CN115024186A - Method for treating agricultural wastes - Google Patents
Method for treating agricultural wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN115024186A CN115024186A CN202210731862.6A CN202210731862A CN115024186A CN 115024186 A CN115024186 A CN 115024186A CN 202210731862 A CN202210731862 A CN 202210731862A CN 115024186 A CN115024186 A CN 115024186A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The application provides a treatment method of agricultural wastes, and relates to the technical field of agricultural production. A method for treating agricultural wastes comprises the following steps: cutting the collected agricultural waste straws into sections to obtain straw sections; mixing the straw sections with almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, spraying a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol/L, and performing pre-acidification treatment; adding shell powder and a decomposition agent into the mixed raw material subjected to pre-acid treatment, spraying water, and composting; and mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate to prepare the seedling culture substrate. The treatment method can better recycle the agricultural wastes and has good effect on seedling culture.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for treating agricultural wastes.
Background
In recent years, China has become the world with the largest output of agricultural wastes, crop straw resources are rich, the annual total amount is about 7 hundred million tons, vegetable wastes are 1-1.5 hundred million tons, and the annual total amount of livestock excrements is about 30 hundred million tons, so that the crop straw resources have become one of three pollution sources parallel to industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. Agricultural waste pollution becomes an important pollution source in the current agriculture and rural areas, soil hardening is caused, the organic matter content and the water storage capacity are reduced, meanwhile, air pollution is caused, and the sustainable development of livestock and poultry and the planting industry is threatened. At present, the simplest method for treating straws is to directly burn the straws in the field. In the burning season, the events that flights cannot land and highways are forced to be closed due to smoke in the whole day occur for many times, so that a large amount of precious resources are wasted, and the environment is seriously polluted.
At present, the development of soilless substrate is more popular in the flower cultivation, and peat is often used as a flower cultivation substrate because of the large amount of organic matters contained in peat, good air and water permeability, good water retention performance, small volume weight, light weight and no plant diseases, insect pests and insect eggs. However, the exploitation of peat substrate is extensive in China, which results in low added value of products, single nutrition, poor water retention, difficult rooting, low budding rate and high death rate of nursery gardens, which can not meet the requirement of large-area growth of flowers in agriculture, forestry, horticulture and increases the cost of flower production. Therefore, finding an alternative material to peat substrate is a problem to be solved for flower cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a method for treating agricultural wastes, which can better recycle the agricultural wastes.
The technical problem to be solved by the application is solved by adopting the following technical scheme.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for treating agricultural wastes, which comprises the following steps:
cutting the collected agricultural waste straws into sections to obtain straw sections; mixing the straw sections with almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, spraying a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol/L, and performing pre-acid treatment; adding shell powder and a decomposition agent into the mixed raw material subjected to pre-acid treatment, spraying water, and composting; and mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate to prepare the seedling culture substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
according to the method, the almond shells are added into the crushed agricultural straws, the porosity in the straw sections can be increased, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is improved, on the basis, dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol/L is added for pre-acid treatment, and the dilute sulfuric acid can decompose crude fibers and lignin in the agricultural straws and the almond shells, so that the lignin-coated organic matters can be degraded and saccharified, the gaps and the specific surface area of the lignin can be further increased, contact between the mixed raw materials and microorganisms is facilitated, the dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration can promote decomposition of the crude fibers and the lignin on one hand, the difficulty of subsequent decomposition and the using amount of a decomposing agent are reduced, on the other hand, sugar liquid generated after pre-acid treatment can provide nutrition for the decomposing agent in the subsequent decomposing process, various microbial agents in the decomposing agent can enter working states more quickly, and the decomposing process is accelerated.
In addition, shell powder is added in the decomposing process, and copper elements and cadmium elements in the shell powder can improve the activity of microbial agents and enzyme agents in the decomposing agent, so that fermentation can be carried out more quickly, the temperature of the pile can be increased quickly, high temperature can be maintained for a longer time, the decomposing time can be shortened, and the decomposing is more thorough.
The substrate is used for mixing the decomposed materials with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate, so that the substrate with high water retention rate and good water conductivity is prepared, and the substrate has a very good effect on seedling culture of crops and flowers.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
A method for treating agricultural wastes comprises the following steps:
cutting the collected agricultural waste straws into sections to obtain straw sections;
mixing the straw sections with almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, spraying a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol/L, and performing pre-acid treatment;
adding shell powder and a decomposing agent into the mixed raw material subjected to the pre-acid treatment, spraying water, and performing compost decomposition;
and mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate to prepare the seedling culture substrate.
According to the method, the almond shells are added into the crushed agricultural straws, the porosity in the straw sections can be increased, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is improved, on the basis, dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol/L is added for pre-acid treatment, the dilute sulfuric acid can decompose crude fibers and lignin in the agricultural straws and the almond shells, so that organic matters wrapped by the lignin can be degraded and saccharified, the gaps and the specific surface area of the organic matters are further increased, contact between the mixed raw materials and microorganisms is facilitated, the dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration can promote decomposition of the crude fibers and the lignin on one hand, the difficulty of subsequent maturity and the using amount of a maturing agent are reduced, on the other hand, sugar liquid generated after pre-acid treatment can provide nutrition for the maturing agent in the subsequent maturity process, various microbial agents in the maturing agent can enter a working state more quickly, and the process of maturity is accelerated. However, too high a concentration of sulfuric acid may adversely affect the activity of microorganisms and reduce the process of decomposition.
In addition, shell powder is added in the decomposing process, and copper elements and cadmium elements in the shell powder can improve the activity of microbial agents and enzyme agents in the decomposing agent, so that fermentation can be carried out more quickly, the temperature of the pile can be increased quickly, high temperature can be maintained for a longer time, the decomposing time can be shortened, and the decomposing is more thorough.
The substrate is used for mixing the decomposed materials with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate, so that the substrate with high water retention rate and good water conductivity is prepared, and the substrate has a very good effect on seedling culture of crops and flowers.
In some embodiments of the present application, the length of the straw section is 0.5-2 cm. The straw is cut off, so that the contact area between the straw and the decomposing agent can be increased, and the decomposing effect is improved.
In some embodiments of the present application, the weight ratio of the straw segments to the almond shells is (20-50): 1, crushing the almond shells and sieving the crushed almond shells by a sieve with 10-30 meshes. The mixing uniformity of the almond shells and the raw materials is improved.
In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the sulfuric acid solution to the mixed raw material is 1L: (10-15) kg. Too high an amount of dilute sulfuric acid added also affects the activity of the subsequent decomposing agent, thereby affecting the decomposing effect.
In some embodiments of the present application, the pre-acid treatment is performed at 30 to 35 ℃ and sealed for 1 to 3 days. The contact between the acid liquor and the raw materials can be added by adopting a sealing means.
In some embodiments of the application, the mass ratio of the mixed raw material, the shell powder and the decomposing inoculant is (30-50): (5-10): (1-3) spraying water to make the water content of the water reach 55-75%.
In some embodiments of the present application, the shell powder is sieved by 50-100 meshes. The specific surface area is increased, and the uniform mixing is facilitated.
In some embodiments of the present application, the decomposing agents include bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus licheniformis, and geobacillus stearothermophilus.
In some embodiments of the present application, the compost is decomposed for 1 to 2 months, and the compost is turned over every 3 to 5 days during the decomposition period. Increasing contact with oxygen.
In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the decomposed material to the perlite, the vermiculite and the calcium carbonate is: (7-10): 1: 1: (0.3-0.5).
The features and properties of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A method for treating agricultural wastes comprises the following steps: cleaning and removing impurities from the collected agricultural straws (including corn straws, sorghum straws and wheat straws), airing and cutting into straw sections of 1-2 cm; cleaning and airing almond shells, crushing and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; preparing a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.15mol/L by using clear water and concentrated sulfuric acid;
fully mixing the straw sections and the almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the mixed raw material by using a sprayer, uniformly stirring, and spraying 1L of dilute sulfuric acid solution per 10kg of the mixed raw material; sealing the stirred mixed raw materials, and pre-acid-treating for 2 days at the ambient temperature of 30-35 ℃;
sieving shell powder with a 50-mesh sieve, taking a sieved part, mixing the pre-acid treated mixed raw material with enough shell powder and enough decomposition agent (containing bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus licheniformis and geobacillus stearothermophilus, the total effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g) according to the mass ratio of 40: 8: 2, adding, fully and uniformly mixing, and thoroughly watering with water to ensure that the water content of the whole raw material is 65%; covering the compost by using a film, turning the compost once every 3 days, and after the compost is thoroughly decomposed for 40 days, obtaining a thoroughly decomposed material;
mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 10: 1: 1: adding the components in a mass ratio of 0.5 and mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
Example 2
A method for treating agricultural wastes comprises the following steps: cleaning and impurity-removing the collected agricultural straws (including corn straws, sorghum straws and wheat straws), airing and cutting into straw sections of 0.5-1 cm; cleaning and airing almond shells, crushing and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; preparing a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L by using clear water and concentrated sulfuric acid;
fully mixing the straw sections and the almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the mixed raw material by using a sprayer, uniformly stirring, and spraying 1L of dilute sulfuric acid solution per 15kg of the mixed raw material; sealing the stirred mixed raw materials, and pre-acid-treating for 3 days at the ambient temperature of 30-35 ℃;
sieving shell powder with a 100-mesh sieve, taking a sieved part, mixing the pre-acid treated mixed raw material with enough shell powder and enough decomposition agent (containing bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus licheniformis and geobacillus stearothermophilus, the total effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g) according to the mass ratio of 50: 10: 1, adding the raw materials, fully and uniformly mixing, and thoroughly watering the mixture by adopting water to ensure that the water content of the whole raw materials is 60%; covering the compost by using a film, turning the compost once every 5 days, and after the compost is thoroughly decomposed for 50 days, finishing the composting to obtain a thoroughly decomposed material;
mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 10: 1: 1: 0.3, and mixing to obtain the seedling substrate.
Example 3
A method for treating agricultural wastes comprises the following steps: cleaning and impurity-removing the collected agricultural straws (including corn straws, sorghum straws and wheat straws), airing and cutting into straw sections of 0.5-1.5 cm; cleaning and airing almond shells, crushing and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve; preparing a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L by using clear water and concentrated sulfuric acid;
fully mixing the straw sections and the almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the mixed raw material by using a sprayer, uniformly stirring, and spraying 1L of dilute sulfuric acid solution per 10kg of the mixed raw material; sealing the stirred mixed raw materials, and performing pre-acid treatment for 30 hours at the ambient temperature of 30-35 ℃;
sieving shell powder with a 100-mesh sieve, taking a sieved part, mixing the pre-acid treated mixed raw material with enough shell powder and enough decomposition agent (containing bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus licheniformis and geobacillus stearothermophilus, the total effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g) according to the mass ratio of 30: 8: 3, adding, fully and uniformly mixing, and thoroughly watering with water to ensure that the water content of the whole raw material is 60%; covering the compost by using a film, turning the compost once every 5 days, and after the compost is thoroughly decomposed for 35 days, obtaining a thoroughly decomposed material;
mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate according to the ratio of 8: 1: 1: 0.3, and mixing to obtain the seedling substrate.
Example 4
A method for treating agricultural wastes comprises the following steps: cleaning and impurity-removing the collected agricultural straws (including corn straws, sorghum straws and wheat straws), airing and cutting into straw sections of 1-2 cm; cleaning and airing almond shells, crushing and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; preparing a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.12mol/L by using clear water and concentrated sulfuric acid;
fully mixing the straw sections and the almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the mixed raw material by using a sprayer, uniformly stirring, and spraying 1L of dilute sulfuric acid solution per 12kg of the mixed raw material; sealing the stirred mixed raw materials, and pre-acid-treating for 1 day at the ambient temperature of 30-35 ℃;
sieving shell powder with a sieve of 80 meshes, taking a sieved part, mixing the mixed raw material subjected to pre-acid treatment with enough shell powder and enough decomposition agent (containing bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus licheniformis and geobacillus stearothermophilus, wherein the total effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g) according to the mass ratio of 50: 9: 3, adding, fully and uniformly mixing, and thoroughly watering with water to ensure that the water content of the whole raw material is 75%; covering the compost by using a film, turning the compost once every 5 days, and after the compost is thoroughly decomposed for 45 days, obtaining a thoroughly decomposed material;
mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 10: 1: 1: 0.4, and mixing to obtain the seedling substrate.
Example 5
A method for treating agricultural wastes comprises the following steps: cleaning and removing impurities from the collected agricultural straws (including corn straws, sorghum straws and wheat straws), airing and cutting into straw sections of 1-2 cm; cleaning and airing almond shells, crushing and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve; preparing a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.15mol/L by using clear water and concentrated sulfuric acid;
fully mixing the straw sections and the almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the mixed raw material by using a sprayer, uniformly stirring, and spraying 1L of dilute sulfuric acid solution per 15kg of the mixed raw material; sealing the stirred mixed raw materials, and pre-acid-treating for 1 day at the ambient temperature of 30-35 ℃;
sieving shell powder with a 60-mesh sieve, taking a sieved part, mixing the pre-acid treated mixed raw material with enough shell powder and enough decomposition agent (containing bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus licheniformis and geobacillus stearothermophilus, the total effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g) according to the mass ratio of 50: 9: 3, adding the raw materials, fully and uniformly mixing, and thoroughly watering the mixture by adopting water to ensure that the water content of the whole raw materials is 75 percent; covering the compost by using a film, turning the compost once every 5 days, and after the compost is thoroughly decomposed for 60 days, obtaining a thoroughly decomposed material;
mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 10: 1: 1: 0.5 mass ratio and mixing to obtain the seedling substrate.
Example 6
A method for treating agricultural wastes comprises the following steps: cleaning and removing impurities from the collected agricultural straws (including corn straws, sorghum straws and wheat straws), airing and cutting into 1-1.5 cm straw sections; cleaning and airing almond shells, crushing and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve; preparing a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.18mol/L by using clear water and concentrated sulfuric acid;
fully mixing the straw sections and the almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the mixed raw material by using a sprayer, uniformly stirring, and spraying 1L of dilute sulfuric acid solution per 15kg of the mixed raw material; sealing the stirred mixed raw materials, and pre-acid-treating for 1.5 days at the ambient temperature of 30-35 ℃;
sieving shell powder with a 60-mesh sieve, taking a sieved part, mixing the pre-acid treated mixed raw material with enough shell powder and enough decomposition agent (containing bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus licheniformis and geobacillus stearothermophilus, the total effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g) according to the mass ratio of 50: 9: 3, adding the raw materials, fully and uniformly mixing, and thoroughly watering the raw materials by adopting water to ensure that the water content of the whole raw materials is 55 percent; covering the compost by using a film, turning the compost once every 4 days, and after 55 days of decomposition, finishing the compost decomposition to obtain a decomposed material;
mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 10: 1: 1: adding the components in a mass ratio of 0.5 and mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that no almond hull is added in the comparative example, and finally the seedling substrate of the comparative example is obtained.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that no pre-acid treatment was performed in this comparative example; finally, the seedling substrate of the comparative example is obtained
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that no shell powder is added in the comparative example, and the seedling raising matrix of the comparative example is finally obtained.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution in the comparative example is 0.5mol/L, and the seedling substrate of the comparative example is finally obtained.
Test example 1
This experimental example explores the effect of the treatments of the different examples (comparative examples) on the decomposition of straw compost. In the application, 6 experimental groups are set and marked as experimental groups 1 to 6, the treatment methods of example 1, example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are respectively adopted for carrying out experiments, compost maturity is carried out on the same day, the decomposed materials of the experimental groups are taken on the 40 th day, the 60 th day and the 80 th day of decomposition respectively for carrying out germination index GI detection, the results are recorded, and the results are shown in table 1.
The germination index detection process specifically comprises the following steps: air-drying the decomposed materials of each experimental group, soaking the materials in water (the mass ratio of the water to the materials is 5: 1), fully mixing the materials uniformly, standing the mixture, and taking supernatant for later use; preparing 7 culture dishes, paving filter paper, then respectively scattering 50 seeds of pakchoi (no bad seeds after screening) on the filter paper, transferring the water extract in each experimental group into the corresponding culture dish (10mL) by using a liquid transfer gun, wherein the experimental group is a blank control group, dropwise adding clean water with the same quality, covering the opening of the culture dish by newspaper to prevent water evaporation, adopting a dropper to drip water on the filter paper every day to keep water, recording the germination rate and the relative root length, calculating the germination index GI, and considering that the compost is completely rotten when the germination index is larger than or equal to 85%.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the compost can basically reach the decomposition standard after being decomposed for 40 days by the treatment methods of example 1 and example 3, the compost can be basically decomposed only after being decomposed for 60 days by comparative example 1 and comparative example 5 respectively, the compost can be decomposed only after being decomposed for 80 days without the pre-acid treatment in comparative example 2, and the compost can still not be completely decomposed after 80 days due to the excessive acid concentration during the pre-acid treatment in comparative example 4, which shows that the activity of flora in the decomposing agent can be damaged by the high-concentration sulfuric acid, so that the decomposition effect is influenced.
Test example 2
The experimental example is used for researching the growth influence of the seedling raising substrate after different treatments in the example (comparative example) on plants.
8 experimental groups are set in the test example and are respectively marked as experimental groups 1-8, wherein the experimental groups 1-6 correspond to example 1, example 4, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, the experimental group 7 is a control group 1, and calcium carbonate is not added; the experimental group 8 is a control group 2, and peat is used for replacing decomposed materials.
A plug tray with 72 holes is arranged in each experimental group, pepper seeds (good pepper peaks) are adopted for sowing, the seedling emergence time, the seedling emergence rate, the plant height in the transplanting period and the stem thickness are counted, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Grouping | Time of emergence/d | Rate of emergence/% | Plant height/cm | Stem thickness/cm |
| Experimental group 1 | 5 | 99.2 | 14.8 | 2.95 |
| Experimental group 2 | 5 | 98.5 | 14.7 | 2.88 |
| Experimental group 3 | 6 | 98.9 | 15.1 | 2.81 |
| Experimental group 4 | 6 | 98.2 | 14.4 | 2.82 |
| Experimental group 5 | 5 | 98.3 | 13.9 | 2.79 |
| Experimental group 6 | 8 | 96.1 | 13.8 | 2.66 |
| Experimental group 7 | 8 | 95.8 | 13.5 | 2.64 |
| Experimental group 8 | 6 | 98.6 | 15.0 | 2.81 |
As can be seen from table 2, the seedling raising mechanism of examples 1 and 4 of the present application has the best effect, and the effect of using peat in the aspects of time of emergence, rate of emergence and stem thickness is better for the experimental group 8, which indicates that the decomposed material prepared by the present application can replace peat as the component of the seedling raising substrate.
In summary, the method for treating agricultural wastes according to the embodiment of the present application. According to the method, the almond shells are added into the crushed agricultural straws, the porosity in the straw sections can be increased, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is improved, on the basis, dilute sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol/L is added for pre-acid treatment, the dilute sulfuric acid can decompose crude fibers and lignin in the agricultural straws and the almond shells, so that organic matters wrapped by the lignin can be degraded and saccharified, the gaps and the specific surface area of the organic matters are further increased, contact between the mixed raw materials and microorganisms is facilitated, the dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration can promote decomposition of the crude fibers and the lignin on one hand, the difficulty of subsequent maturity and the using amount of a maturing agent are reduced, on the other hand, sugar liquid generated after pre-acid treatment can provide nutrition for the maturing agent in the subsequent maturity process, various microbial agents in the maturing agent can enter a working state more quickly, and the process of maturity is accelerated. In addition, shell powder is added in the decomposing process, and copper elements and cadmium elements in the shell powder can improve the activity of microbial agents and enzyme agents in the decomposing agent, so that fermentation can be performed more quickly, the temperature of the pile is increased quickly, high temperature is maintained for a longer time, the decomposing time is shortened, and the decomposing is more thorough. The substrate is used for mixing the decomposed materials with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate, so that the substrate with high water retention rate and good water conductivity is prepared, and the substrate has a very good effect on seedling culture of crops and flowers.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting the collected agricultural waste straws into sections to obtain straw sections;
mixing the straw sections with almond shells to obtain a mixed raw material, spraying a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol/L, and performing pre-acidification treatment;
adding shell powder and a decomposing agent into the mixed raw material subjected to the pre-acid treatment, spraying water, and performing compost decomposition;
and mixing the decomposed material with perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate to prepare the seedling culture substrate.
2. The method for treating agricultural waste according to claim 1, wherein the straw segments have a length of 0.5-2 cm.
3. The method for treating the agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the straw sections to the almond shells is (20-50): 1, crushing the almond shells and sieving the crushed almond shells by a sieve with 10-30 meshes.
4. The method for treating agricultural waste according to claim 1, wherein the addition ratio of the sulfuric acid solution to the mixed raw material is 1L: (10-15) kg.
5. The method for treating agricultural wastes according to claim 4, wherein the pre-acid treatment is performed under the conditions of 30-35 ℃ and sealing for 1-3 days.
6. The method for treating agricultural waste according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed raw material, the shell powder and the decomposing inoculant is (30-50): (5-10): (1-3) spraying water to make the water content of the water reach 55-75%.
7. The method for treating the agricultural waste according to claim 1, wherein the shell powder passes through 50-100 meshes.
8. The method for treating agricultural waste according to claim 1, wherein the decomposing inoculant comprises bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus licheniformis and geobacillus stearothermophilus.
9. The method for treating agricultural waste according to claim 1, wherein the compost is decomposed for 1-2 months, and the compost is turned over every 3-5 days during the decomposition period.
10. The method for treating agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the decomposed material to perlite, vermiculite and calcium carbonate is (7-10): 1: 1: (0.3-0.5).
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| CN (1) | CN115024186A (en) |
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| US4848026A (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1989-07-18 | Monterey Mushrooms, Inc. | Composting process for the production of mushroom cultivation substrates |
| CN106518400A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-22 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for preparing flower substrate from agricultural wastes |
| CN109111255A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-01 | 句容市丁庄葡萄研究所 | A kind of preparation method of grape nursery Light media |
| CN110192513A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-03 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | A kind of organic fertilizer that cultivating coffee heteroplastic graft seedling and its application and seedling medium and method for culturing seedlings |
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2022
- 2022-06-25 CN CN202210731862.6A patent/CN115024186A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4848026A (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1989-07-18 | Monterey Mushrooms, Inc. | Composting process for the production of mushroom cultivation substrates |
| CN106518400A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-22 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for preparing flower substrate from agricultural wastes |
| CN109111255A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-01 | 句容市丁庄葡萄研究所 | A kind of preparation method of grape nursery Light media |
| CN110192513A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-03 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | A kind of organic fertilizer that cultivating coffee heteroplastic graft seedling and its application and seedling medium and method for culturing seedlings |
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| 唐锘: "秸秆预处理方法的筛选", vol. 22, no. 7, pages 22 - 26 * |
| 季之本: "实用肥料知识", 湖北人民出版社, pages: 32 * |
| 薛明珂，CLAIRE FARRELL: "不同有机质成分对绿色屋顶基质物理性质的影响", vol. 64, no. 11, pages 75 - 81 * |
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