CN113880614A - Method for preparing organic fertilizer by utilizing penicillin fungi residue compost - Google Patents
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
- C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing penicillin fungi residue compost, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 15-35 parts of cow dung, 15-35 parts of straws and 0.1-0.3 part of compost fermentation bacteria; the content of penicillin in the penicillin fungi residue is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L. The organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has high organic matter content, balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient substances, high total content, and particularly obviously improved nitrogen element content, can provide sufficient nutrition for plants, and can promote good growth of the plants under the condition of low fertilizing amount. Meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is subjected to harmless treatment, penicillin is removed, the generation and propagation risks of drug-resistant genes can be avoided, and the use is safe. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer overcomes the defect of drug-resistant gene transmission risk in the organic fertilizer prepared by the antibiotic mushroom dreg compost in the prior art, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing penicillin fungi residue compost.
Background
Chemical fertilizers, as a great invention in the 19 th century, have been applied on a large scale in the 20 th century, and make very important contributions to global agricultural economy and food sources for the whole mankind. However, with the abuse of chemical fertilizers, the physicochemical properties of soil, particularly the pH value, are changed to be malignant, the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, the water-holding capacity is reduced, and the problem becomes global agricultural problems. Meanwhile, heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium and nickel are continuously accumulated along with the application of the fertilizer, so that the heavy metal content of crops in partial areas exceeds the standard, and negative influence is brought to the quality safety of grain crops. In recent years, along with the improvement of the requirements of people on the quality of crops, the production and application of organic fertilizers are gradually paid attention, the traditional organic fertilizers are mainly prepared by fermenting livestock and poultry manure and straws, can provide nutrients for the crops after being applied, and can play a role in balancing the nutrition and improving the soil compared with chemical fertilizers. In addition to traditional organic fertilizers, other organic fertilizer production methods are also widely studied, such as the preparation of organic fertilizers from antibiotic fungi residues.
The antibiotic residues are fermentation residues left after the production of antibiotics by utilizing microbial fermentation and metabolism. Penicillin is an antibiotic variety with the largest national yield, the national annual capacity reaches 10 ten thousand tons, correspondingly, about 100 ten thousand tons of penicillin fungi residues are generated every year, the existing treatment modes of the fungi residues are mostly incineration and landfill, the treatment cost is as high as 1000-2000 yuan/ton, and great economic pressure is brought to antibiotic production enterprises. The antibiotic residues contain rich organic nutrients such as protein, amino acid and the like, and also contain important inorganic nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the antibiotic residues are utilized as fertilizers after being innoxious, so that the yield increasing effect better than that of livestock and poultry manure and straw organic fertilizers can be achieved.
Therefore, the organic fertilizer obtained by performing the harmless treatment on the antibiotic fungi residues through composting becomes a new research direction. A paper 'study on compost treatment of antibiotic residues' (Zhengzhou university, 2010) discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by composting dry cow dung, corn stalks and penicillin mushroom residues, but the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method is low, the method takes mushroom residues containing high-concentration antibiotics as a base material, a drug-resistant strain is adopted to realize maturity, and a great amount of drug-resistant genes and drug-resistant bacteria are propagated in the process, so that the risk of drug-resistant gene propagation exists. At present, a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing penicillin fungi residue compost, which is safe and efficient and does not generate environmental risks, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing production process and technology, and provides a preparation method of an organic fertilizer which is rich and balanced in nutrition, high in nitrogen content and free of environmental risk through antibiotic elimination, nutrition proportioning and compost fermentation, so as to solve the technical problems of environmental drug resistance risk, low nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer and the like in the process of preparing the organic fertilizer by penicillin mushroom residue compost.
The invention provides an organic fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 15-35 parts of cow dung, 15-35 parts of straws and 0.1-0.3 part of compost fermentation bacteria;
the content of penicillin in the penicillin fungi residue is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 15-30 parts of cow dung, 15-30 parts of straws and 0.1-0.3 part of compost fermentation bacteria agent.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 30 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of straws and 0.1-0.3 part of compost fermentation inoculum.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 30 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of straws and 0.3 part of compost fermentation inoculum.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
the straw is one or more of crop straws such as corn, soybean, wheat and the like;
and/or the compost fermentation microbial inoculum is formed by mixing trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, white rot fungi and streptomycete in equal mass ratio.
Further, the preparation method of the penicillin fungi residue comprises the following steps:
taking fermentation residues after penicillin production as raw materials, filtering by a plate frame, and treating filter residues by a disc drying process to obtain penicillin fungi residues with the penicillin content of less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L;
preferably, the temperature of the disc drying process is 95-115 ℃, and the retention time is 0.5-1.5 h;
more preferably, the temperature of the disc drying process treatment is 105 ℃, and the residence time is 1 h.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the raw materials in the weight ratio and then composting and fermenting.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
the compost fermentation process comprises turning and aging;
preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the water content is maintained at 50-60% during pile turning;
and/or the turning steps comprise turning the piles once every 2 days in the first 10 days, turning the piles once every 3 days after 10 days, stopping turning the piles until the temperature of the materials is not increased any more, and then aging;
and/or the aging time is 8-14 days.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
a. mixing the penicillin fungi residue, the cow dung and the straws uniformly to obtain a mixed material;
b. adding the compost fermentation inoculum into the mixed material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a total mixed material;
c. adjusting the water content of the total mixed material to 50-60% by water;
d. and composting the total mixed materials to obtain the fertilizer.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step d, the compost fermentation process comprises turning and aging;
preferably, the water content is maintained at 50-60% during pile turning;
and/or the turning steps comprise turning the piles once every 2 days in the first 10 days, turning the piles once every 3 days after 10 days, stopping turning the piles until the temperature of the materials is not increased any more, and then aging;
and/or the aging time is 8-14 days;
more preferably still, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
in the step d, the filling height of the total mixed materials during composting is not less than 60 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. changing waste into valuable, changing the penicillin fungi residue generated in the antibiotic production process from waste into resources, and realizing value utilization. The organic matter content in the fungus residue is up to more than 85%, and more than 50% of the fungus residue is protein and amino acid, and the organic matter content can be converted into humic acid, polypeptide, amino acid and the like after composting. When the fertilizer is used as an organic fertilizer, the content of organic matters such as humic acid and the like is increased, hydrophilic groups in soil can be increased, the soil forms a good granular structure, the soil hardening phenomenon is relieved, and the fertilizer is beneficial to maintaining the soil moisture and improving the utilization efficiency of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. The polypeptide and amino acid components can promote the increase of chlorophyll content in plant leaves, strengthen the photosynthesis of crops and improve the disease resistance of the crops.
2. Antibiotic residues as raw materials are subjected to harmless treatment by a disc drying technology, and then antibiotic residues are eliminated, so that the generation and propagation risks of drug-resistant genes can be avoided. Antibiotic residues in the antibiotic residues have certain drug resistance induction risk, and when the antibiotic residues are directly used for producing fertilizer products, the antibiotic residues are contacted with microorganisms in compost fermentation inoculants and are subjected to induced domestication, so that transfer of drug resistance genes can be induced, novel drug resistance strains are generated, and the drug resistance risk can be reduced to the minimum by fully removing the antibiotics from the raw materials.
3. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements in the organic fertilizer is balanced, and the total content is high (more than 8.02%) and is far higher than the standard which is more than 5.0% and is specified by the standard of organic fertilizer (NY 525-2012). Wherein the content of nitrogen element is up to 6 percent, and the problem of low content of nitrogen element in the prior art is solved.
4. Effectively solving the problem of seedling burning when the mushroom dregs are directly used as fertilizer. In the use process of the organic fertilizer, when the application amount is too small, the content of nutrient components of the organic fertilizer is not enough to meet the growth requirement of plants, and when the application amount is too large, the problem of yield reduction of plants due to seedling burning is easily caused. The reason is that acidic substances generated in the metabolic process of organic matter components in the organic fertilizer after fertilization change the pH of soil, and generate heat in the metabolic process to cause the temperature change in the microenvironment of root systems, so that the root systems of plants are rotten. According to the method, the organic waste such as the fungus residue, the straw, the cow dung and the like is fully fermented and decomposed, meanwhile, the plant growth requirement can be met under the condition of low fertilizing amount, the seedling burning problem is avoided, and the guarantee is provided for the safe use of fertilizer products.
In conclusion, the invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing penicillin fungi residue compost. The method mixes the penicillin fungi residues subjected to harmless treatment by a disc drying process with the cow dung and the straws to be used as the basic raw materials of the organic fertilizer, prepares the organic fertilizer through the steps of uniformly mixing, filling, composting and fermenting, turning and aging, and can realize the resource utilization of the penicillin fungi residues. The decomposed organic fertilizer has high organic matter content (the organic matter content is more than 85%), balanced contents of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than 8%) which is far higher than 5% specified in the organic fertilizer (NY525-2012) standard, particularly, the content of nitrogen elements is obviously improved, sufficient nutrition can be provided for plants, and the good growth of the plants can be promoted under the condition of low fertilizing amount. Meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is subjected to harmless treatment, penicillin is removed, the generation and propagation risks of drug-resistant genes can be avoided, and the use is safe. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer overcomes the defect of drug-resistant gene transmission risk in the organic fertilizer prepared by the antibiotic mushroom dreg compost in the prior art, and has good application prospect.
Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart for preparing organic fertilizer by utilizing penicillin fungi residue compost.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the variation trend of the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in the preparation method of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the trend of the pH and conductivity in the preparation method of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the experimental results of potting with organic fertilizer prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The raw materials and equipment used in the embodiment of the present invention are known products and obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
The process flow chart of the invention for preparing organic fertilizer by utilizing penicillin fungi residue compost is shown in figure 1.
The invention utilizes the residual fermentation residue after the penicillin is produced by the conventional microbial fermentation metabolism production process as a raw material, obtains penicillin fermentation filter residue after plate-frame filtration, and then obtains penicillin fungi residue through further treatment to prepare the organic fertilizer.
Example 1 method for preparing organic fertilizer by using penicillin fungi residue compost
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step a: treating penicillin fermentation filter residue obtained after plate-frame filtration by a 105 ℃ disc drying process for 1.0h, detecting that the content of penicillin is lower than the detection limit (0.1mg/L) by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain penicillin fungi residue, and treating unqualified materials by the disc drying process again until the content of penicillin in the penicillin fungi residue is lower than the detection limit (0.1 mg/L);
step b: taking penicillin fungi residue, cow dung and straws, and mixing according to 40 parts (by dry weight) of penicillin fungi residue, 30 parts (by dry weight) of cow dung and 30 parts (by dry weight) of straws to obtain a mixed material;
step c: adding 3g of compost fermentation inoculum (namely mixing trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, white-rot fungi and streptomyces in equal mass ratio) into each kg of mixed material, and adding the compost fermentation inoculum into the mixed material and uniformly mixing to obtain total mixed material;
step d: regulating the water content of the total mixed material to 60% by using tap water;
step e: filling the total mixed materials into a heat-preservation compost fermentation container, wherein the stacking height is 70cm, inserting a thermometer to record temperature data, and covering to start compost fermentation;
step f: turning the pile once 2d in the initial stage of compost fermentation, and turning the pile once 3d after 10 d. Regulating the water content to 50-60% with tap water in the whole process;
step g: after the temperature of the materials is reduced to below 40 ℃ after 43 days, the temperature is not increased, then the piles are not turned, the ageing treatment is carried out for 14 days, and the composting is finished, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
In the composting process, each time of turning and sampling is used for detecting the penicillin residue, the organic matter content, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium element content, the pH value and the conductivity of a sample, and after the composting is finished, a pot experiment (3kg of soil, applying decomposed fertilizers with different proportions and taking corn as a test plant) is used for verifying the fertilizer efficiency and the decomposition degree.
The detection results of the residual concentration of penicillin in the composting process are shown in table 1, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and organic matters are shown in figure 2, and the pH value and the conductivity are shown in figure 3. The results of the organic fertilizer potting test are shown in FIG. 4.
TABLE 1 test results of composting Process in example 1
As shown in figures 2 and 3, the fertilizer efficiency indexes of the decomposed organic fertilizer after compound composting treatment are as follows: pH 7.95, organic matter content 88.89%, total nitrogen content 3.97%, total phosphorus content (expressed as P)2O5Calculated as K) 1.65%, and the total potassium content (in terms of K)2Calculated by O) 2.40 percent, and the total amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements is 8.02 percent.
As can be seen from fig. 4: even if the organic fertilizer prepared by penicillin fungi residue compost with low fertilizing amount (less than 2 percent) is used for treatment, the corn can grow well.
The organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has high organic matter content, high nitrogen element content and balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient substances, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements in the organic fertilizer is far higher than the specification of the organic fertilizer (NY525-2012) standard, so that sufficient nutrition can be provided for plant growth, and the plant growth can be remarkably promoted. Meanwhile, the invention eliminates the content of antibiotics (penicillin) by carrying out innocent treatment on the organic fertilizer, and can avoid the generation and propagation risks of drug-resistant genes.
Example 2 method for preparing organic fertilizer by using penicillin fungi residue compost
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step a: treating penicillin fermentation filter residue after plate-frame filtration by a 105 ℃ disc drying process for 1.0h, detecting that the content of penicillin is lower than the detection limit (0.1mg/L) by high performance liquid chromatography to obtain penicillin fungi residue, and treating unqualified materials by the disc drying process again until the content of penicillin in the penicillin fungi residue is lower than the detection limit (0.1 mg/L);
step b: taking penicillin fungi residue, cow dung and straws, and mixing 70 parts (by dry weight) of penicillin fungi residue, 15 parts (by dry weight) of cow dung and 15 parts (by dry weight) of straws to obtain a mixed material;
step c: adding 3g of compost fermentation inoculum (namely mixing trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, white-rot fungi and streptomyces in equal mass ratio) into each kg of mixed material, and adding the compost fermentation inoculum into the mixed material and uniformly mixing to obtain total mixed material;
step d: regulating the water content of the total mixed material to 60% by using tap water;
step e: filling the total mixed materials into a heat-preservation compost fermentation container, wherein the stacking height is 70cm, inserting a thermometer to record temperature data, and covering to start compost fermentation;
step f: turning the pile once 2d in the initial stage of compost fermentation, and turning the pile once 3d after 10 d. Regulating the water content to 50-60% with tap water in the whole process;
step g: and after the temperature of the materials is reduced to below 40 ℃ after 49 days and is not increased any more, stopping turning, aging for 8 days, and finishing composting to obtain the organic fertilizer.
In the composting process, each time of turning and sampling is used for detecting the penicillin residue, the organic matter content, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium element content, the pH value and the conductivity of a sample, and after the composting is finished, a pot experiment (3kg of soil, applying decomposed fertilizers with different proportions and taking corn as a test plant) is used for verifying the fertilizer efficiency and the decomposition degree.
The results of the penicillin residue concentration test in the composting process are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 detection of penicillin residues in composting Process in example 2
After compound composting treatment, the fertilizer efficiency indexes of the obtained decomposed organic fertilizer are as follows: pH 8.12Organic matter content 91.43%, total nitrogen content 6.03%, total phosphorus content (in P)2O5Calculated as K) 1.79%, total potassium content (in terms of K)2Calculated by O) 1.79 percent and the total amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements is 9.61 percent. Potted plant experiments prove that the prepared organic fertilizer can promote the good growth of the corn under low fertilizing amount (less than 2%).
The organic fertilizer prepared by the invention is proved to have high organic matter content, high nitrogen element content, balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient substances, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements in the organic fertilizer is far higher than the specification of the organic fertilizer (NY525-2012) standard, so that sufficient nutrition can be provided for plant growth, and the plant growth can be remarkably promoted. Meanwhile, the invention eliminates the content of antibiotics (penicillin) by carrying out innocent treatment on the organic fertilizer, and can avoid the generation and propagation risks of drug-resistant genes.
In conclusion, the invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing penicillin fungi residue compost. The method mixes the penicillin fungi residues subjected to harmless treatment by a disc drying process with the cow dung and the straws to be used as the basic raw materials of the organic fertilizer, prepares the organic fertilizer through the steps of uniformly mixing, filling, composting and fermenting, turning and aging, and can realize the resource utilization of the penicillin fungi residues. The decomposed organic fertilizer has high organic matter content (the organic matter content is more than 85%), balanced contents of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than 8%) which is far higher than 5% specified in the organic fertilizer (NY525-2012) standard, particularly, the content of nitrogen elements is obviously improved, sufficient nutrition can be provided for plants, and the good growth of the plants can be promoted under the condition of low fertilizing amount. Meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is subjected to harmless treatment, penicillin is removed, the generation and propagation risks of drug-resistant genes can be avoided, and the use is safe. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer overcomes the defect of drug-resistant gene transmission risk in the organic fertilizer prepared by the antibiotic mushroom dreg compost in the prior art, and has good application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. An organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 15-35 parts of cow dung, 15-35 parts of straws and 0.1-0.3 part of compost fermentation bacteria;
the content of penicillin in the penicillin fungi residue is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L.
2. An organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 15-30 parts of cow dung, 15-30 parts of straws and 0.1-0.3 part of compost fermentation bacteria agent.
3. An organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 30 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of straws and 0.1-0.3 part of compost fermentation inoculum.
4. An organic fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of penicillin fungi residues, 30 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of straws and 0.3 part of compost fermentation inoculum.
5. An organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
the straw is one or more of crop straws such as corn, soybean, wheat and the like;
and/or the compost fermentation microbial inoculum is formed by mixing trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, white rot fungi and streptomycete in equal mass ratio.
6. An organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the preparation method of the penicillin fungi residue comprises the following steps:
taking fermentation residues after penicillin production as raw materials, filtering by a plate frame, and treating filter residues by a disc drying process to obtain penicillin fungi residues with the penicillin content of less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L;
preferably, the temperature of the disc drying process is 95-115 ℃, and the retention time is 0.5-1.5 h.
7. An organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the raw materials in the weight ratio and then composting and fermenting.
8. An organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the compost fermentation process comprises turning and aging;
preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the water content is maintained at 50-60% during pile turning;
and/or the turning steps comprise turning the piles once every 2 days in the first 10 days, turning the piles once every 3 days after 10 days, stopping turning the piles until the temperature of the materials is not increased any more, and then aging;
and/or the aging time is 8-14 days.
9. A process for preparing the organic fertilizer of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
a. mixing the penicillin fungi residue, the cow dung and the straws uniformly to obtain a mixed material;
b. adding the compost fermentation inoculum into the mixed material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a total mixed material;
c. adjusting the water content of the total mixed material to 50-60% by water;
d. and composting the total mixed materials to obtain the fertilizer.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
in the step d, the compost fermentation process comprises turning and aging;
preferably, the water content is maintained at 50-60% during pile turning;
and/or the turning steps comprise turning the piles once every 2 days in the first 10 days, turning the piles once every 3 days after 10 days, stopping turning the piles until the temperature of the materials is not increased any more, and then aging;
and/or the aging time is 8-14 days.
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