 has a good remediation effect on clay and sandy soil.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, which is characterized in that: comprises a solid powder medicament and a liquid medicament; the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-85% of wheat straw biochar, 5-20% of urea, 3-15% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 5-35% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-15% of pasty rhamnolipid and 85-97% of distilled water.
2. The soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-80% of wheat straw biochar, 5-15% of urea, 5-10% of dipotassium phosphate and 5-30% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of pasty rhamnolipid and 90-95% of distilled water.
3. The soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the solid powder medicament is 100-200 meshes.
4. The soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of wheat straw biochar, 10% of urea, 5% of dipotassium phosphate and 5% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of pasty rhamnolipid and 95% of distilled water.
5. The soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the solid powder medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of wheat straw biochar, 15% of urea, 5% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 30% of fly ash; the liquid medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of pasty rhamnolipid and 90% of distilled water.
6. A method of preparing a soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, including the steps of:
(1) cleaning and drying wheat straws, cutting the wheat straws into small sections with the length of 1-2cm, putting the wheat straws into a crucible, covering the crucible with a crucible cover, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace at the temperature of 250-350 ℃, cracking the wheat straws for 3-5 hours, taking out the wheat straws, cooling the wheat straws, and sieving the wheat straws with a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain the wheat straw biochar;
(2) weighing urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, fly ash and the wheat straw biochar, uniformly mixing according to a certain mass percentage, and crushing to prepare the solid powder medicament;
(3) and (3) fully dispersing pasty rhamnolipid in distilled water according to a certain mass percentage to prepare the liquid medicament.
7. Use of the soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: when in use, the solid powder medicament is applied to the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil and is uniformly stirred, and then the liquid medicament is applied to the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil and is uniformly stirred; then water is supplemented until the water holding capacity of the soil is kept between 55 and 65 percent, and the soil is placed for 25 to 30 days.
8. The use of the soil remediation agent for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as recited in claim 7, wherein: the dosage of the solid powder medicament is 1-3% of the mass of the soil, and the dosage of the liquid medicament is 1-2% of the mass of the soil.
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| CN110846047A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-28 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Remediation agent for soil polluted by chlorine-containing organic pesticide in paddy field, preparation method and application |
| CN113072946A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-07-06 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Agent for in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111363555A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 济宁学院 | Improver and method for improving agricultural soil by using coal-based solid waste |
| CN113881441B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-05-10 | 中节能（连云港）清洁技术发展有限公司 | Recycling and harmless treatment process for oil sludge falling to ground, oil sludge biochar and application thereof |
| CN114405990A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 森特士兴环保科技有限公司 | Construction method of organic phosphorus pesticide contaminated soil deodorization-greening composite system |
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