CN112056167A - Low-fertilizer high-yield thunberg fritillary bulb fertilizing method - Google Patents
Low-fertilizer high-yield thunberg fritillary bulb fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 241000935235 Fritillaria meleagris Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 241001547125 Fritillaria thunbergii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 22
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000605372 Fritillaria Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000234280 Liliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-fertilizer high-yield fertilization method for fritillaria thunbergii, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing field and planting thunberg fritillary; after the thunberg fritillary is planted, a shallow trench strip soil covering method is adopted to apply a slow-release compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer as base fertilizers; applying slow-release compound fertilizer or applying urea as seedling fertilizer during seedling aligning, and covering soil after shallow trench strip application or spreading the fertilizer before raining; applying bud fertilizer in bud flowering period of Fritillaria thunbergii, wherein the fertilizer is slow-release compound fertilizer or is prepared from urea and potassium sulfate; applying slow release compound fertilizer or mixed fertilizer consisting of urea and potassium sulfate after applying the fertilizer in late ten days of 4 months, wherein the method has the advantages that: on the basis of reducing the application amount of the fertilizer, the fertilizer can be applied by optimizing the proportion of the fertilizer and selecting the proper nutrition requirement time of the thunberg fritillary bulb, so that the effects of improving the application utilization rate and the yield of the thunberg fritillary bulb are achieved, the agricultural non-point source pollution is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fritillaria thunbergii planting, in particular to a low-fertilizer high-yield fritillaria thunbergii fertilizing method.
Background
Thunberg fritillary bulb is a plant used as a crude drug for years in Liliaceae, is prepared from bulbs, has the effects of relieving cough and reducing sputum, clearing heat and moistening lung, is a famous Zhejiang province Chinese herbal medicine with eight Zhejiang flavors, and has been cultivated artificially for more than three hundred years.
The cultivation characteristics of strong fertilizer resistance, large fertilizer demand and high yield of the thunberg fritillary bulb are formed through long-term intensive cultivation in a native place. However, with the economic development, the agricultural non-point source pollution and water eutrophication caused by excessive fertilization have attracted increasingly wide attention. The drainage basin of the thunberg fritillary bulb producing area is an important drinking water source protection area. Therefore, how to provide a high-yield fertilization technology which can reduce the fertilizer consumption and realize environmental friendliness is a practical problem to be solved urgently in thunberg fritillary bulb planting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the thunberg fritillary bulb fertilizing method with low fertilizer and high yield, which can perform fertilization by optimizing the proportion of the fertilizer and selecting the proper nutritional requirement period of the thunberg fritillary bulb on the basis of reducing the application amount of the fertilizer, thereby obtaining the effects of improving the fertilizing efficiency and the yield of the thunberg fritillary bulb, reducing agricultural non-point source pollution and protecting the ecological environment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a low-fertilizer high-yield fertilization method for Fritillaria thunbergii comprises the following steps:
firstly, field preparation and fritillaria thunbergii seeding: applying 20-22.5 kg/mu of slow-release compound fertilizer when ploughing and leveling;
secondly, base fertilizer application: after the thunberg fritillary is planted, applying a slow-release compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer by a shallow trench strip soil application method, wherein the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 14-16 kg/mu, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu;
thirdly, dressing the seedling fertilizer: during seedling alignment, shallow trench strip earthing or a pre-rain broadcast application method is adopted to apply 12.5-15 kg/mu of urea or apply 12.5-15 kg/mu of slow-release compound fertilizer;
fourthly, applying additional bud fertilizer: applying fertilizer in bud flowering period of Fritillaria thunbergii, wherein the fertilizer is slow release compound fertilizer or is prepared from urea and potassium sulfate, the total application amount is 10-12.5 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied before raining;
thinly applying the fertilizer after the flower application: applying slow-release compound fertilizer or mixed fertilizer of urea and potassium sulfate in last ten days of 4 months at an application rate of 5-8 kg/mu.
In some embodiments, the applying the additional fertilizer specifically comprises: 12.5-15 kg/mu of urea is applied when aligning seedlings at the beginning of 2 months, or 12.5-15 kg/mu of slow release compound fertilizer is applied, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, and the fertilizing method adopts shallow ditch strip application soil covering or shallow loose surface soil spreading before raining.
In some implementationsIn the mode, the step IV of applying the bud fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: in the bud blooming period of the thunberg fritillary bulb from late ten days to middle ten days of 3 months, 10kg of slow release compound fertilizer or 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in a matched manner by 7.5kg of urea, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, and is applied before rainfall and after the dew on the blades is dried thoroughly; the method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of applying bud fertilizer within five days after picking flowers on plots with vigorous growth and high soil fertility, and applying bud fertilizer one week before picking flowers on plots with ordinary growth and low soil fertility.
In some embodiments, the step of applying the fertilizer after flower thinning specifically comprises: after the leaf area of the plants on the ground reaches the maximum in the last ten days of 4 months, applying additional fertilizer for one time, and applying 5-6 kg/mu of slow-release compound fertilizer or applying 5kg of urea for 3 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18; for the planting field of the commodity fritillaria thunbergii with poor fertilizer retention, 4-5 kg/mu of urea is applied in a thin mode within the period of 4 months and 15 days to 20 days.
In some embodiments, the field preparation in step (i) is specifically: firstly, deeply ploughing by a machine once, then uniformly spreading a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, the application amount is 20-22.5 kg/mu, then shallow plowing is carried out once again to fully mix the fertilizer and the soil, the soil is crushed, the ridge surface is leveled, a ridge ditch is formed, the ridge surface width is about 1.8m, the ridge ditch depth is 0.12-0.15m, the ridge ditch width is 0.3m, and drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery of the field block.
In some embodiments, the step (i) is specifically seeding of thunberg fritillary bulb: in the middle ten days of 10 months, selecting sandy loam plots to plant seeds under the condition that soil is not wet, planting furrows with a furrowing depth of 7-10cm, selecting complete and unbroken bulbs with a specification diameter of 2.5-2.8cm to be placed at the bottom of the furrow, enabling the distance between every two bulbs to be about 15cm and the row spacing to be 15-18cm, ditching one row for planting one row, covering soil row by row, avoiding treading on the furrow surface after planting, keeping soil loose, and then leveling the furrow surface by using a rake.
In some embodiments, theSecondly, preparing the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer into a commercial organic fertilizer through composting fermentation, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18; the method for applying the soil by adopting the shallow trench strips comprises the following steps: strip-shaped shallow ditches are broken on the surface of the ridge by a weeding tool, the depth of each ditch is 3-5cm, then the slow-release compound fertilizer and the decomposed powdery organic fertilizer are applied, and finally, the soil is leveled and covered.
In some embodiments, the sum of the slow release compound fertilizer and urea applied is NPK (N: P)2O5∶K2Calculated as O) is 4: 1: 2.
In some embodiments, further comprising: spraying a gray mold preventing agent before and after the picking and topping period, and then spraying the gray mold preventing agent once every 7 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the fertilizing method, the fertilizer is optimally proportioned and the proper nutrition demand period of the thunberg fritillary bulb is selected for fertilizing, so that the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and compared with the conventional fertilizing method, the fertilizing amount can be reduced by 22.2%; the thunberg fritillary bulb product planted by the fertilizing method has vigorous growth, enhanced germ resistance of plants, reduced plant wilt rate and increased acre yield by 17.4-27.1 percent, thereby obtaining the effects of improving fertilizing efficiency and thunberg fritillary bulb yield, reducing agricultural non-point source pollution and protecting the ecological environment.
Detailed Description
The method for fertilizing fritillaria thunbergii with low fertilizer and high yield of the invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention.
Example one
A low-fertilizer high-yield fertilization method for Fritillaria thunbergii comprises the following steps:
firstly, field preparation and fritillaria thunbergii seeding: firstly, deeply ploughing by a machine once, then uniformly spreading a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, the application amount is 20-22.5 kg/mu, then shallow turning is carried out again to fully mix the fertilizer and the soil, the soil is crushed, the ridge surface is leveled, the ridge ditch is opened, and the ridge is leveledThe width of the ridge surface is about 1.8m, the depth of the ridge ditch is 0.12-0.15m, the width of the ridge ditch is 0.3m, and drainage ditches are arranged at the periphery of the field block;
in the middle ten days of 10 months, selecting sandy loam plots to plant seeds under the condition that soil is not wet, planting furrows with a furrowing depth of 7-10cm, selecting complete and unbroken bulbs with a specification diameter of 2.5-2.8cm to be placed at the bottom of the furrow, enabling the distance between every two bulbs to be about 15cm and the row spacing to be 15-18cm, ditching one row for planting one row, covering soil row by row, avoiding treading on the furrow surface after planting, keeping soil loose, and then leveling the furrow surface by using a rake. The planting density adopts a planting method which is properly densified compared with the conventional planting method, and the fertilizing effect can be improved.
Secondly, base fertilizer application: after the thunberg fritillary is planted, applying a slow-release compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer by a shallow trench strip soil application method, wherein the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 14-16 kg/mu, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu; in the embodiment, the organic fertilizer is commercial organic fertilizer after stacking fermentation, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, and the shallow trench strip soil covering method is adopted: strip-shaped shallow ditches are broken on the surface of the ridge by a weeding tool, the depth of each ditch is 3-5cm, then the slow-release compound fertilizer and the decomposed powdery organic fertilizer are applied, and finally, the soil is leveled and covered. The early growth stage of the thunberg fritillary is underground growth before emergence of seedlings, and the roots and buds of the thunberg fritillary are maintained to germinate and grow by relying on nutrition of the mother bulbs. The base fertilizer is applied by matching inorganic and organic fertilizers, the organic fertilizer is used as a main material, the slow release type fertilizer is used as an auxiliary material, the nutrients are comprehensive, sufficient and rich 'foodstuff' is reserved for the seedling emergence growth of the thunberg fritillary, the mineralization of organic matters can be slowed down by applying the shallow ditch strip covering soil, and the effective utilization of the organic fertilizer and the effects of fertilizing and improving soil are improved.
Thirdly, dressing the seedling fertilizer: 12.5-15 kg/mu of urea is applied when aligning seedlings at the beginning of 2 months, or 12.5-15 kg/mu of slow release compound fertilizer is applied, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, and the fertilizing method adopts shallow ditch strip application soil covering or shallow loose surface soil spreading before raining. The seedling growth time of the thunberg fritillary bulb is short, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are absorbed and accumulated quickly by the vegetative growth in the seedling growth period. Therefore, the invention adopts timely dressing fertilizer after seedling emergence to promote vegetative growthForming a high-yield plant frame. The nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied when the seedlings are aligned at the beginning of 2 months, and the application can be reduced by a proper amount when the soil sand and the seeding bulbs are small.
Fourthly, applying additional bud fertilizer: in the bud blooming period of the thunberg fritillary bulb from late ten days to middle ten days of 3 months, 10kg of slow release compound fertilizer or 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in a matched manner by 7.5kg of urea, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶ K2O is 18: 9: 18, and is applied just before rainfall and after the dew on the blades is dried thoroughly. Also can adopt 10kg of slow-release compound fertilizer to be applied with 0-3 kg/mu potassium sulfate to properly improve the potassium content. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of applying bud fertilizer within five days after picking flowers on plots with vigorous growth and fertile soil, and applying the bud fertilizer one week before picking flowers on plots with ordinary growth and low soil fertility. From late 2 months to middle 3 months, the bud and flower-growing period of the thunberg fritillary bulb is vigorous, the new bulb gradually expands, and the nutritional requirements, especially the nitrogen and potassium requirements, are increased in the period. Therefore, the fertilizer application of the invention is mainly carried out by using nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and slow-release compound fertilizers are adopted, or urea and potassium sulfate are applied in a matched manner, and the fertilizer is applied after the leaves are dried by dew before raining, so that the fertilizer is prevented from being adhered to the leaves and burning.
Thinly applying the fertilizer after the flower application: after the leaf area of the plants on the ground reaches the maximum in the last ten days of 4 months, applying additional fertilizer for one time, and applying 5-6 kg/mu of slow-release compound fertilizer or applying 5kg of urea for 3 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18; for the planting field of the commodity fritillaria thunbergii with poor fertilizer retention, 4-5 kg/mu of urea is applied in a thin mode within the period of 4 months and 15 days to 20 days. In the late 3 months to the middle 4 months, the overground part grows to the peak, the plant leaf area reaches the maximum value, and the thunberg fritillary bulb absorbs moisture and nutrition to promote the expansion of the bulb and improve the yield of the fritillary bulb. However, the fertilization of the seed fritillaria paniculata and the commercial fritillaria paniculata is different. The later period of the fritillaria thunbergii seed field is mainly characterized by preventing the diseases and controlling the excessive growth, and the fritillaria thunbergii seed field with higher soil fertility and vigorous growth of the fritillaria thunbergii can be applied with no or a small amount of fertilizer to improve the quality of the seeds; aiming at obtaining high yield of the Fritillaria thunbergii field, the fertilizing method thinly applies fertilizer at the later stage to delay withering within 4 monthsIn last ten days (before and after clearing), one additional fertilizer is applied, and the use amount is as follows: 5-6 kg/mu of slow-release compound fertilizer or 3 kg/mu of potassium sulfate by adopting 5kg of urea for matched application, and the application amount is strictly controlled, so that the stem and leaf excess and the induced diseases can be prevented. For the commodity fritillary field with poor fertilizer retention, 4-5 kg/mu of urea can be applied according to the growth condition of fritillary bulb during 4 months and 15-20 days so as to further delay withering. The fertilizer is applied before raining or mixed with water for watering, so that the phenomenon that the fertilizer is applied after the leaves are rained or when dew is not dry is avoided.
In this embodiment, the method further includes: spraying a gray mold preventing agent before and after the picking and topping period, and then spraying the gray mold preventing agent once every 7 days. The gray mold is a main disease of the thunberg fritillary bulb, the growth of two straws of the thunberg fritillary bulb is accelerated along with the temperature rise in the month of thirty-four, the leaves of the plants are dense, the relative humidity among the plants is increased, and the thunberg fritillary bulb is rainy in spring, so that conditions are created for the propagation of pathogenic bacteria. The fertilizing method of the invention sprays the gray mold prevention agent in time before and after the picking and topping period under the condition of increasing the planting density, so as to play a better gray mold prevention effect, and can properly shorten the spraying interval time when the plants grow vigorously or are in rainy and high-temperature weather and the disease occurrence of surrounding farmers.
Example two
Test materials and methods: the test site is arranged in the original producing area of the thunberg fritillary bulb, the valley plain of river Zhennanxi river, Ningbo city, is the main distribution area of the thunberg fritillary bulb, and the cultivation system mainly comprises the thunberg fritillary bulb and summer commercial crops. The soil texture is sandy soil. The soil has medium fertility, and the concrete fertility conditions are as follows: pH5.81, 36.4g/kg of organic matter, 2.16g/kg of total nitrogen, 1020mg/kg of available phosphorus and 269mg/kg of quick-acting potassium. The seeds of the thunberg fritillary bulb are planted in 10 months, 11 days to 12 days, the planting density is about 15cm to 15cm, the planting depth is about 8cm, and other cultivation management is the same.
Test materials: the bulb of thunberg fritillary bulb adopts local reserved bulbs, the specification is about 2.5-2.7cm, and the weight of the fertilizer for test is as follows: the organic fertilizer is commercial organic fertilizer after pig manure fermentation, and the powdery organic fertilizer and the urea are slow-release fertilizers.
And (3) experimental design: the experiment group adopts the low-fertilizer high-yield thunberg fritillary bulb fertilizing method, and the rest conditions are the same as those in the first embodimentMeanwhile, the fertilization period and the fertilization dosage are as follows: base fertilizer: the slow release compound fertilizer is 20 kg/mu; base fertilizer: the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 15.5 kg/mu, and the application amount of the matched commercial organic fertilizer is 1600 kg/mu; and (3) seedling fertilizer: the application amount of the urea is 15 kg/mu; bud fertilizer: the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 10 kg; and (3) fertilizing after flowering: the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 5 kg/mu in the last ten days of 4 months, and 5 kg/mu of urea is thinly applied in the period from 15 days to 20 days of 4 months. In this example, the total amount of applied fertilizer was N: P (N: P)2O5∶K2Calculated as O) is 4: 1: 2.
Control group: compared with the conventional fertilization method in production, the fertilization period and the fertilization dosage are as follows: base fertilizer: 35 kg/mu of common compound fertilizer, N of common compound fertilizer: p2O5:K2The O ratio is 15: 15: 15; base fertilizer: 3500 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer is matched with 15 kg/mu of common compound fertilizer; and (3) seedling fertilizer: 10kg of common compound fertilizer per mu and 10kg of urea per mu in matched application; bud fertilizer: 10kg of common compound fertilizer; and (3) fertilizing after flowering: 10 kg/mu of urea.
Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Fertilizer application scheme for Fritillaria thunbergii planting of experiment group and control group (unit: kg/667 m)2)
Results and analysis
(1) The influence of the weight-reducing and yield-increasing fertilization method on the growth and the agronomic traits of the thunberg fritillary bulb
TABLE 2 influence of the experimental and control groups on the growth and development traits of Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
As can be seen from Table 2, the emergence period of the low-fertilizer treated Fritillaria thunbergii in the experimental group is slightly earlier than that in the control group by 1-2 days. The seedling stage plants treated by the experimental group with low fertilizer are higher than those of the control group, and the obvious difference exists compared with the control group treated by the conventional fertilizer. The main stem height (namely the plant height in the seedling stage) of the thunberg fritillary bulb is an important trait for individual growth and development, and the plant height in the seedling stage of the thunberg fritillary bulb treated by the low fertilizer of the experimental group is higher and 12-20% higher than that of the thunberg fritillary bulb treated by the conventional treatment, so that the significant difference level is achieved.
Along with the growth of main stalks of the thunberg fritillary bulb, two stalks (auxiliary stalks) of the thunberg fritillary bulb grow out of soil at the early bud emergence stage, and the number of the two stalks is an important characteristic of high yield potential of the thunberg fritillary bulb. The observation and test results show that the number of two rods of the thunberg fritillary bulb treated by the low fertilizer in the experimental group is higher than that in the control group, and the difference reaches a significant level; compared with the control group, the two stems of the thunberg fritillary bulb treated by the low fertilizer in the experimental group are 13-21% higher, and the difference reaches a remarkable level. The number of the two-straw leaves is an important expression of vigorous growth of the thunberg fritillary bulb, and is also a main characteristic of high yield traits, and from the viewpoint of different fertilization treatments, the number of the two-straw leaves of the thunberg fritillary bulb treated by low fertilizer in an experimental group is higher, and is increased by 50.8 percent compared with that in a control group, and the difference reaches a significant level. From the examination result of the disease occurrence condition in the later growth period, the disease occurrence number of the experimental group treated by low fertilizer is reduced compared with that of the control group, the disease occurrence rate of the experimental group is about 3-4.5%, and is reduced by 43% compared with that of the control group, which shows that the reasonable optimization and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the invention can improve the disease and bacteria damage resistance of the plant, and can be used as an effective measure for healthy cultivation.
The late growth stage of the thunberg fritillary bulb is an important period for the expansion of the bulb, and the withering delaying is an important way for obtaining high yield. From the condition of early blight at 5 months, the wilt rate of plants subjected to weight-reducing optimization treatment by an experimental group is 62.9% lower than that of plants subjected to conventional fertilization (a control group), and the weight-reducing method after optimization ensures that the thunberg fritillary plants are not premature senility due to less fertilizer, but also can properly delay blight and obtain high yield.
(2) The influence of the weight-reducing and yield-increasing fertilization method on the yield and fertilization benefit of the thunberg fritillary bulb
TABLE 3 influence of the experimental and control groups on the yield and fertilization benefit of Fritillaria thunbergii
The results show that the organic fertilizer reduction and improved application method, the chemical fertilizer reduction, the optimization of the fertilizer nutrient structure and other experimental treatments are adopted. The results show that the growth and high yield traits of the thunberg fritillary bulb obtained by the weight-reducing optimization treatment of the method are better than those of the traditional conventional treatment. The yield of Fritillaria thunbergii obtained by weight-reducing optimization treatment by the method can be increased by 27.1% under the condition that the fertilization is reduced by 22.2% compared with the conventional fertilization, and the weight-reducing and yield-increasing effects are obviously improved. In conclusion, the low-fertilizer high-yield fritillaria thunbergii fertilization method disclosed by the invention shows that the decrement fertilization, the optimized proportioning and the close planting cultivation are combined, so that on one hand, the fritillaria thunbergii can be promoted to grow vigorously, the anti-germ capacity of plants is enhanced, the withering rate of the plants is reduced, the effect of greatly increasing the yield is achieved, on the other hand, the fertilization efficiency can be improved, the agricultural non-point source pollution is reduced, and the environment-friendly planting is realized. And the conventional high-yield fertilization and excessive nutrients do not bring high yield and high efficiency.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and that the present invention may be modified from the above-mentioned materials or replaced with technical equivalents. Therefore, all equivalent changes, direct or indirect applications, made by using the description and drawings of the present invention, or other related technical fields are all included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A low-fertilizer high-yield fertilization method for Fritillaria thunbergii is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, field preparation and fritillaria thunbergii seeding: applying 20-22.5 kg/mu of slow-release compound fertilizer when ploughing and leveling;
secondly, base fertilizer application: after the thunberg fritillary is planted, applying a slow-release compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer by a shallow trench strip soil application method, wherein the application amount of the slow-release compound fertilizer is 14-16 kg/mu, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu;
thirdly, dressing the seedling fertilizer: during seedling alignment, shallow trench strip earthing or a pre-rain broadcast application method is adopted to apply 12.5-15 kg/mu of urea or apply 12.5-15 kg/mu of slow-release compound fertilizer;
fourthly, applying additional bud fertilizer: applying fertilizer in bud flowering period of Fritillaria thunbergii, wherein the fertilizer is slow release compound fertilizer or is prepared from urea and potassium sulfate, the total application amount is 10-12.5 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied before raining;
thinly applying the fertilizer after the flower application: applying slow-release compound fertilizer or mixed fertilizer of urea and potassium sulfate in last ten days of 4 months at an application rate of 5-8 kg/mu.
2. The low-fertilizer high-yield fertilization method for fritillaria thunbergii as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of applying additional fertilizer to the seedlings is as follows: 12.5-15 kg/mu of urea is applied when aligning seedlings at the beginning of 2 months, or 12.5-15 kg/mu of slow release compound fertilizer is applied, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, and the fertilizing method adopts shallow ditch strip application soil covering or shallow loose surface soil spreading before raining.
3. The low-fertilizer high-yield fertilization method for fritillaria thunbergii as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of applying the bud fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: in the bud blooming period of the thunberg fritillary bulb from late ten days to middle ten days of 3 months, 10kg of slow release compound fertilizer or 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate is applied in a matched manner by 7.5kg of urea, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, and is applied before rainfall and after the dew on the blades is dried thoroughly; the method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of applying bud fertilizer within five days after picking flowers on plots with vigorous growth and high soil fertility, and applying bud fertilizer one week before picking flowers on plots with ordinary growth and low soil fertility.
4. The low-fertilizer high-yield fertilization method for fritillaria thunbergii as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thin fertilization of the fertilizers after flowers is specifically as follows: after the leaf area of the plants on the ground reaches the maximum in the last ten days of 4 months, applying additional fertilizer for one time, and applying 5-6 kg/mu of slow-release compound fertilizer or applying 5kg of urea for 3 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, wherein the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O＝18∶9: 18; for the planting field of the commodity fritillaria thunbergii with poor fertilizer retention, 4-5 kg/mu of urea is applied in a thin mode within the period of 4 months and 15 days to 20 days.
5. The fertilizing method for thunberg fritillary bulb with low fertilizer and high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that the field preparation in the step (i) is specifically as follows: firstly, deeply ploughing by a machine once, then uniformly spreading a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18, the application amount is 20-22.5 kg/mu, then shallow plowing is carried out once again to fully mix the fertilizer and the soil, the soil is crushed, the ridge surface is leveled, a ridge ditch is formed, the ridge surface width is about 1.8m, the ridge ditch depth is 0.12-0.15m, the ridge ditch width is 0.3m, and drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery of the field block.
6. The fertilizing method for fritillaria thunbergii with low fertilizer and high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that the fritillaria thunbergii seeding in the step (i) is specifically as follows: in the middle ten days of 10 months, selecting sandy loam plots to plant seeds under the condition that soil is not wet, planting furrows with a furrowing depth of 7-10cm, selecting complete and unbroken bulbs with a specification diameter of 2.5-2.8cm to be placed at the bottom of the furrow, enabling the distance between every two bulbs to be about 15cm and the row spacing to be 15-18cm, ditching one row for planting one row, covering soil row by row, avoiding treading on the furrow surface after planting, keeping soil loose, and then leveling the furrow surface by using a rake.
7. The low-fertilizer high-yield fritillaria thunbergii fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is a commercial organic fertilizer subjected to stacking fermentation, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5∶K2O is 18: 9: 18; the method for applying the soil by adopting the shallow trench strips comprises the following steps: strip-shaped shallow ditches are broken on the surface of the ridge by a weeding tool, the depth of each ditch is 3-5cm, then the slow-release compound fertilizer and the decomposed powdery organic fertilizer are applied, and finally, the soil is leveled and covered.
8. The method for fertilizing Fritillaria thunbergii with low fertilizer and high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that the slow fertilizer is appliedRelease nitrogen phosphorus potassium (in N: P) in the total of compound fertilizer and urea2O5∶K2Calculated as O) is 4: 1: 2.
9. The low-fertilizer high-yield fertilization method for fritillaria thunbergii as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: spraying a gray mold preventing agent before and after the picking and topping period, and then spraying the gray mold preventing agent once every 7 days.
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