CN103435385B - A kind of livestock manure fermented starts agent and using method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of livestock manure fermented starts agent and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103435385B CN103435385B CN201310344831.6A CN201310344831A CN103435385B CN 103435385 B CN103435385 B CN 103435385B CN 201310344831 A CN201310344831 A CN 201310344831A CN 103435385 B CN103435385 B CN 103435385B
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- nitrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of livestock manure fermented and start agent and using method thereof, belong to technical field of quick fermentation.This fermentation starting agent is made up of following raw material: glucose, cellulase, humic acid, urea, medical stone, described glucose: cellulase: humic acid: urea: medical stone=1: 2: 1: 1: 5.During use, this fermentation starting agent is added in composting material and ferments, between yeast phase, at every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour.Fermentation starting agent of the present invention is added in the agricultural wastes such as ight soil, can bring out and promote the microorganism active that nature itself exists, the degraded of accelerating fibers element, reaches the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed to the quick fermentation of the agricultural wastes such as ight soil, and can not cause the excessive loss of nitrogen.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of quick fermentation, especially relate to a kind of livestock manure fermented and start agent and using method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the rapid emergence of China's intensive livestock culture industry, fowl and animal excrement rolls up, and process or mishandling produced problem of environmental pollution cause social common concern.Carrying out composting to agricultural wastes is the mode of advocating both at home and abroad and praising highly, can environmental protect, promote the development of circular agriculture, increase soil fertility and quality.Feces of livestock and poultry produces fertilizer after piling rotten and harmless treatment fast, applies farmland sysrem, realizes the agriculture recycle of waste.But traditional compost treatment exists the shortcomings such as decomposition is slow, innoxious not thoroughly, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is long, can not meet modern intensiveization cultivation and produce the feature that ight soil amount is large, strict to environmental requirement and need the process of ight soil fast and harmless.Therefore, adopt the technology such as physics, chemistry, biology, batch production fast processing is carried out to ight soil and is subject to people and more and more payes attention to and apply.Although there are the decomposing agent commodity that some promote fermentation at present, majority belongs to microniological proudcts, but competence exertion maximum effect under the life condition that the requirement of these microbial inoculums is suitable, while the fast decomposition of promotion muck, there is the problem of nutrient excessive loss, as caused a large amount of decomposition of organic carbon, the excessive loss of ammonia; In addition, cost is higher, and general requirement microbial inoculum adds in the ratio of material 0.5-1 ‰, and material per ton increases cost greatly about about 50-100 unit.Seek and can promote quick composting, do not cause again the method for nutrient loss to seem very urgent.The various decomposer of occurring in nature itself exists, how to transfer natural microorganisms to greatest extent active, at quick decompositions of agricultural wastes such as promotion muck, reach become thoroughly decomposed, innoxious while, do not cause again the excessive loss of rotten maturing process nutrient especially nitrogen, improving fertilizer effect of tunning, is the technical problem that everybody pays close attention to.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of livestock manure fermented to start agent and using method thereof, fermentation starting agent of the present invention, add in the agricultural wastes such as feces of livestock and poultry, can bring out and promote the microorganism active that nature itself exists, reach and the quick fermentation of the agricultural wastes such as ight soil is become thoroughly decomposed, and the excessive loss of nitrogen can not be caused.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of livestock manure fermented starts agent, it is characterized in that, is made up: glucose, cellulase, humic acid, urea, medical stone of following raw material.
Preferably, described glucose: cellulase: humic acid: urea: medical stone=1: 2: 1: 1: 5.
Above-mentioned livestock manure fermented starts the using method of agent, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
By chicken manure: pig manure: cow dung: the volume ratio of bacterium chaff is get out composting material at 15: 15: 20: 50, be added in fermentor tank, mix, then above-mentioned startup agent is added, regulate moisture content to be 65%, ferment, between yeast phase, every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour, air flow is 2-4L/min/m
3fermentor tank.
Preferably, the add-on of described startup agent is 2wt ‰.
Have employed technique scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) startup agent of the present invention is to transfer the microorganism active of nature itself to greatest extent for Main Means, thus realizes the quick composting to feces of livestock and poultry, reaches innoxious; Meanwhile, there is the protective effect to nutrient, realize resource high-efficiency.The use cost starting agent is low, and using method is simple.
(2) from effect, add startup agent of the present invention and can extend hot stage in composting process, accelerate the decomposition speed of decomposition material, organic materials is fully reacted and reaches innoxious and become thoroughly decomposed.Accelerate the conversion of ammonium nitrogen, improve the content of later stage nitric nitrogen; Make later stage NH
4 +-N/NO
3 -the ratio of-N reaches rotten index (≤0.5) fast.To facilitate the formation of the hydrolysis of organonitrogen and amino-acid nitrogen, amidonitrogen at decomposition early stage, reduce the content of non-acidolysis state nitrogen.While being conducive to nitrogen effectuation, do not cause the too much loss of nitrogen.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Temperature changing regularity in accompanying drawing 1 decay process;
Total nitrogen content Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 2 decay process;
Organic Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 3 decay process;
C/N Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 4 decay process;
Ammonium nitrogen Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 5 decay process;
Nitric nitrogen Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 6 decay process;
Ammonium nitrogen/nitric nitrogen Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 7 decay process;
Acid hydrolysis state nitrogen in accompanying drawing 8 decay process/full nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Amino-acid nitrogen in accompanying drawing 9 decay process/acid hydrolysis nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Amidonitrogen in accompanying drawing 10 decay process/acid hydrolysis nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Non-hydrolytic state nitrogen in accompanying drawing 11 decay process/full nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Nitrogen loss rate Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 12 decay process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
A kind of livestock manure fermented starts agent, is made up: glucose, cellulase, humic acid, urea, medical stone of following raw material.When glucose: cellulase: humic acid: urea: medical stone=1: when 2: 1: 1: 5, effect is better.
Above-mentioned livestock manure fermented starts the using method of agent, comprises the following steps:
By chicken manure: pig manure: cow dung: the volume ratio of bacterium chaff is get out composting material at 15: 15: 20: 50, be added in fermentor tank, mix, then add above-mentioned startup agent, add-on is 1-2wt ‰, regulates moisture content to be 65%, ferment, between yeast phase, every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour, air flow is 2-4L/min/m
3fermentor tank.
Embodiment 1:
Livestock manure fermented starts agent: glucose: cellulase: humic acid: urea: medical stone=1: 2: 1: 1: 5.
Composting material: chicken manure: pig manure: cow dung: the volume ratio of bacterium chaff is 15: 15: 20: 50.
Test group: the fermentation starting agent adding 2wt ‰.
Control group: do not add fermentation starting agent.
Test method: raw material is added to (wherein, test group adds fermentation starting agent, and control group does not add fermentation starting agent) in fermentor tank, regulate moisture content to be 65%, ferment, between yeast phase, every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour, air flow is 2-4L/min/m
3fermentor tank.
Wherein, the essential property of compost material is in table 1.
The physicochemical property of table 1 compost material
The interpretation of result of above-described embodiment 1 is as follows:
1, start agent to affect composting process temperature
Composting process will experience the temperature variation in 3 stages and temperature rise period, hot stage, temperature-fall period, and wherein hot stage is of paramount importance link.Can find out test group rapid temperature increases from reaction from accompanying drawing 1, reach top temperature (73 DEG C) to about 10d, slowly decline subsequently, decomposition is stabilized in about 32 DEG C to heap temperature during 30d.Control group reaches top temperature (about 62 DEG C) when 15d, postponed 5d, and top temperature is low about 10 DEG C than adding the process starting agent; When decomposition is to 30d, heap temperature is 27.95 DEG C.
Therefore, add startup agent and can improve compost temperature fast, improve the top temperature of compost, extend the pliotherm period of compost, organic materials is fully reacted, promotes to become thoroughly decomposed.
2, agent is started on the impact of composting process total nitrogen content
In composting process, the full nitrogen of test group and control group presents the trend (see accompanying drawing 2) first declining and raise afterwards.Test group total nitrogen content declines very fast at 0-15d, 15-30d slightly gos up; Control group total nitrogen content declines very fast at 0-18d, 18-30d slightly gos up.Its major cause of decline of decomposition full nitrogen in early stage is decomposed relevant with the volatilization of ammonia, and the later stage, the biological fixation effect etc. of nitrogen, made total nitrogen content slightly go up due to the minimizing of organic carbon.All in all two process total nitrogen contents reduce 17.73% and 21.67% respectively.Test group is compared with control group, and full nitrogen is higher.
3, the impact that agent changes organic carbon and C/N ratio is started
In whole composting process, along with decomposition carries out organic carbon (see accompanying drawing 3) on a declining curve.Test group is 12d before heap is rotten, and organic carbon declines rapider; Control group organic carbon content declines comparatively slow.To (30d) at the end of decomposition, the TOC content of test group reduces 29.22%, and the TOC content of control group reduces 27.44%.All in all, the mineralising that test group facilitates organic carbon is decomposed, and during decomposition 30d, the organic carbon content of decomposition product reduces by 2.45% than control group.
Test group and the control group C/N in composting process (see accompanying drawing 4) more on a declining curve than all, it is more obvious that test group declines, this is because test group Organic carbon decomposition cause faster.Can regard as when it is generally acknowledged that composting production C/N ratio is less than 20 and substantially become thoroughly decomposed.This research finds, test group C/N ratio when 21d is less than 20, is less than 20 without the process C/N ratio 30 days time starting agent.Therefore from C/N ratio, start agent and facilitate becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost.
4, the impact of agent on ammonium nitrogen change in composting process is started
Change display (see accompanying drawing 5a) of composting process ammonium nitrogen, test group is to 6d from compost, and ammonium nitrogen content rises gradually and peaks, and during 6d to 21d, ammonium nitrogen obviously declines, and tends towards stability after 21d, and content is almost constant.Control group is substantially unchanged at front 12d ammonium nitrogen content, then reduces gradually.Illustrate to add and start the ammonification that agent exacerbates organonitrogen in early stage, thus create a large amount of ammonium nitrogens; Later stage, ammonium nitrogen is converted into nitric nitrogen and part ammonium nitrogen is Ammonia valatilization etc. along with the enhancing of nitrification, caused the ammonium nitrogen content of test group and control group all to decline.The ammonium nitrogen of two groups of tests accounts for variation tendency and its content similar trend (see accompanying drawing 5b) of full nitrogen ratio, also presents downward trend after first increasing.Totally it seems, after piling rotten 9d, test group ammonium nitrogen content is lower than control group, illustrates to add to start the ammonification that agent had both accelerated organonitrogen in early stage, facilitates again the nitrification etc. of middle and later periods.
5, the impact of agent on nitric nitrogen change in composting process is started
Along with the carrying out of compost, the nitrate nitrogen content of two groups of tests first declines and raises afterwards, presents identical variation tendency (see accompanying drawing 6a).Test group nitrate nitrogen content is a little less than control group before 9d, this is because after adding startup agent, the biological heat that early stage, microbial decomposition process produced is many, makes heap temperature higher, suppresses the growth of nitrobacteria and the carrying out of nitrification.Later stage tends towards stability along with temperature declines gradually, and nitrification increases, and causes nitrate nitrogen content to raise rapidly.After decomposition 9d, test group nitrate nitrogen content is generally higher than the process without startup agent.
The variation tendency that nitric nitrogen accounts for full nitrogen ratio is consistent with the variation tendency of its content, shows as first to reduce to raise afterwards (see accompanying drawing 6b).Mutually confirm with ammonium nitrogen proportion, the temperature rise period in early stage, add startup agent and can promote that organic substance decomposing produces ammonium nitrogen, have certain restraining effect to nitrification, the later stage declines with temperature, facilitates again the carrying out of nitrification.
6, agent is started to NH in composting process
4 +/ NO
3 -the impact of ratio
NH in composting process
4 +-N, NO
3 -the relative change of-N is the important symbol of compost maturity, and Bernal etc. (1998) propose, as NH in compost
4 +-N/NO
3 -when the ratio of-N is less than 0.16, shows that compost has reached and become thoroughly decomposed, but also have some different viewpoints, have investigator to think and work as NH
4 +-N/NO
3 --N≤0.5 compost has reached and has become thoroughly decomposed.In two groups of tests, downward trend (see accompanying drawing 7) after the ratio of ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen all presents and first raises.Test group is NH when 9d
4 +-N/NO
3 --N reaches maximum value, and control group then reached maximum at the 12nd day.This conformed to the time of the vertex of ammonium nitrogen with the lower-most point of nitric nitrogen.Test group is at compost 21d NH
4 +-N/NO
3 --N ratio is 0.43, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed (≤0.5), and control group is 0.46 at 30 days its ratio, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed.As can be seen here, add and start decomposition and the nitrogen transformation that agent can accelerate decomposition material, promote quick composting.
8, on the impact of acidolysis state organonitrogen
Nitrogen in ight soil is based on organonitrogen, and organonitrogen is divided into again acid hydrolysis nitrogen and non-acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen.Downward trend after the ratio of two groups of test acid hydrolysis nitrogen/full nitrogen is changed to and first raises.Test group reaches maximum value at 9d, and control group reaches Schwellenwert at 15d.At the end of decomposition, acid hydrolysis nitrogen/full nitrogen ratio the decreasing all than the fermentation initial stage of 2 process, but between two process, difference is not remarkable, sees accompanying drawing 8.
Amino-acid nitrogen (AAN) and amidonitrogen (AN) etc. can be divided into again in acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen.Pile the ratio that rotten process amino-acid nitrogen accounts for acid hydrolysis nitrogen and having certain rising in early stage, after decrease (see accompanying drawing 9).Test group is compared with control group, and test group amino-acid nitrogen/acid hydrolysis nitrogen rises at 9d and reaches maximum value, accounts for 21.36% of acid hydrolysis nitrogen and rises to 24.76%, then decline by the initial stage, at the end of heap corruption, account for 17.28% of acid hydrolysis nitrogen; Control group amino-acid nitrogen/acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen reaches maximum value (accounting for 24.16%) when 15d, but entire change is less.Discovery is compared in two process, and heap is rotten to 12d, and the ratio of test group amino-acid nitrogen/acid hydrolysis nitrogen is higher than control group; 12d is later then lower than control group, and both differences reach conspicuous level.Illustrate to add and start agent in the conversion of later stage promotion amino-acid nitrogen to other form.
In the rotten process of heap, the amidonitrogen/acid hydrolysis nitrogen ratio of two groups of tests has certain rising (see accompanying drawing 10) early stage, and later stage change is relatively little.Test group amidonitrogen/acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen ratio reaches maximum (accounting for 22.7%) at fermentation about 9d, and control group reached maximum value (accounting for 20.6%) at about 15 days.Totally it seems, the ratio that test group amidonitrogen accounts for acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen is relatively high.Change according to amino-acid nitrogen (AAN) in acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen and amidonitrogen (AN) can be found out, add and start agent, facilitate the hydrolysis of protein, in the rotten formation being conducive to the intermediate product such as amino-acid nitrogen (AAN) and amidonitrogen (AN) period of certain heap.
9, the change of non-acidolysis organonitrogen
The non-acidolysis state nitrogen content that accounts for total nitrogen of two groups of tests increases (see accompanying drawing 11) gradually, compares with fermentation raw material, ferments to 30 days difference and all reaches conspicuous level.Two groups of tests are compared, and in the rotten process of whole heap, the non-acidolysis organonitrogen of test group is lower than control group.The further conversion added and start agent and be conducive to non-acidolysis organonitrogen is described.
10, agent is started on nitrogen loss impact in composting process
Along with compost time lengthening, the nitrogen loss rate of test group and control group increases (see accompanying drawing 12) gradually, and at the end of compost (decomposition 30d), the nitrogen loss rate of 2 composting tests all reaches more than 30%.From different times nitrogen loss rate, 0-15d nitrogen loss is very fast, and 15-30d tends towards stability gradually, and through the decomposition reactor system of 30d, the nitrogen of test group damages compared with control group, without significant difference.Illustrate and adopt fermentation starting agent, become thoroughly decomposed in promotion and while nitrogen transformation, do not cause the excessive loss of nitrogen.
To sum up, this startup agent has the effect promoting feces of livestock and poultry quick composting, reaching innoxious while, has the protective effect to nutrient, realizes resource high-efficiency.The use cost starting agent is low, and using method is simple.From effect, interpolation startup agent can extend the hot stage in composting process, accelerates the decomposition speed of decomposition material, organic materials is fully reacted and reaches innoxious and become thoroughly decomposed.Accelerate the conversion of ammonium nitrogen, improve the content of later stage nitric nitrogen; Make later stage NH
4 +-N/NO
3 -the ratio of-N reaches rotten index (≤0.5) fast.To facilitate the formation of the hydrolysis of organonitrogen and amino-acid nitrogen, amidonitrogen at decomposition early stage, reduce the content of non-acidolysis state nitrogen.While being conducive to nitrogen effectuation, do not cause the too much loss of nitrogen.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned concrete embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art is from above-mentioned design, and without performing creative labour, done all conversion, all drop within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. livestock manure fermented starts an agent, it is characterized in that, is made up: glucose, cellulase, humic acid, urea, medical stone of following raw material.
2. a kind of livestock manure fermented according to claim 1 starts the using method of agent, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
By chicken manure: pig manure: cow dung: the volume ratio of bacterium chaff is get out composting material at 15: 15: 20: 50, be added in fermentor tank, mix, then startup agent according to claim 1 is added, regulate moisture content to be 65%, ferment, between yeast phase, every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour, air flow is 2-4L/min/m
3fermentor tank; The add-on of described startup agent is 1-2wt ‰.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1335288A (en) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-02-13 | 崔宗均 | Bacteria prepn for organic matter to become decomposed fast |
| CN1903753A (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2007-01-31 | 金冲 | Compound methane stater and its production method |
| CN101298352A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2008-11-05 | 刘峰 | Plant source regulating liquid of ecological piggery starter |
| CN101928160A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for composting straws in compost frame under high temperature |
| CN102674917A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-19 | 南京农业大学 | Multifunctional soil maturing agent and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1335288A (en) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-02-13 | 崔宗均 | Bacteria prepn for organic matter to become decomposed fast |
| CN1903753A (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2007-01-31 | 金冲 | Compound methane stater and its production method |
| CN101298352A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2008-11-05 | 刘峰 | Plant source regulating liquid of ecological piggery starter |
| CN101928160A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for composting straws in compost frame under high temperature |
| CN102674917A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-19 | 南京农业大学 | Multifunctional soil maturing agent and preparation method thereof |
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