CN111704905A - Soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111704905A CN111704905A CN202010557655.4A CN202010557655A CN111704905A CN 111704905 A CN111704905 A CN 111704905A CN 202010557655 A CN202010557655 A CN 202010557655A CN 111704905 A CN111704905 A CN 111704905A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a soil remediation agent, and belongs to the technical field of soil remediation. The soil repairing agent consists of 40-60% of silicon-containing materials, 30-40% of alkaline substances, 5-10% of calcium carbonate and 5-10% of potassium carbonate, wherein the silicon-containing materials include but are not limited to fly ash and montmorillonite; wherein SiO in the fly ash2The content is more than or equal to 30 percent. The raw materials are fully mixed, ground and sieved, then roasted at high temperature, cooled after roasting is finished, and ground to obtain a finished product. The soil remediation agent prepared by the invention eliminates the risk that the common modified fly ash is easy to cause secondary pollution, reduces the harm of heavy metal pollution, and improves the long-acting property of the remediation effect. The soil repairing agent prepared by the invention contains effective siliconAnd potassium and other nutrient elements are added into farmland soil for remediation, so that heavy metal contaminated soil can be repaired, soil fertility can be improved, plant growth is promoted, remarkable economic benefit is achieved, and the problem of low utilization efficiency of the fly ash is solved. The preparation method is simple, has low technical requirements and has better application scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a preparation method and application of a soil remediation agent.
Background
With the continuous expansion of urban scale and the rapid increase of industrial activities, a large amount of harmful heavy metals enter soil through various ways, and serious heavy metal pollution is brought. According to statistics, the cultivated land area polluted by heavy metals in the soil in China reaches 2000 million hectares, which occupies about 1/5 of the total cultivated land area, the direct economic loss caused by the pollution reaches 200 hundred million yuan, and the loss reaches the top in the world. Because heavy metals are not degradable, the potential toxicity and high durability of the heavy metals not only have serious influence on the harvest and quality of crops, but also can endanger human health through a food chain and have serious threat to human life. Therefore, the remediation and treatment of the soil environment are urgent.
According to the characteristics of heavy metals and the soil pollution condition, the soil heavy metal pollution remediation approaches can be divided into two categories: one is that the heavy metal is directly removed from the soil by physical, chemical or biological methods, so that the concentration of the heavy metal remained in the soil is close to or reaches the background value of the soil, thereby eliminating the harm of the heavy metal; the other type is that an in-situ fixing technology is utilized, a proper soil repairing agent is added into soil, a series of reactions such as adsorption, precipitation, complexation, ion exchange and the like are carried out between the soil and heavy metal ions, and the chemical form of the heavy metal is changed, so that the harm of the heavy metal is reduced. However, the method does not completely remove the heavy metals from the soil, so that the quality requirement of the repairing agent is high in order to ensure the repairing effect of the polluted soil.
The fly ash is a solid waste of modern industries such as power plants, and along with the development of the power industry, the fly ash discharge amount of coal-fired power plants is increased year by year, and the fly ash becomes one of industrial waste residues with larger discharge capacity in China. If a large amount of fly ash is not treated, not only land resources are occupied, but also environmental problems are caused. At present, the fly ash is often applied to building materials, soil improvement materials, mine reclamation materials, mine filling materials and the like. However, the methods have low utilization value of the fly ash, fully develop and utilize fly ash resources, and improve the additional value of the utilization of the fly ash resources, and are problems to be solved urgently in the current high-tech field. Because the total amount of the fly ash in China is large, and the content of the silicon dioxide in the fly ash can reach 30% -60%, the fly ash is used as a raw material to activate silicon and be applied to the restoration of heavy metal pollution, so that the method not only can solve the problem of the disposal of the fly ash, but also can fully utilize resources and change waste into valuables, and has remarkable significance.
Aiming at the problems of large heavy metal pollution area and light degree of farmland soil, the fly ash is used as a raw material to develop an efficient active silicate repairing agent, and the fly ash is used as the repairing agent to carry out repairing and treatment research on the farmland soil polluted by the heavy metal, so that a new way and a new method can be provided for the treatment and the repair of the polluted farmland soil in China.
The main components of the fly ash are mullite and quartzite, the fly ash has a certain adsorption effect on heavy metals, but the effect is limited, the common technical method is to simply mix the fly ash and other materials with a certain passivation effect on the heavy metals to prepare the soil remediation agent, the soil remediation effect is only the simple superposition of various combined materials, the overall remediation effect of the remediation agent is not greatly improved, the utilization efficiency of the fly ash is low, and the soil remediation efficiency is not high. The method for preparing the soil remediation agent by modifying the fly ash can improve the effect of passivating the heavy metals in the soil by the fly ash to a certain extent, but modified organic matters introduced in the modification process have the risk of polluting the soil. In addition, some modified organic matters are easily decomposed in soil, so that the passivation effect of heavy metals is gradually reduced along with the prolonging of time, and the risk of heavy metals reentering the soil is high. Therefore, such methods cannot repair the heavy metal pollution of the soil for a long time. The invention does not introduce organic matters, but increases the adsorption effect of the siliceous material on heavy metals by changing the microporous structure and the surface properties of the siliceous material, and simultaneously improves the adsorption effect and the stability of the siliceous material on the heavy metals and increases the long-acting property of the repairing effect by virtue of the characteristics of stable structure and small interference effect of the silicate material by the external environment.
Based on the factors, the invention develops an efficient silicon-based soil remediation agent by taking the fly ash as a raw material in combination with the properties of the fly ash, is expected to solve the problem of stacking of the fly ash, promotes the growth and development of crops while realizing remediation of heavy metal pollution of soil, and provides a new solution for promoting the growth of crops in farmlands and improving the ecological environment of soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the environmental problem of fly ash stockpiling and the problems of various defects of the existing repairing agent, the invention aims to provide a soil repairing agent which not only has the capability of repairing heavy metal polluted soil, but also has the function of providing nutrient components for the growth of soil crops and has good promotion effect on the growth of plants in soil. The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the heavy metal contaminated soil remediation agent. The method has the advantages of simple operation, convenient implementation and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the soil remediation agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
40-60% of silicon-containing material, 30-40% of alkaline substance, 5-10% of calcium carbonate and 5-10% of potassium carbonate.
Further, the alkaline substance is selected from any one of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
Further, the siliceous material includes, but is not limited to, fly ash, montmorillonite, kaolin, medical stone; and SiO in the silicon-containing material2The content is more than or equal to 30 percent.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing any one of the soil remediation agents, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing a silicon-containing material with an alkaline substance, calcium carbonate and potassium carbonate;
(2) grinding and sieving the mixed materials for later use;
(3) roasting the prepared material at high temperature;
(4) cooling and grinding after the roasting is finished to obtain the finished product.
Further, the material in the step (2) is ground to have a particle size of less than 100 meshes.
Further, when the alkaline substance in the step (3) is sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide, the roasting temperature is 600-700 ℃, and the roasting time is 60 min.
Further, when the alkaline substance in the step (3) is calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate, the roasting temperature is 750-.
Further, the grinding particle size in the step (4) is more than 100 meshes.
The invention also discloses a soil remediation agent prepared by any one of the preparation methods.
The invention also discloses an application of any one of the soil remediation agents or the soil remediation agent prepared by any one of the preparation methods in the field of soil remediation, and the using method comprises the following steps: according to the pollution condition of heavy metals in soil, the fly ash-based soil remediation agent is applied to the soil according to the application amount of 100-200 kg per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the prior art, the soil restoration agent is prepared by simply mixing the fly ash and other materials with certain passivation effect on heavy metals, and the restoration effect on the heavy metals in the soil is only the simple superposition of the passivation effect on the heavy metals by each component, so that the restoration effect is limited. The invention fully utilizes the component characteristics of the silicate in the fly ash, destroys the network structure of the silicate in the fly ash by introducing the activating agent, opens the closed pore passage in the fly ash, changes the micropore structure in the fly ash, and increases the surface activity of the fly ash, thereby obviously increasing the adsorption capacity of the fly ash to heavy metals and improving the remediation effect of the fly ash to heavy metals in soil.
(2) In the prior art, the effect of the modified fly ash on heavy metals is improved, but certain modified organic matters introduced in the modification process have the risk of polluting soil, and meanwhile, the organic matters are easily decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, so that the passivation effect of the heavy metals is gradually reduced along with the prolonging of time, and the risk of the heavy metals entering the soil again is higher. The invention avoids the addition of toxic and harmful substances in the preparation process of the fly ash, and the repairing agent contains effective silicon, effective potassium and other nutrient elements generated by activation, and can improve the soil fertility after being put into soil. In addition, the invention does not introduce any organic matter, but increases the adsorption effect of the siliceous material on heavy metals by changing the microporous structure and the surface property of the siliceous material, fixes the heavy metals by the siliceous material, can ensure that the repairing agent and the heavy metals can be stably combined by virtue of the characteristics of stable structure and small interference effect of the external environment, and are not easily interfered by soil environment change and microbial activity, and the risk of re-releasing the heavy metals into the soil is greatly reduced, so that the siliceous material has long-acting repairing effect on the heavy metals in the soil.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation method of soil remediation agent
(1) 50% of fly ash, 35% of sodium carbonate, 8% of calcium carbonate and 7% of potassium carbonate are fully mixed, wherein SiO in the fly ash2The content is 34%;
(2) grinding and sieving the mixed materials to obtain a powder with the particle size smaller than 100 meshes for later use;
(3) roasting the prepared material at high temperature, wherein the roasting temperature is 640 ℃, and the roasting time is 60 min;
(4) cooling after roasting, and grinding to more than 100 meshes to obtain the finished product.
The using method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps: according to the heavy metal pollution condition of soil, applying the soil remediation agent in the soil according to the application amount of 100-200 kg/mu.
Example 2
Preparation method of soil remediation agent
(1) 50% of fly ash, 35% of sodium hydroxide, 8% of calcium carbonate and 7% of potassium carbonate are fully mixed, wherein SiO in the fly ash2Content (wt.)36％；
(2) Grinding and sieving the mixed materials to obtain a powder with the particle size smaller than 100 meshes for later use;
(3) roasting the prepared material at high temperature, wherein the roasting temperature is 670 ℃, and the roasting time is 60 min;
(4) cooling after roasting, and grinding to more than 100 meshes to obtain the finished product.
The using method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps: according to the heavy metal pollution condition of soil, applying the soil remediation agent in the soil according to the application amount of 100-200 kg/mu.
Example 3
Preparation method of soil remediation agent
(1) 50% of fly ash, 40% of calcium hydroxide, 5% of calcium carbonate and 5% of potassium carbonate are fully mixed, wherein SiO in the fly ash2The content is 42%;
(2) grinding and sieving the mixed materials to obtain a powder with the particle size smaller than 100 meshes for later use;
(3) roasting the prepared material at high temperature, wherein the roasting temperature is 820 ℃, and the roasting time is 60 min;
(4) cooling after roasting, and grinding to more than 100 meshes to obtain the finished product.
The using method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps: according to the heavy metal pollution condition of soil, applying the soil remediation agent in the soil according to the application amount of 100-200 kg/mu.
Example 4
Preparation method of soil remediation agent
(1) 50 percent of montmorillonite, 45 percent of calcium carbonate and 5 percent of potassium carbonate are fully mixed, wherein SiO in the fly ash2The content is 45 percent;
(2) grinding and sieving the mixed materials to obtain a powder with the particle size smaller than 100 meshes for later use;
(3) roasting the prepared material at high temperature, wherein the roasting temperature is 850 ℃, and the roasting time is 60 min;
(4) cooling after roasting, and grinding to more than 100 meshes to obtain the finished product.
The using method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps: according to the heavy metal pollution condition of soil, applying the soil remediation agent in the soil according to the application amount of 100-200 kg/mu.
Test example 1
The morphological distribution characteristics of farmland soil polluted by certain heavy metal in Guangdong province, which is determined by a BCR method, are shown in Table 1, wherein the farmland soil is a research object, and the main heavy metal pollution factor in the region is lead. Soil remediation was carried out as follows: the water content of the soil is kept at 30% and the depth is 20cm, 250g of the repairing agent (167 kg/mu) is added into the soil according to the adding amount of the repairing agent prepared in the embodiment, the repairing agent is uniformly stirred, and after the repairing agent is maintained for a certain time under natural conditions, relevant detection and analysis are carried out, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 morphological distribution of lead in Guangdong heavy metal contaminated Farmland soil
| Heavy metals | Weak acids can be extracted/accounted for | Reducible state/%) | Oxidizable state/% | Fraction of residue |
| Lead (II) | 10.31 | 50.64 | 13.83 | 25.22 |
TABLE 2 morphological distribution of lead in treated Farmland soil
| Repair material | Repair time | Weak acids can be extracted/accounted for | Reducible state/%) | Oxidizable state/% | Fraction of residue |
| Example 1 | 50d | 2.13 | 33.47 | 22.34 | 42.06 |
| Example 2 | 50d | 2.53 | 35.94 | 20.75 | 40.79 |
| Example 3 | 50d | 2.70 | 34.34 | 21.99 | 40.97 |
| Example 4 | 50d | 2.47 | 35.99 | 21.44 | 40.10 |
| Example 1 | 210d | 1.81 | 33.31 | 22.22 | 42.66 |
| Example 2 | 210d | 2.16 | 35.55 | 20.48 | 41.80 |
| Example 3 | 210d | 2.60 | 33.94 | 21.93 | 41.52 |
| Example 4 | 210d | 2.04 | 35.75 | 21.09 | 41.12 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the ratio of the weak acid extractable state to the reducible state of lead in untreated soil is more than 60%, and the two forms are harmful to plants because they are absorbed by the plants through transformation. As can be seen from Table 2, after the repairing agent of the invention is added, the ratio of the extractable state to the reducible state of the weak acid is greatly reduced, the ratio of the residue state is greatly increased, and the migration and the hazard of heavy metals are greatly reduced, which indicates that the repairing agent can effectively reduce the hazard of heavy metals in soil. Meanwhile, comparing the data of 50 days and 210 days of restoration, even if the lead is left for a long time, the change of the lead form is not greatly changed, and the restoration effect of the heavy metal is not obviously reduced. Compared with the common soil repairing agent, the repairing agent of the invention has better long-acting property.
Test example 2
The morphological distribution characteristics of farmland soil polluted by heavy metal in Hunan province, which is determined by BCR method, are shown in Table 3, wherein the farmland soil is a research object, and the main heavy metal pollution factor in the region is cadmium. Soil remediation was carried out as follows: the water content of the soil is kept at 30% and the depth is 20cm, 250g of the repairing agent (167 kg/mu) is added into the soil according to the adding amount of the repairing agent prepared in the embodiment, the repairing agent is uniformly stirred, and after the repairing agent is maintained for a certain time under natural conditions, relevant detection and analysis are carried out, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 morphological distribution of cadmium in farmland soil polluted by certain heavy metals in Hunan
| Heavy metals | Weak acids can be extracted/accounted for | Reducible state/%) | Oxidizable state/% | Residue status-％ |
| Cadmium (Cd) | 43.17 | 28.02 | 6.57 | 22.24 |
TABLE 4 morphological distribution of cadmium in Farmland soil after treatment
| Repair material | Repair time | Weak acids can be extracted/accounted for | Reducible state/%) | Oxidizable state/% | Fraction of residue |
| Example 1 | 30d | 28.73 | 20.81 | 12.52 | 37.94 |
| Example 2 | 30d | 27.65 | 21.56 | 14.32 | 36.47 |
| Example 3 | 30d | 29.35 | 19.34 | 13.23 | 38.08 |
| Example 4 | 30d | 28.43 | 21.34 | 12.45 | 37.78 |
| Example 1 | 210d | 27.33 | 20.35 | 12.34 | 39.97 |
| Example 2 | 210d | 25.68 | 20.98 | 14.14 | 39.21 |
| Example 3 | 210d | 28.66 | 17.91 | 12.55 | 40.88 |
| Example 4 | 210d | 27.56 | 20.75 | 12.28 | 39.41 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the ratio of the weak acid extractable state to the reducible state of cadmium in untreated soil is more than 70%, and the two forms are harmful to plants because they are absorbed by the plants through transformation. As can be seen from Table 4, after the repairing agent of the invention is added, the ratio of the extractable state and the reducible state of the weak acid is greatly reduced, the ratio of the residue state is greatly increased, and the migration and the hazard of the heavy metal are greatly reduced, which indicates that the repairing agent can effectively reduce the hazard of the heavy metal in the soil. Meanwhile, the data of 50 days and 210 days of repair are compared, so that the change of the cadmium form is not greatly changed even if the soil repairing agent is placed for a long time, the repairing effect of heavy metal is not obviously reduced, and the repairing agent shows better long-acting property compared with a common soil repairing agent.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The soil remediation agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
40-60% of silicon-containing material, 30-40% of alkaline substance, 5-10% of calcium carbonate and 5-10% of potassium carbonate.
2. The soil remediation agent of claim 1, wherein:
the alkaline substance is selected from any one of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
3. The soil remediation agent of claim 1, wherein:
the siliceous material includes, but is not limited to, fly ash, montmorillonite, kaolin, medical stone;
and SiO in the silicon-containing material2The content is more than or equal to 30 percent.
4. A method of making the soil remediation agent of any one of claims 1-3, comprising:
(1) fully mixing a silicon-containing material with an alkaline substance, calcium carbonate and potassium carbonate;
(2) grinding and sieving the mixed materials for later use;
(3) roasting the prepared material at high temperature;
(4) cooling and grinding after the roasting is finished to obtain the finished product.
5. The production method according to claim 4, wherein:
and (3) grinding the materials in the step (2) to obtain the material with the particle size smaller than 100 meshes.
6. The production method according to claim 4, wherein:
and (3) when the alkaline substance is sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide, the roasting temperature is 600-700 ℃, and the roasting time is 60 min.
7. The production method according to claim 4, wherein:
and (3) when the alkaline substance is calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate, the roasting temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the roasting time is 60 min.
8. The production method according to claim 4, wherein:
and (4) grinding the particles to be more than 100 meshes.
9. A soil remediation agent prepared according to any one of the preparation methods of claims 4 to 8.
10. The use of a soil remediation agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 9 in the field of soil remediation, wherein:
the using method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps: according to the pollution condition of heavy metals in soil, the fly ash-based soil remediation agent is applied to the soil according to the application amount of 100-200 kg per mu.
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| CN114085672A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-25 | 江西师范大学 | Large-particle passivation material with montmorillonite as substrate, preparation method and application |
| CN115228909A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-10-25 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN115353435A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-18 | 陕西亿农上品农业有限公司 | Medical stone-based microbial bacterium compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114085672B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2024-03-15 | 江西师范大学 | Large-particle passivation material with montmorillonite as substrate, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115353435A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-18 | 陕西亿农上品农业有限公司 | Medical stone-based microbial bacterium compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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