CN116103204A - Microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
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- C12R2001/66—Aspergillus
- C12R2001/685—Aspergillus niger
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of microorganisms. The decomposing inoculant disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of functional microbial agent, 3-5 parts of basic microbial agent and 10-15 parts of microbial agent carrier. According to the invention, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus mucilaginosus, the trichoderma viride, the aspergillus oryzae and the microzyme are used for forming the functional microbial agent, and the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus mucilaginosus, the trichoderma viride, the aspergillus oryzae and the microzyme are used for forming the basic microbial agent, so that the decomposition of organic matters is effectively accelerated, the composting time is shortened, the high-temperature duration time is prolonged, the composting material is promoted to be decomposed, the quality of the composting product is improved, the method is suitable for fermenting organic matters such as crop straws, livestock manure and the like, the addition amount is small, the composting efficiency is high, the environment adaptability is strong, the application range is wide, and the method has wide market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a microbial decomposing inoculant for organic composting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Composting refers to the process of mineralizing, humifying and innocuously rendering unstable organic matters into decomposed fertilizers by the growth and metabolism of microorganisms at high temperature. The organic matters in the compost are degraded by the metabolism of microorganisms, so that a large amount of compounds of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which can be absorbed and utilized by plants can be produced, and new important active organic matters-humus which form soil fertility can be synthesized. The materials suitable for composting are many, such as crop straw and residues, rice bran and rice husk, peanut shells, bran, bark, wood dust, animal manure, animal carcasses, slaughterhouse waste, household garbage, municipal sludge and sludge, papermaking waste, food processing waste, sugarcane, peat, lime, charcoal, fly ash, cake, algae and other aquatic plants, chinese medicine residues, pharmaceutical industry culture medium waste residues and the like.
The use of additives is a better approach to accelerate and improve the composting process and quality. The compost additive is a substance which can accelerate the composting process and improve the quality of the compost product, and comprises a microbial agent, organic or inorganic substances and the like. Additives for composting can be classified into inoculants, conditioners, and the like, depending on the action of the additive. At present, many studies for improving the fermentation effect of compost by adding additives to various kinds of compost are performed, including adding microbial agents to the compost.
The microbial agent is added, so that the time for reaching a high temperature period can be shortened, the highest temperature of the compost is increased, the composting time is shortened, the quality of the compost can be improved, the phytotoxicity of the compost is reduced, and the germination rate of seeds is improved; the microbial agent can also change the structure of the stacked microbial population, improve the diversity of microorganisms and the like.
At present, many researches on all microbial agents for composting exist, but the researches have the defects. Various microbial strains capable of rapidly decomposing starch, protein, fiber and the like are needed in the production process of the organic fertilizer, and the strains are needed to cooperate with each other to degrade various organic macromolecules. At present, a plurality of similar compost leavening agents exist on the market, but the strains are too simple and have poor environmental adaptability, the microbial agents suitable for feces cannot decompose straw materials, the materials suitable for straw materials are not suitable for feces and the like, the effect of using the strains in compost with complex components is not ideal, the added microbial strains do not play a role, and the strains are eliminated by indigenous microorganisms in raw materials in the composting process. The microbial inoculum activity is reduced or disabled in a complex environment. Thus, the organic fertilizer is slowly decomposed and not thoroughly decomposed, the fermentation starting time is slow, and the fermentation process is very slow. Resulting in low production efficiency of the organic fertilizer plant. Meanwhile, the high temperature in the fermentation process is not continuous, the harmless treatment on organic materials cannot be realized, and intermediate substances which are generated in the composting process and are not completely decomposed, such as phenolic substances, are doped in the organic fertilizer finished product, so that the substances have quite large harm to crops.
Therefore, how to develop a high-efficiency organic compost decomposing microbial inoculum, which has good decomposing effect on main stream organic matters such as crop straws, animal wastes, sludge and the like, and has good adaptability to complex environments (such as alpine regions and the like), is a current research hotspot.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the microbial decomposing inoculant and the preparation method thereof are developed, the inoculant can accelerate the decomposition of organic matters, shorten the composting time, promote the decomposition of composting materials, improve the quality of composting products, is suitable for the fermentation of organic matters such as crop straws, livestock manure and the like, and has strong environment adaptability and wide application range.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of functional microbial agent, 3-5 parts of basic microbial agent and 10-15 parts of microbial agent carrier.
Further, the functional microbial agent comprises psychrophilic bacillus, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas paraflavus; the preservation number of the psychrophilic bacillus (Psychrobacter faecalis) is CGMCC1.10869; the aspergillus niger is%
Aspergillus niger) is CGMCC3.15663; the preservation number of the pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is CGMCC1.15632.
Wherein, the psychrophilic bacillus (Psychrobacter faecalis) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC), address: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 4 th 2011, 1 st, deposit number: CGMCC1.10869.
The aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC), address: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 2016, 5, 13 days, deposit number: CGMCC3.15663.
The pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC) and addressed: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 25 days of 2 months 2015, deposit number: CGMCC1.15632.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the functional microbial agent comprises the following steps: the psychrophilic bacillus, the aspergillus niger and the pseudomonas paraflavus are respectively and independently activated and cultured in an enlarged way to obtain the effective viable count of 1 multiplied by 10 9 And mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain the bacterial liquid of CFU/ml.
Further, the basic microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacterial powder of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:2-3:2-3:1.
The bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes in the basic microbial agent are selected from conventional commercial bacterial powder.
Further, the microbial inoculum carrier is a mixture of fungus residues and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the fungus residues to the diatomite is 0.3-0.5:1.
The preparation method of the microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Fully drying the fungus residues and diatomite, crushing, sieving with a two-hundred-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fungus agent carrier;
(2) Uniformly mixing a basic microbial agent and a microbial agent carrier according to parts by weight, and granulating in a granulator to obtain solid particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm;
(3) Preparing a functional microbial agent: separately activating and culturing Achromobacter faecalis, aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas paraflava to obtain effective viable count of 1×10 9 The bacterial liquid of CFU/ml is obtained by mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1;
(4) Adding the particles obtained in the step (2) into the mixed bacterial liquid of the three bacteria obtained in the step (3) according to parts by weight, fully adsorbing the bacterial liquid, and naturally drying to obtain the final product of the decomposed bacterial agent.
Further, in the step (2), water or epoxy resin is added to promote granulation. The water and the epoxy resin are used in an amount which is sufficient to form the material in the granulator.
When the microbial inoculum is used for organic compost fermentation, the addition amount is 2-4 per mill of the mass of the organic matter raw material. The raw materials of the invention are all commercially available.
The method is practically applied: crushing and humidifying the organic materials, regulating the water content to 55% -60%, piling up the organic materials into piles with the pile length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height=1.5mx1mx1.5m, uniformly scattering microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 2-4%o for aerobic composting, and when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is about 20, the pH is about 8.5 and the germination index is more than 95%, indicating the completely decomposed organic fertilizer.
Aiming at the problems of single bacterial strain, poor environment adaptability, poor decomposition effect and low quality of organic fertilizers of the organic compost microbial inoculum in the prior art, the invention screens functional microbial inoculum composed of psychrophilic bacillus, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas paraflavus, and uses basic microbial inoculum composed of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes to jointly realize the efficient fermentation of various organic materials.
The psychrophilic bacillus faecalis can promote succession of bacterial groups in a low-temperature environment, improve the overall environment adaptability of the microbial inoculum, accelerate decomposition of organic components in the heap, help the heap to heat up in the low-temperature environment, and accelerate the composting process. Aspergillus niger can produce many saccharifying enzymes and cellulase to accelerate the decomposition of starch and cellulose to produce nutrients, so that bacteria can utilize the nutrients for reproduction and reproduction, and the temperature rise of compost is further promoted. Meanwhile, extracellular lipase and extracellular protease generated by the pseudomonas paraflavescens can accelerate decomposition of organic fat and protein in the compost. The three bacteria have synergistic effect after being mixed in equal proportion, can realize quick decomposition and efficient decomposition of organic materials, in particular, can prolong the maintenance time of a high-temperature stage in the fermentation process, and can also increase the average temperature and the highest temperature of the high-temperature stage. In the high-temperature stage, the continuous high temperature is favorable for the organic matters in the materials to be decomposed and converted by aerobic microorganisms, and pathogenic bacteria and pest eggs in the pile are killed sufficiently, so that the quality of the compost is improved, and the decomposition of the pile is promoted.
Meanwhile, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes are added as basic microbial agents, so that the strain richness is improved, the decomposition and utilization of the functional microbial agents on organic matters are promoted, a large amount of organic matters are accelerated to decompose, the total carbon content is relatively reduced, the total nitrogen content is relatively increased, the C/N ratio of the compost is gradually reduced, and the decomposition process is accelerated.
And finally, the microbial residues and diatomite are used as microbial carriers to fully adsorb the microbial agents, and the microbial residues are rich in various nutrients, so that the growth and propagation of microorganisms can be accelerated, and functional microorganisms and basic microorganisms can be promoted to secrete various active substances, thereby promoting the decomposition and conversion of organic matters. Meanwhile, the fungus dregs are loose and porous, are mixed with diatomite for granulation, are easy to form an internal porous structure, are easy to adsorb microorganisms, and meanwhile, part of harmful gases such as ammonia gas, sulfur dioxide and the like generated in the composting process can be adsorbed and absorbed by the microorganisms to be decomposed and utilized as nutrient substances, so that odor is reduced, and meanwhile, loss of nutrient elements is also reduced.
Advantageous effects
The microbial decomposing inoculant can accelerate the decomposition of organic matters, shorten the composting time, promote the decomposition of composting materials, improve the quality of composting products, is suitable for the fermentation of organic matters such as crop straws, livestock manure and the like, has the advantages of small addition amount, high composting efficiency, strong environment adaptability and wide application range, and has wide market application prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of functional microbial agent, 3 parts of basic microbial agent and 15 parts of microbial agent carrier.
The functional microbial agent comprises psychrophilic bacillus, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas paraflavus; the psychrophilic bacillus is [ ]
Psychrobacter faecalis) is CGMCC1.10869; the preservation number of the aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is CGMCC3.15663; the preservation number of the pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is CGMCC1.15632.
The psychrophilic bacillus (Psychrobacter faecalis) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC), address: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 4 th 2011, 1 st, deposit number: CGMCC1.10869.
The aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC), address: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 2016, 5, 13 days, deposit number: CGMCC3.15663.
The pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC) and addressed: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 25 days of 2 months 2015, deposit number: CGMCC1.15632.
The preparation method of the functional microbial agent comprises the following steps: the psychrophilic bacillus, the aspergillus niger and the pseudomonas paraflavus are respectively and independently activated and cultured in an enlarged way to obtain the effective viable count of 1 multiplied by 10 9 And mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain the bacterial liquid of CFU/ml.
The basic microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacterial powders of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:2:2:1.
The microbial inoculum carrier is a mixture of fungus residues and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the fungus residues to the diatomite is 0.3:1.
The preparation method of the microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Fully drying the fungus residues and diatomite, crushing, sieving with a two-hundred-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fungus agent carrier;
(2) Uniformly mixing a basic microbial agent and a microbial agent carrier according to parts by weight, and granulating in a granulator to obtain solid particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm;
(3) Preparing a functional microbial agent: separately activating and culturing Achromobacter faecalis, aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas paraflava to obtain effective viable count of 1×10 9 The bacterial liquid of CFU/ml is obtained by mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1;
(4) Adding the particles obtained in the step (2) into the mixed bacterial liquid of the three bacteria obtained in the step (3) according to parts by weight, fully adsorbing the bacterial liquid, and naturally drying to obtain the final product of the decomposed bacterial agent.
And (2) adding water or epoxy resin to promote granulation. The water and the epoxy resin are used in an amount which is sufficient to form the material in the granulator.
When the microbial inoculum of the embodiment is used for organic compost fermentation, the addition amount is 2-4 per mill of the mass of the organic matter raw material.
The method is practically applied: crushing and humidifying the organic materials, regulating the water content to 55% -60%, piling up the organic materials into piles with the pile length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height=1.5mx1mx1.5m, uniformly scattering microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 2-4%o for aerobic composting, and when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is about 20, the pH is about 8.5 and the germination index is more than 95%, indicating the completely decomposed organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of functional microbial agent, 4 parts of basic microbial agent and 13 parts of microbial agent carrier.
The functional microbial agent comprises psychrophilic bacillus, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas paraflavus; the psychrophilic bacillus is [ ]
Psychrobacter faecalis) is CGMCC1.10869; the preservation number of the aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is CGMCC3.15663; the preservation number of the pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is CGMCC1.15632.
The psychrophilic bacillus (Psychrobacter faecalis) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC), address: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 4 th 2011, 1 st, deposit number: CGMCC1.10869.
The aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC), address: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 2016, 5, 13 days, deposit number: CGMCC3.15663.
The pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC) and addressed: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 25 days of 2 months 2015, deposit number: CGMCC1.15632.
The preparation method of the functional microbial agent comprises the following steps: the psychrophilic bacillus, the aspergillus niger and the pseudomonas paraflavus are respectively and independently activated and cultured in an enlarged way to obtain the effective viable count of 1 multiplied by 10 9 And mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain the bacterial liquid of CFU/ml.
The basic microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacterial powders of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:2:3:1.
Further, the microbial inoculum carrier is a mixture of fungus residues and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the fungus residues to the diatomite is 0.4:1.
The preparation method of the microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Fully drying the fungus residues and diatomite, crushing, sieving with a two-hundred-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fungus agent carrier;
(2) Uniformly mixing a basic microbial agent and a microbial agent carrier according to parts by weight, and granulating in a granulator to obtain solid particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm;
(3) Preparing a functional microbial agent: separately activating and culturing Achromobacter faecalis, aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas paraflava to obtain effective viable count of 1×10 9 The bacterial liquid of CFU/ml is obtained by mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1;
(4) Adding the particles obtained in the step (2) into the mixed bacterial liquid of the three bacteria obtained in the step (3) according to parts by weight, fully adsorbing the bacterial liquid, and naturally drying to obtain the final product of the decomposed bacterial agent.
And (2) adding water or epoxy resin to promote granulation. The water and the epoxy resin are used in an amount which is sufficient to form the material in the granulator.
When the microbial inoculum of the embodiment is used for organic compost fermentation, the addition amount is 2-4 per mill of the mass of the organic matter raw material.
The method is practically applied: crushing and humidifying the organic materials, regulating the water content to 55% -60%, piling up the organic materials into piles with the pile length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height=1.5mx1mx1.5m, uniformly scattering microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 2-4%o for aerobic composting, and when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is about 20, the pH is about 8.5 and the germination index is more than 95%, indicating the completely decomposed organic fertilizer.
Example 3
The microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of functional microbial agent, 5 parts of basic microbial agent and 10 parts of microbial agent carrier.
The functional microbial agent comprises psychrophilic bacillus, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas paraflavus; the psychrophilic bacillus is [ ]
Psychrobacter faecalis) is CGMCC1.10869; the preservation number of the aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is CGMCC3.15663; the preservation number of the pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is CGMCC1.15632.
The psychrophilic bacillus (Psychrobacter faecalis) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC), address: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 4 th 2011, 1 st, deposit number: CGMCC1.10869.
The aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC), address: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 2016, 5, 13 days, deposit number: CGMCC3.15663.
The pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC) and addressed: beijing city, chaoyang district, north Chen Xili No. 1, 3, date of preservation: 25 days of 2 months 2015, deposit number: CGMCC1.15632.
The preparation method of the functional microbial agent comprises the following steps: the psychrophilic bacillus, the aspergillus niger and the pseudomonas paraflavus are respectively and independently activated and cultured in an enlarged way to obtain the effective viable count of 1 multiplied by 10 9 And mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain the bacterial liquid of CFU/ml.
The basic microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacterial powders of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:3:3:1.
The microbial inoculum carrier is a mixture of fungus residues and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the fungus residues to the diatomite is 0.5:1.
The preparation method of the microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Fully drying the fungus residues and diatomite, crushing, sieving with a two-hundred-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fungus agent carrier;
(2) Uniformly mixing a basic microbial agent and a microbial agent carrier according to parts by weight, and granulating in a granulator to obtain solid particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm;
(3) Preparing a functional microbial agent: separately activating and culturing Achromobacter faecalis, aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas paraflava to obtain effective viable count of 1×10 9 The bacterial liquid of CFU/ml is obtained by mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1;
(4) Adding the particles obtained in the step (2) into the mixed bacterial liquid of the three bacteria obtained in the step (3) according to parts by weight, fully adsorbing the bacterial liquid, and naturally drying to obtain the final product of the decomposed bacterial agent.
And (2) adding water or epoxy resin to promote granulation. The water and the epoxy resin are used in an amount which is sufficient to form the material in the granulator.
When the microbial inoculum of the embodiment is used for organic compost fermentation, the addition amount is 2-4 per mill of the mass of the organic matter raw material.
The method is practically applied: crushing and humidifying the organic materials, regulating the water content to 55% -60%, piling up the organic materials into piles with the pile length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height=1.5mx1mx1.5m, uniformly scattering microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 2-4%o for aerobic composting, and when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is about 20, the pH is about 8.5 and the germination index is more than 95%, indicating the completely decomposed organic fertilizer.
Comparative example
The comparative example was set, and the ratio of the bacterial liquid volumes of psychrophilic bacillus, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas paraflavus in the preparation of the functional microbial agent was changed, and the other raw materials and the preparation method were the same as in example 3.
Table 1 comparative test design
Performance testing
Organic raw materials: pig manure and corn stalks, wherein the pig manure is obtained from an ecological pig farm of Yi city, cheng county, changtai, shandong province, the corn stalks are obtained from surrounding rural areas, and the corn stalks are crushed to about 3-5 cm in particle size.
Test group: composting was carried out using the microbial agents obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 9.
And (3) carrying out composting test by taking pure pig manure as a raw material, conveying the material to a fermentation area, and regulating the water content to 55% -60% and the C/N to about 25. And (3) uniformly scattering corresponding microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 2 per mill for aerobic composting, piling up to form piles with length multiplied by width multiplied by height multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 1m multiplied by 1.5m, turning up and sampling the piles respectively in 1 st, 4 th, 7 th, 10 th, 22 th, 37 th, 51 th and 64 th days (the fermentation is finished in 64 th days), and measuring indexes such as pile temperature, water content, pH, ammonium nitrogen, germination index and the like of the piles to evaluate the influence of different auxiliary materials on pig manure composting.
The composting test is carried out by taking pure straw as raw material, and the composting mode and the composting process are the same as above.
The testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) Heap temperature determination
5 points are randomly measured on the same height (50 cm) in the middle of the pile body by using a mercury thermometer at 9:00 am and 15:00 pm every day, and the average temperature is taken as the actual temperature of the pile body.
(2) Sample collection
Throughout the test, samples were taken on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 22, 37, 51 and 64, respectively. Fresh samples were collected according to a 5-point mixed sampling method, with about 0.5kg per point. Dividing the sample into two parts, and naturally airing and preserving one part of the sample for measuring the water content, pH and germination index of the sample in different composting periods; sealing the other part at-4deg.C
And preserving in a refrigerator at-80 ℃ to measure other physicochemical indexes such as C/N, ammonium nitrogen and the like.
(3) Determination of moisture content and pH
The moisture content of the samples was measured by a 105℃oven-drying method, and 5 replicates were set for each sample. Mixing fresh sample and deionized water at a ratio of 1:10 (m/V), shaking with a horizontal shaker for 2 hr, standing for 30min, and measuring with pH meter, wherein each sample is repeated 5 times.
(4) And measuring the content of total phosphorus, total potassium and heavy metals according to the organic fertilizer standard NY 525-2012.
(5) Determination of C/N
Crushing the air-dried sample by using a crusher, weighing 20-30 mg of the sample after sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, putting the sample into tinfoil paper, recording the weighing amount (accurate to 0.001 mg), detecting the content of total nitrogen and total carbon by using an elemental analyzer, calculating C/N, and repeatedly measuring for 3 times.
(6) Determination of ammonium Nitrogen content
Fresh samples were mixed with deionized water 1:10 (W/V), placed on a shaker for 2h shaking, filtered, and the ammonium nitrogen content was measured using a flow analyzer. Each sample was taken in 3 replicates and averaged.
(7) Determination of germination index
The compost samples are mixed with distilled water in a ratio of 1:10, fully and uniformly shaken and then leached in an incubator at 30 ℃ for 24 hours. 7mL of the filtrate was pipetted into a 9cm dish lined with two 7cm qualitative filter papers. Each petri dish was sown with 20 seeds of chinese cabbage and placed in a constant temperature incubator at 30 ℃ for 48 hours. The germination rate of the seeds was determined, root length was determined and the germination index GI (%). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The germination rate of seeds is calculated as shown in formula (1).
Processing of the data was performed using Excel 2010.
TABLE 1 pig manure composting test results
Table 2 test results of corn straw composting test
As can be seen from the data in tables 1-2, the microbial decomposing inoculant disclosed by the invention has high decomposing efficiency, has a good decomposing effect on livestock manure and crop straws, can be heated to the highest temperature for about 10 days, prolongs the high-temperature period time of composting, improves the highest temperature of the composting, accelerates the decomposing process, and finally obtains a product which meets the actual use requirements. And the synergistic effect of the three bacteria of the psychrophilic bacillus, the aspergillus niger and the pseudomonas paraflavus is eliminated, and the fermentation effect is reduced in comparative examples 1-9 with the composition of the microbial inoculum changed. Therefore, the selection of the strain is a key technical feature for realizing efficient decomposing fermentation, the variety or the dosage of the functional strain is changed to reduce the fermentation effect, and the three are complementary, so that the strain is indispensable.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the preferred mode of carrying out the invention. It is evident that all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, based on the above-described embodiments of the invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of functional microbial agent, 3-5 parts of basic microbial agent and 10-15 parts of microbial agent carrier.
2. The microbial inoculant for organic composting according to claim 1, wherein the functional microbial inoculant comprises psychrophilic bacillus, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas paraxanthum; the preservation number of the psychrophilic bacillus (Psychrobacter faecalis) is CGMCC1.10869; the preservation number of the aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is CGMCC3.15663; the preservation number of the pseudomonas paraflavescens (Pseudomonas parafulva) is CGMCC1.15632.
3. The microbial decomposing inoculant for organic composting according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the functional microbial inoculant is as follows: the psychrophilic bacillus, the aspergillus niger and the pseudomonas paraflavus are respectively and independently activated and cultured in an enlarged way to obtain the effective viable count of 1 multiplied by 10 9 And mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain the bacterial liquid of CFU/ml.
4. The microbial decomposing inoculant for organic composting according to claim 1, wherein the basic microbial inoculant is prepared by mixing bacterial powders of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:2-3:2-3:1.
5. The microbial decomposing inoculant for organic compost of claim 1, wherein the inoculant carrier is a mixture of mushroom dregs and diatomite in a mass ratio of 0.3-0.5:1.
6. A method for preparing the microbial inoculant for organic composting according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the following steps:
(1) Fully drying the fungus residues and diatomite, crushing, sieving with a two-hundred-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fungus agent carrier;
(2) Uniformly mixing a basic microbial agent and a microbial agent carrier according to parts by weight, and granulating in a granulator to obtain solid particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm;
(3) Preparing a functional microbial agent: separately activating and culturing Achromobacter faecalis, aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas paraflava to obtain effective viable count of 1×10 9 The bacterial liquid of CFU/ml is obtained by mixing the three bacterial liquids according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1;
(4) Adding the particles obtained in the step (2) into the mixed bacterial liquid of the three bacteria obtained in the step (3) according to parts by weight, fully adsorbing the bacterial liquid, and naturally drying to obtain the final product bacterial agent.
7. The method for producing a microbial inoculant for organic composting as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step (2) comprises adding water or epoxy resin to promote granulation.
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